Kodi mapuloteni omwe ali m'thupi asokonekera? Tikukamba za amyloidosis iyi!

Kodi mukumvanso kutopa, kutopa, komanso mwina kuchepetsa thupi modabwitsa masiku ano? Nthawi zina, kusintha pang'ono m'matupi athu kungayambitse zinthu zazikulu. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe amapezeka pamene mtundu wina wa mapuloteni m'matupi mwathu umasokonekera pang'ono, kusokonekera, ndikusungidwa m'ziwalo zathu zofunika kwambiri. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha amyloidosis . Musadandaule, tikambirana izi mosavuta komanso mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi amyloidosis kwenikweni ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, amyloidosis ndi matenda omwe mapuloteni a amyloid (omwe kwenikweni ndi mapuloteni osazolowereka) m'thupi lathu amasakanikirana, amasonkhana pamodzi, ndikupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, monga ulusi wotchedwa fibrils, womwe umasungidwa m'ziwalo zofunika kwambiri monga mtima wathu, impso, ndi chiwindi. Zikatero, ndipo ngati sizikuchiritsidwa, mapuloteni osazolowereka amenewa amatha kuwononga ziwalo zathu kwambiri.

Nthawi zina mapuloteni osazolowereka amenewa amatha kusonkhana m'dera laling'ono la chiwalo. Izi zimatchedwa localized amyloidosis . Izi nthawi zambiri zimatha kukhudza khungu lathu, gawo laling'ono la chikhodzodzo, kapena njira yopumira. Komabe, nthawi zambiri ma fibrils awa amaikidwa m'chiwalo chonse kapena m'ziwalo zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa systemic amyloidosis .

Pali nkhani yabwino. Madokotala amatha kuletsa kupanga mapuloteni osazolowereka omwe amayambitsa amyloidosis. Mu mitundu ina ya amyloidosis, chitetezo chathu chamthupi chingathandize kuchotsa mapuloteni awa. Izi zitha kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndikuwonjezera thanzi la ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa.

Kodi pali mitundu ya amyloidosis?

Inde, madokotala amagawa matendawa kutengera mtundu wa mapuloteni omwe akhudzidwa. Mitundu ikuluikulu yomwe imapezeka ndi iyi:

• AL amyloidosis : Apa ndi pamene thupi lanu limapanga mapuloteni ambiri opepuka (omwe ndi gawo lalikulu la ma antibodies). Ma fibrils amenewa nthawi zambiri amasonkhana mumtima (cardiac amyloidosis) ndi impso. AL amyloidosis ingakhudzenso mitsempha yanu, khungu, ndi ziwalo zogaya chakudya. Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa amyloidosis.
• AA amyloidosis : Mu izi, zidutswa za puloteni ya seramu A zimasonkhana m'ziwalo zanu. Izi zitha kuchitika ngati muli ndi vuto la kutupa kwa nthawi yayitali, kutanthauza matenda omwe amayambitsa kutupa m'thupi (monga nyamakazi, matenda otupa m'matumbo, kapena matenda a nthawi yayitali). Izi zitha kukhudza impso zanu, ziwalo zam'mimba, kapena mtima.
• ATTR amyloidosis: Mu mkhalidwe uwu, chiwindi chanu chimapanga kuchuluka kosazolowereka kwa puloteni ya transthyretin . Puloteni yosazolowereka iyi ya transthyretin imayikidwa mumtima ndipo nthawi zina m'mitsempha. Mitundu ina imabadwa nayo (familial amyloidosis), pomwe ina imakula munthu akamakula (wild-type ATTR).

Kodi matendawa ndi ofala bwanji?

Amyloidosis kwenikweni ndi matenda osowa kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale ku United States, madokotala akuyerekeza kuti milandu yatsopano 1,275 mpaka 3,200 yokha ya AL amyloidosis imapezedwa chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, si matenda wamba.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za amyloidosis zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, kutengera mtundu wa mapuloteni osazolowereka komanso komwe ma fibrils amaikidwa.

Tangoganizirani, ngati mapuloteni awa aikidwa mumtima (`(cardiac amyloidosis)`), ndiye kuti zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika ndi kufooka, kuvutika kupuma, kukomoka (izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka) kapena kulephera kwa mtima ndi kutupa m'miyendo.

Komanso, ngati mapuloteni awa aikidwa mu impso (renal amyloidosis), zizindikiro monga kutupa kwa mapazi ndi miyendo ndi kuwona thovu mu mkodzo zingachitike.

