Kodi pali kusiyana kulikonse pakukula kwa mwana wanu pakugonana? Tiyeni tikambirane za Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome!

Mwana wosabadwa akamakula m'mimba, nthawi zina zinthu zazing'ono sizimayenda monga momwe amayembekezera. Ana ena angakhale ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono ndi ziwalo zawo zoberekera akamabadwa. Kapena, matupi awo sangasinthe monga momwe amayembekezera akafika msinkhu wokhwima. Nthawi zina, tingaganize za vuto lotchedwa `(Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome)`. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) ndi matenda omwe mwana amakhala wamwamuna m'majini (monga kukhala ndi chromosome ya X ndi chromosome ya Y), koma thupi lake siliyankha bwino mahomoni achimuna, androgens . Taganizirani izi motere: pali zipata zazing'ono m'matupi athu zomwe zimatumiza mauthenga ku maselo, ndipo zimayankha mahomoni awa. Mwa munthu yemwe ali ndi AIS, zipata izi sizigwira ntchito bwino.

Madokotala amatcha izi kuti ndi matenda osiyanitsa amuna ndi akazi . Kale linkatchedwa testicular feminization syndrome, koma dzina limenelo siligwiritsidwanso ntchito. Matendawa amakhudza momwe ziwalo zoberekera za mwana zimakulira akadali m'mimba. Amakhudzanso kukula kwa makhalidwe ogonana omwe ayenera kuchitika panthawi ya kutha msinkhu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli sangathe kubereka ana akakula (kusabereka) .

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya izi?

Inde, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya `AIS`. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe osiyana pang'ono.

1. Matenda Osamva Kumva Kuchuluka kwa Androgen (CAIS):

• Anthu awa amaoneka ngati atsikana kunja. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ziwalo zawo zoberekera zimaoneka ngati za mtsikana.
• Komabe, alibe ziwalo zoberekera zamkati za akazi (monga mazira, machubu a fallopian, chiberekero).
• Nthawi zambiri, anthu omwe ali ndi `CAIS` amaleredwa ngati atsikana.

2. Matenda a Partial Androgen Insensitivity (PAIS):

• Ziwalo zawo zakunja sizingakhale zokhwima mokwanira ngati za mnyamata, kapena zingawoneke ngati za mtsikana, kapena zingakhale ndi zonse ziwiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuzizindikira bwino kuti ndi za mwamuna kapena mkazi (zosamveka bwino).
• Anthu omwe ali ndi `PAIS` nthawi zina amaleredwa ngati anyamata ndipo nthawi zina ngati atsikana.

3. Mild Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (MAIS):

• Ziwalo zawo zoberekera zimaoneka ngati za mwana wamwamuna.
• Komabe, nthawi zambiri sangakhale ndi ana (kusabereka). Madokotala ena amaona kuti `MAIS` ndi gawo la `PAIS` yokha.

Ndani angadwale vutoli? Kodi ndi lofala bwanji?

Vuto la `AIS` ili limayamba chifukwa cha vuto la jini la `Androgen Receptor (AR)` , lomwe lili pa chromosome ya `X` yomwe imaperekedwa kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana. Popeza ili ndi jini la `X-linked`, ngati mayiyo ndi amene amanyamula jini lolakwikali, mwana wake wamwamuna ali ndi mwayi umodzi mwa anayi wokhala ndi vuto la `AIS`. Ana achikazi nawonso akhoza kulandira jini lolakwikali, kenako nawonso adzakhala onyamula, koma sadzakula `AIS`.

Matenda a AIS ndi osowa kwambiri . PAIS imakhudza pafupifupi mwana mmodzi mwa 99,000 wamwamuna. CAIS imakhudza pakati pa awiri ndi asanu mwa 100,000 wamwamuna.

Chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Chifukwa chake ndi chiyani?

