Munthu wokalamba m'nyumba mwathu, kutanthauza amayi athu, abambo athu, agogo athu kapena agogo athu, akayamba kuiwala zinthu pang'onopang'ono, ndipo akamafunsa chinthu chomwecho mobwerezabwereza, mantha pang'ono amabwera m'mitima yathu, sichoncho? Funso lakuti "Kodi ichi ndi chiyambi cha Matenda a Alzheimer?" limatipangitsa kuda nkhawa. Ndipotu, tikamva matenda a Alzheimer, chomwe chimabwera m'maganizo mwathu ndi mkhalidwe wachisoni pomwe pang'onopang'ono timataya kukumbukira kwathu, sitingathe kuchita ntchito zodziwika bwino, kenako nkuiwala kuti ndife ndani. Ndi zoona. Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali mitundu ingapo yayikulu ya matendawa, kutengera momwe amakulira, kutanthauza zaka zomwe matendawa amayamba komanso zomwe zimayambitsa? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi lero.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu ya matendawa imasiyana, zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zimakhala zofanana.
Choyamba, tiyeni timvetse izi. Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa matenda a Alzheimer's, zizindikiro zomwe odwala ambiri amakumana nazo pakapita nthawi zimakhala zofanana kwambiri.
- Kutaya kukumbukira: Kuiwala zinthu, makamaka zatsopano.
- Kusokonezeka: Kusokonezeka pa zinthu monga nthawi, malo, ndi masiku.
- Kuvuta kuchita ntchito zodziwika bwino: Kuvuta kuchita ngakhale ntchito zosavuta monga kuphika tiyi kapena kuvala zovala wekha.
- Kuvuta kupanga zisankho: Kudzimva wotayika, wosakhoza kupanga chisankho ngakhale chosavuta.
Chifukwa chachikulu cha zonsezi ndi kuchulukana kwa puloteni yotchedwa `amyloid beta peptides` m'maselo amitsempha ya ubongo wathu. Mwachidule, izi zili ngati mtundu wa "zinyalala" zomwe zimasonkhana mu ubongo. Nthawi zambiri, ubongo wathu umachotsa zinthu zosafunikira ngati zimenezi. Koma mu matenda a Alzheimer's, izi sizichitika bwino. Kenako mapuloteniwa amasonkhana ndikupanga ma plaque ndi kugwedezeka mu ubongo. Chifukwa cha izi, kuyenda kwa chidziwitso pakati pa maselo a ubongo kumasiya, ndipo maselo amafa pang'onopang'ono. Mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa matenda, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya matenda a Alzheimer's
Timagawa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, kutengera zaka zomwe amayamba. Onani tebulo ili m'munsimu kuti mumvetse kusiyana pakati pa mitundu iwiriyi.
| Mbali | Matenda a Alzheimer oyambirira | Matenda a Alzheimer's ochedwa |
|---|---|---|
| Zaka za chiyambi cha matendawa | Anthu osakwana zaka 65. Kawirikawiri ali ndi zaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 50. | Zaka 65 kapena kuposerapo. |
| Kufala | Chosowa kwambiri, chimachitika mwa odwala osakwana 5% mwa odwala onse. | Uwu ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri. |
| Kuthekera kopatsira mibadwo | Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa majini. | Zingachitike kaya wina m'banjamo ali ndi matendawa kapena ayi. Jini yeniyeniyo sinadziwikebe. |
| Kusintha kwa ubongo | Ma plaque ndi ma tangles ambiri amatha kuwoneka mu ubongo. Pali kuchepa kwa ubongo kwambiri. | Ngakhale kusintha kwa ubongo kutakhala kochepa, kungakhale kochepa. |
| Zina mwazinthu | Kugwedezeka/kugwedezeka kwa minofu mwadzidzidzi (myoclonus) kungawonekere. | Kutaya kukumbukira kumakhala chizindikiro chachikulu. |
Matenda a Alzheimer oyambirira
Izi zingamveke zodabwitsa pang'ono. Koma inde, anthu ena amatha kudwala matenda a Alzheimer ali ndi zaka 40 kapena 50. Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Amayamba chifukwa cha zilema za majini . Makamaka, zapezeka kuti vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha zilema za ma chromosome 1, 14, ndi 21, zomwe zili ndi chidziwitso cha majini m'thupi lathu. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi Down syndrome ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a Alzheimer's amtunduwu.
Matenda a Alzheimer's ochedwa
Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa matenda a Alzheimer omwe tonse timawadziwa. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera munthu akakwanitsa zaka 65. Nthawi zina zimatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mayi ali ndi matendawa, mwana wake akhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo. Koma jini inayake, monga mtundu womwe umakula ali wamng'ono,Chifukwa chenicheni cha vutoli sichinadziwikebe. Chifukwa chake, madokotala ndi asayansi akufufuzabe chifukwa chake anthu ena amadwala matendawa pomwe ena sadwala.
Kodi Matenda a Alzheimer a m'banja (FAD) ndi chiyani?
Pali chinthu chomwe anthu ambiri amasokonezeka nacho apa. "Winawake m'banjamo anali nacho" ndi "Familial Autism Spectrum Disorder (FAD)" ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana.
Matenda a Alzheimer a m'banja (FAD) ndi matenda omwe madokotala amatsimikiza 100% kuti amayamba chifukwa cha majini. Kuti apezeke ndi matendawa, mibadwo iwiri ya banja (monga agogo ndi amayi) iyenera kuti inali ndi matendawa. Ndi osowa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi ochepera 1% ya odwala onse a Alzheimer. Anthu ambiri omwe amadwala matenda a Alzheimer ali aang'ono amakhala ndi mtundu uwu wa FAD.
Ngati inu kapena munthu wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vuto lokumbukira, musaganize kuti, "Izi ndi zinthu zakale chabe" kapena "ndi mbiri ya banja chabe." Ikhoza kukhala vuto lochiritsika. Choncho chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuonana ndi dokotala wanu mwamsanga kuti mudziwe matenda oyenera.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Alzheimer's angabwere m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kugawidwa kumeneku kumadalira makamaka msinkhu umene matendawa amayambira (kuyambira msanga ndi kumapeto kwa nthawi).
- Mtundu wa matenda oyamba msanga, womwe umayamba mwa anthu osakwana zaka 65, ndi wosowa kwambiri. Uli ndi ubale wamphamvu pakati pa majini.
- Palibe chifukwa chenicheni cha majini chomwe chimayambitsa mtundu wa matenda ochedwa omwe timawawona nthawi zambiri, omwe amayamba munthu akakwanitsa zaka 65.
- Musaganize kuti chifukwa chakuti winawake m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer, inunso mudzakhala nawo. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zoopsa zake.
- Pankhani ya vuto lililonse lokhudzana ndi kukumbukira, kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo m'malo mounyalanyaza kumathandiza kwambiri wodwalayo komanso banja lake.
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