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zomwe zimawoneka mu amyloidosis:

• Kumva kutopa kwambiri.
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.
• Kufooka kwa ziwalo kapena dzanzi, kulephera kugwira bwino chinthu.
• Kumva dzanzi m'manja.
• Kusintha kwa khungu: Izi zikutanthauza zinthu monga khungu lomwe limatupa mosavuta komanso madontho ofiirira (purpura) ozungulira maso.

Nchifukwa chiyani amyloidosis iyi imachitika?

Amyloidosis imachitika pamene mapuloteni m'thupi lathu apindana molakwika ndi kumamatira. Amalumikizana pamodzi, kupanga ma clumps, kapena ma fibrils, ndikuyika m'ziwalo ndi minofu. Madokotala amatcha izi "vuto la mapuloteni opindana molakwika." Mapuloteni omwe ayenera kukhala okonzedwa bwino, okhala ndi maunyolo ataliatali, amakangana ndipo sangathe kusweka bwino ndi thupi, zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto.

Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse izi ndi izi:

• Kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) : Mutha kulandira kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) komwe kumapanga mapuloteni a amyloid osazolowereka. Kapena, kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kungachitike munthu akamakalamba, pazifukwa zosadziwika.
• Matenda ena oyambitsa: Nthawi zina amyloidosis imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha matenda ena. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika mu amyloidosis ya AA. Izi zimachitika kwambiri mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a nthawi yayitali kapena matenda otupa osatha monga nyamakazi.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza izi? (Zinthu Zoopsa)

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze kukula kwa amyloidosis:

• Zaka : Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka 60 kapena kuposerapo .
• Jenda : Amuna ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa.
• Mtundu : Zapezeka kuti anthu akuda ku United States ali ndi mwayi waukulu wolandira kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa mtundu wa `ATTR amyloidosis`. (Pali zambiri zochepa pa izi mdziko lathu, koma nthawi zambiri amati mitundu ina imakhala ndi mitundu ina.)
• Matenda ena : Kukhala ndi vuto lotupa nthawi yayitali kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga matenda a AA amyloidosis. Komanso, pakati pa 12% ndi 15% ya anthu omwe ali ndi multiple myeloma, mtundu wa khansa ya m'magazi, amadwala AL amyloidosis.
• Kuchotsa impso nthawi yayitali : Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso osatha omwe akhala akuchotsa impso kwa nthawi yayitali amathanso kudwala matenda ena a amyloidosis.
• Amyloidosis m'banja : Mitundu ina ya amyloidosis imatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti imatha kutengera cholowa.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ma amyloid amenewa amatha kulepheretsa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa kugwira ntchito bwino. Mavuto omwe angachitike ndi awa:

• Kuchepa kwa ntchito ya mtima ndipo pamapeto pake mtima umalephera kugwira ntchito.
• Matenda a impso ndipo pamapeto pake impso zimalephera kugwira ntchito .
• Matenda a mitsempha (omwe amachititsa dzanzi ndi kufooka).

Koma kumbukirani, ngati mukufuna chithandizo ndi gulu loyenera lachipatala, mutha kuchepetsa mwayi wa mavutowa.

Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji molondola? (Kuzindikira)

Madokotala amachita biopsy kuti adziwe puloteni yomwe imayambitsa amyloidosis. Izi zimaphatikizapo kutenga chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu kuchokera ku chiwalo chokhudzidwacho kapena pamalo omwe ulusiwu nthawi zambiri umasonkhana (mwachitsanzo, m'mafuta omwe ali pansi pa khungu la mimba yanu kapena m'mafupa anu).

Kuphatikiza apo, pali mayeso ena omwe mungachite:

• Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo : Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungathe kuwona kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni m'magazi kapena mkodzo wanu. Kungathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuona momwe ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa zikugwirira ntchito.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso awa angathandize madokotala kuona kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zakhudzidwa. Kutengera ndi komwe kuli ma fibrils, mungafunike echocardiogram , yomwe imayang'ana mtima, MRI , yomwe ikuwonetsa zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ziwalo ndi minofu, kapena mayeso ena.
• Mayeso a majini : Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi amyloidosis chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini, mayesowa angachitike.

Kodi pali magawo a matendawa?