Monga tanenera kale, chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi vuto la jini ya `AR` pa chromosome ya `X`. Pamene jini iyi sigwira ntchito bwino, thupi silingathe kupanga ma androgen receptors. Ma androgen receptors awa, mwachidule, ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza maselo a thupi kuyankha mahomoni achimuna otchedwa androgens (monga testosterone) . Chifukwa chake, ma receptor awa akasowa, thupi silizindikira mahomoni achimuna, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mahomoni amenewo alipo, sachita zomwe ayenera kuchita.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za AIS zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wake. Komabe, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka pa mitundu yonse ya matendawa ndi kusabereka .

Anthu omwe ali ndi `CAIS` sangatenge mimba kapena kupatsa mnzawo mimba. Ngakhale kuti ziwalo zawo zoberekera zimaoneka ngati za mkazi, alibe ziwalo zoberekera zamkati mwa mkazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi `PAIS` kapena `MAIS` nawonso sangakhale ndi ana. Angakhale ndi mbolo yaying'ono kwambiri, ndipo umuna ungakhale wochepa kwambiri kapena wosakhalapo.

Zizindikiro zina zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi CAIS angakumane nazo ndi izi:

• Kukhala wamtali kwambiri kuposa mtsikana wamba panthawi ya kutha msinkhu.
• Kusasamba (Amenorrhea) .
• Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu , tsitsi limakhala lochepa kwambiri kapena silimakhalapo konse m'khwapa ndi m'malo oberekera.
• Kuchepa kapena kusaya kwambiri kwa nyini .
• Machende amakhalabe m'mimba (osati pansi).

Zizindikiro zina zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi PAIS angakumane nazo ndi izi:

• Bifid scrotum ndi vuto lomwe machende amagawidwa m'magulu awiri .
• Kukula kwa clitoris (Clitoromegaly) .
• Kukula kwa minofu ya m'mawere mwa anyamata (Gynecomastia) .
• Hypospadias ndi pamene khomo la mkodzo limapezeka pansi pa mbolo, osati pamwamba pake .
• Kumangirira kwa maliseche .
• Mbolo yaying'ono kwambiri (Micropenis) .
• Machende osakwera pang'ono .

Zizindikiro zina zomwe anthu omwe ali ndi `MAIS` angakumane nazo:

• Kukula kwa bere `(Gynecomastia)` .
• Mbolo yaying'ono (Micropenis).
• Kukhala ndi tsitsi lochepa kwambiri m'thupi .

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Dokotala amatha kuzindikira PAIS pobadwa poyang'ana ziwalo zoberekera za mwana. Komabe, ngati mwana ali ndi CAIS kapena MAIS, sizingadziwike mpaka mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 11 kapena 12, pamene mwanayo ali pa msinkhu wotha msinkhu . Apa ndi pamene dokotala amatha kudziwa ngati pali vuto.

Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi CAIS sangakhale ndi msambo kapena sangakhale ndi tsitsi loyera. Mwana yemwe ali ndi MAIS akhoza kukhala ndi mbolo yaying'ono kwambiri kapena akhoza kukhala ndi mabere. Pa nthawi ya kutha msinkhu, machende osakhwima amatha kutuluka kudzera pamalo ofooka m'mimba. Nthawi zina, madokotala amapeza kuti mwana ali ndi machende osakhwima akamachitidwa opaleshoni ya inguinal hernia .

Ndi mayeso amtundu wanji omwe amachitidwa?

Kuti atsimikizire vutoli la `AIS`, dokotala adzafunika kuchita mayeso angapo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni , ma chromosome ogonana, ndi zolakwika za majini .
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga ultrasound amatha kutsimikizira ngati ziwalo zoberekera za akazi zapangidwa.

Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi AIS, ndipo mukukonzekera kukhala ndi ana, ndi bwino kupita kukayezetsa majini . Kuyezetsa kumeneku kungakudziwitseni ngati ndinu wonyamula majini osazolowereka awa.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha AIS chimadalira kugonana komwe kwaperekedwa pobadwa. Chithandizo chambiri chimayamba mwana akafika msinkhu wokhwima. Izi zimathandiza kuti thupi la mwana lisinthe kukula kwake ndipo zimathandiza mwanayo kutenga nawo mbali kwambiri pazisankho zake zamankhwala.

