Kodi nthawi zina mumamva kulemera pachifuwa panu kapena kuvutika kupuma mukatopa pang'ono? Kapena dokotala wanu wakuuzani kuti muli ndi vuto la valavu mumtima mwanu ndipo muyenera kuisintha opaleshoni? Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa mukamva zinazake ngati izi. Koma musadandaule. Lero tikulankhula za opaleshoni iyi, yomwe imatchedwa 'Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement' (SAVR). Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta komanso mwanjira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi kusintha kwa valve ya aorta kumatanthauza chiyani kwenikweni?

Taganizirani mtima wathu ngati pompu yamadzi. Mtsempha waukulu wamagazi womwe umapopa magazi kuchokera mumtima uwu kupita ku thupi lonse umatchedwa 'Aorta'. Chifukwa chake, 'chipata' pakati pa mtima ndi mtsempha waukulu wamagazi uwu chimatchedwa valavu ya Aortic . Nthawi iliyonse mtima ukagunda, chipata ichi chimatseguka ndipo magazi amatuluka, kenako nkutsekanso.

Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena matenda ena, chitsekochi chimasiya kugwira ntchito bwino.

• Chitseko sichimatsegulidwa bwino: Ichi chimatchedwa Aortic Stenosis . Chili ngati chitseko chomwe sichimatsegulidwa konse, kotero palibe malo okwanira oti magazi azituluka mumtima.
• Chitseko sichimatseka bwino: Izi zimatchedwa Aortic Regurgitation . Monga chitseko chakale, chikapanda kutseka bwino, magazi ena omwe atuluka amabwerera kumbuyo.

Pazochitika zonsezi, mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika kuposa masiku onse. Zili ngati kuyesa kutsegula chitseko chotsekedwa. Pakapita nthawi, kugwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumeneku kungawononge mtima. Kungayambitsenso zizindikiro monga kupweteka pachifuwa ndi kuvutika kupuma. Ngati sichichiritsidwa, vutoli likhoza kukhala pachiwopsezo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani opaleshoni isanachitike?

Popeza opaleshoniyi ndi yaikulu, mudzayang'aniridwa mosamala isanayambe. Mayeso awa atithandiza kusankha chithandizo chomwe chikugwirizana ndi thanzi lanu.

Mayeso achizolowezi musanachite opaleshoni

Kawirikawiri muyenera kuchita mayeso angapo ngati awa.

Kuphatikiza apo, gulu lachipatala lidzakulangizani momwe mungakonzekerere opaleshoni.

• Kodi muyenera kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji (osadya kapena kumwa) musanachite opaleshoni?
• Kaya muyenera kusiya kwakanthawi kumwa mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa panopa.
• Yakwana nthawi yoti tibwere kuchipatala.
• Zinthu zoti mubweretse kuchipatala ndi zinthu zomwe simuyenera kubweretsa.

Chofunika kwambiri: Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu za chilichonse chomwe simukumvetsa kapena mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Ngati musuta fodya, kusiya kusuta mwamsanga musanachite opaleshoni kungachepetse kwambiri chiopsezo cha mavuto.

Tiyeni tisankhe tsitsi latsopano lomwe likuyenererani.

Chosankha chofunika kwambiri chomwe mungapange musanachite opaleshoni ndi mtundu wa valavu yatsopano yomwe mudzalandire. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu.

Dokotala wanu adzakambirana nanu za valavu yoyenera kwa inu kutengera zaka zanu, thanzi lanu, komanso moyo wanu. Nthawi zambiri, mavalavu amakanikidwe amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu osakwana zaka 50, ndipo mavalavu achilengedwe amalimbikitsidwa kwa anthu opitirira zaka 65.

Momwe opaleshoni imachitikira sitepe ndi sitepe

Opaleshoni imeneyi nthawi zambiri imatenga maola awiri kapena anayi, ndipo nthawi imeneyi mumakhala mukugona tulo tofa nato ndipo simukumva chilichonse.

1. Choyamba, mudzakhala osadziwa chilichonse (`Anesthesia`) .

2. Kenako, mudzalumikizidwa ku makina a mtima ndi mapapo . Makinawa adzagwira ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo anu kwakanthawi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Adzagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyimitsa mtima wanu kwakanthawi (cardioplegia). Izi zithandiza dokotala wa opaleshoni kuchita opaleshoniyo mosatekeseka popanda kugunda kwa mtima wanu.

3. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amaduladula pafupifupi mainchesi 1.5 pakati pa chifuwa chanu kuti atsegule fupa la pachifuwa (`Sternum`) ndikufikira mtima. Izi zimatchedwa `Sternumotomy`.

4. Valavu yakale, yowonongeka ya aorta imachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi valavu yatsopano yomwe imasokedwa pamalo ake.

5. Kenako, sternum yotseguka imalumikizidwanso pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya. Mawaya amenewa nthawi zambiri amasiyidwa m'thupi kwa moyo wonse.

6. Pomaliza, kudula khungu kumatsekedwa.

Nthawi yochira pambuyo pa opaleshoni

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa masiku pafupifupi 5. Panthawiyi, gulu lachipatala lidzayang'anira thanzi lanu nthawi zonse. Adzakuthandizani kuyenda pang'onopang'ono ndikuchita zinthu zachizolowezi.

Kawirikawiri zimatenga milungu inayi mpaka isanu ndi itatu kuti munthu achire bwino.Zimatenga chaka chimodzi. Ndizachibadwa kuti mumve kutopa panthawiyi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa thupi lanu likuchira. Mukapita kunyumba, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti mupite ku pulogalamu yothandiza anthu odwala matenda a mtima. Izi zikuthandizani kuphunzira zinthu zambiri, monga kuzolowera masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi pamtima.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa za opaleshoniyi ndi ziti?

Ubwino waukulu wa opaleshoniyi ndi wakuti ingapulumutse miyoyo . Matenda a mtsempha wamagazi amatha kupha ngati sanachiritsidwe. Chiŵerengero cha kupambana n'chokwera kwambiri. Kwa anthu ambiri, chiopsezo cha imfa kapena mavuto aakulu monga sitiroko ndi chochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 1% - 2%.

Koma monga opaleshoni iliyonse, pali zoopsa zina.

• Kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa mtima (`Arrhythmia`)
• Kufunika kwa pacemaker yokhazikika
• Kutuluka magazi
• Matenda
• Stroke
• Imfa

Chiwopsezo ichi si chofanana kwa aliyense. Chimasiyana malinga ndi zinthu monga zaka zanu ndi matenda ena. Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani za chiopsezo chanu.

Kodi pali njira ina yochitira opaleshoni ya SAVR?

Inde, kwa odwala ena, makamaka omwe ali okalamba kapena omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha opaleshoni yayikulu chifukwa cha matenda ena, njira yotchedwa Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) ingakhale yoyenera kwambiri. Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa valavu yatsopano mu valavu yakale kudzera mu kabowo kakang'ono pachifuwa, popanda kuitsegula. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta ndipo imafuna nthawi yochepa yochira. Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzasankha ngati SAVR kapena TAVR ndi yoyenera kwa inu.