Inde, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowerengera matenda a amyloidosis kuti adziwe momwe matendawa afalikira komanso momwe alili oopsa. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera matenda amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kuti adziwe momwe matendawa akuyendera, dokotala wanu angaganizire izi:

• Kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo.
• Mayeso a magazi amasonyeza kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni osazolowereka poyerekeza ndi mapuloteni wamba a amyloid.
• Zizindikiro zanu ndi kuopsa kwake.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za gawo la amyloidosis yanu ndi momwe ingakhudzire nthawi yomwe matenda anu akuyamba.

Kodi mankhwala omwe alipo ndi ati?

Madokotala amathetsa amyloidosis pochiza vuto lomwe limayambitsa matendawa. Chithandizo chingachepetse kupitirira kwa amyloidosis ndikuletsa ma fibrils atsopano kuti asapangidwe. Mankhwala angathandizenso kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu. Mu AL amyloidosis, pamene chithandizo chikuletsa mapangidwe atsopano a amyloid, chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chikhoza kuchotsa omwe alipo kale. Kafukufuku akupitilirabe kuti apeze njira zowongolera njira yochotsera amyloid m'ziwalo zanu.

Zina mwa njira zothandizira amyloidosis ndi izi:

• Chemotherapy : Mankhwalawa amawononga maselo a plasma osazolowereka omwe amapanga mapuloteni ofooka omwe amayambitsa AL amyloidosis. Anthu ambiri amamwa mankhwala a steroid pamodzi ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy.
• Chithandizo cholunjika : Chithandizochi chimayang'ana mapuloteni, majini, kapena minofu inayake yomwe imayambitsa amyloidosis. Chimaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amaletsa mapuloteni kuti asapangidwe molakwika.
• Kuika ziwalo : Ngati impso, chiwindi, kapena mtima zawonongeka kwambiri moti sizingathenso kugwira ntchito bwino, madokotala angakulangizeni kuti muika ziwalo zina. Izi zitha kukhala mankhwala a matenda a amyloidosis obadwa nawo.

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi amyloidosis ayenera kuda nkhawa ndi chiyani?

Dokotala wanu akhoza kuchiza zizindikiro zanu, kuwongolera kufalikira kwa matendawa, ndipo nthawi zina, ngakhale kuthandizira kuthetsa matendawa. Komabe, mitundu ina ya amyloidosis, ngati sichitha kuchiritsidwa, ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zomwe zingawononge moyo. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndikuyamba chithandizo mwachangu.

Kodi inunso mukufuna kudzisamalira bwanji?

Popeza pali mitundu ingapo ya amyloidosis, palibe njira imodzi yokha yothanirana ndi matendawa. Funsani dokotala wanu njira zomwe zili zoyenera kwa inu.

Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Kusamalira thanzi lanu mwa kudya chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse .
• Ikani patsogolo thanzi lanu la maganizo . Funsani dokotala wanu za magulu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi amyloidosis. Ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino yothanirana ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndi kusungulumwa chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda osowa chonchi, komanso kulumikizana ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomweli ngati lanu.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Popeza zizindikiro zimasiyana kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa nthawi yoti mukaonane ndi dokotala. Koma nthawi zambiri, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe simukuzimvetsa ndipo simukuzimvetsa pakapita nthawi, muyeneradi kukaonana ndi dokotala. Mwina sizingakhale amyloidosis, koma ngati zili choncho, mukadziwa msanga, zimakhala bwino.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala?

Nazi mafunso ena omwe mungafunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa amyloidosis womwe ndili nawo?
• Nchifukwa chiyani ndinadwala amyloidosis?
• Kodi ndi chithandizo chamtundu wanji chomwe ndikufunika?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?
• Kodi matenda anga ndi otani ndikalandira chithandizo?

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Amyloidosis ndi matenda ovuta kwambiri chifukwa amakhudza aliyense mosiyana. Nthawi zina, amatha kuchiritsidwa. Nthawi zina, amatha kupha munthu. Izi zitha kukhala zosokoneza komanso zolemetsa. Komanso, chifukwa ndi matenda osowa, mungamve kuti ndinu nokha pamene mukufuna thandizo kwambiri.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukumbukira kuti simuli nokha. Dokotala wanu angakufotokozereni njira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira matenda anu, kutengera mtundu wa amyloidosis yomwe muli nayo. Angakupatseninso zinthu ndi magulu othandizira omwe angakuthandizeni. Gulu lanu lachipatala lingakutsogolereni kuti mupeze chithandizo chabwino kwambiri komanso chithandizo chomwe mukufuna kuti muthane ndi matendawa.

Amyloidosis , mapuloteni, mapuloteni osazolowereka, kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo, matenda a mtima, matenda a impso, matenda amitsempha