Komabe, akatswiri ena azaumoyo amakhulupirira kuti mankhwala ena, monga kuchotsa machende, ayenera kuchitidwa munthu asanakwanitse msinkhu chifukwa cha chiopsezo chotenga khansa yotchedwa gonadoblastomas m'machende osakhwima. Amanenanso kuti mankhwala ena amatha kuchitidwa munthu akatha msinkhu.

Njira zochiritsira ana omwe analeredwa ali anyamata:

• Opaleshoni yokonzanso ziwalo zoberekera za amuna. Mwachitsanzo, `hypospadias repair` (kukonzanso kutsegula kwa mkodzo) kapena `orchidopexy` (kukonzanso machende osakwezedwa m'thumba la mkodzo).
• Opaleshoni yochepetsa mabere kuti achotse minofu ya mabere yochulukirapo.
• Opaleshoni yokonza hernia ndi njira yotsekera minofu yotseguka kapena yofooka m'khoma la m'mimba.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni a testosterone .

Njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo kwa ana omwe atengedwa ngati atsikana:

• Opaleshoni yochotsa ziwalo zoberekera za amuna kapena minofu yochulukirapo ya clitoral.
• Njira zokulitsa nyini popanda opaleshoni kuti ziwonjezere kuzama kwa nyini.
• Chithandizo cha mahomoni a estrogen .

Kodi izi zingapewedwe?

Palibe njira yopewera AIS. Komabe, ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi vutoli ndipo mukuopa kuti mwana wanu angalandire jini losazolowerekali, kuyezetsa majini kungachitike kuti mudziwe ngati ndinu amene ali ndi kachilomboka.

Kodi anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli ali bwanji? (Masomphenya a M'tsogolo)

Anthu omwe ali ndi AIS amatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi komanso wathanzi . Ambiri amayankha bwino chithandizo cha mahomoni ndi opaleshoni. Komabe, chifukwa AIS nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kusabereka, imatha kukhala yovuta m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri. Ikhozanso kukhudza kwambiri thanzi la maganizo la ana ndi achinyamata.

Ngati simunachotsedwe gonadectomy , chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular chimawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 30%.

Ngati mwana wanga ali ndi AIS, ndingathandize bwanji?

"Kusamalira thanzi la maganizo a mwana ndi gawo lalikulu la kusamalira AIS."

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi AIS, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi njira yothandiza yomvetsetsa madokotala, abwenzi, ndi abale. Kulowa m'magulu othandizira kungathandizenso mwana wanu kugawana zomwe akumana nazo komanso mavuto ake ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi vuto lomweli.

Pamene mwana wanu akulowa muunyamata, ndipo akuyamba kuzindikira kuti thupi lake silikusintha monga momwe amayembekezera, ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana naye za AIS .

Kodi mumatani ndi AIS mukakula?

Kukhala ndi AIS uli wamkulu kungakhale kovuta. Zingakhale zovuta kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino wogonana, kupeza mnzanu amene akumvetsa ndikuvomereza vuto lako, ndipo kusabereka kungakhudze kwambiri maganizo a anthu ambiri.

Ngati muli ndi AIS, zingakhale zothandiza kulankhula ndi mlangizi kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo za zomwe mwakumana nazo. Muthanso kulumikizana ndi ena omwe ali ndi AIS m'magulu othandizira.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala wamwamuna m'majini koma sayankha mahomoni a amuna. Zotsatira zake, ziwalo zake zoberekera zingawoneke ngati za mkazi, kapena zingakhale ndi makhalidwe a amuna ndi akazi. Matendawa angayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti anthu omwe ali ndi AIS azilankhula ndi madokotala awo nthawi zonse ndikupeza chithandizo champhamvu chamaganizo. Ndi upangiri woyenera wachipatala komanso chithandizo cha okondedwa awo, anthuwa amathanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Matenda a Androgen insensitivity, AIS, chitukuko cha kugonana, mahomoni, matenda a majini, ma chromosome, kusabereka, ziwalo zoberekera, kutha msinkhu, kuyezetsa majini