Kodi Apoptosis ndi chiyani? Njira yabwino kwambiri yoti maselo m'thupi lathu afe!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo zomwe zimachitika ku maselo m'thupi lathu, makamaka akakalamba kapena kuwonongeka? Ndipotu, matupi athu ali ndi luso lodabwitsa lozindikira maselo awa ndikuchotsa mwadongosolo. Ndicho chimene timachitcha apoptosis . Mwachidule, iyi ndi njira ya kufa kwa maselo yomwe thupi limakonza ndikuwongolera, mofanana ndi 'kufa kwa maselo komwe kumakonzedwa'.

N’chifukwa chiyani chinthu ichi chotchedwa apoptosis chili chofunika kwambiri kwa ife?

Tangoganizirani, maselo ena m'thupi lathu amakalamba, kapena DNA yawo imawonongeka. Ngati maselowa apitiliza kukhalapo m'thupi, amatha kupitirira kugawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa monga khansa. Njira imeneyi yotchedwa apoptosis imatithandiza kupewa zoopsa zotere.

Izi zili ngati kutaya mipando yakale, yosweka m'nyumba. Monga momwe kukhala ndi mipando imeneyo kungayambitse chisokonezo m'nyumba, kukhala ndi maselo owonongekawa m'thupi lathu kungayambitse mavuto. Chifukwa chake, apoptosis ndi chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimathandiza kuti thupi lathu likhale lathanzi.

Koma, chilichonse chiyenera kuyenda motsatira dongosolo. Ngati china chake chalakwika ndi njira iyi ya apoptosis, kaya ndi maselo ambiri akufa kapena ngati maselo omwe ayenera kufa sakufa, zimenezo zingayambitse mavuto.

• Ngati apoptosis ndi yochuluka, imathanso kuwononga maselo athanzi omwe thupi lathu limafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, vutoli limapezeka m'matenda monga matenda a Alzheimer's.
• Ngati apoptosis siichitika bwino (yachepa): Maselo owonongeka ndi osweka amakhalabe m'thupi, komwe amayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika. Izi zingayambitse matenda monga khansa.

Mungakhale ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa za apoptosis chifukwa inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa adapezeka ndi matendawa. N'zachibadwa kudzifunsa momwe njira zazing'onozi mkati mwa maselo zomwe zimangowoneka ndi maikulosikopu zingagwirizanire ndi zizindikiro zomwe timakumana nazo. Komabe, kumvetsetsa apoptosis kungakuthandizeni kumvetsetsa 'chifukwa' chomwe chikuchititsa kuti mupeze matendawa. Chidziwitsochi chingakuthandizeninso kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za matenda anu komanso njira zina zothandizira.

Kodi kwenikweni chimachitika ndi apoptosis? Kodi cholinga chake n'chiyani?

Apoptosis ndi njira yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Imayamba ngakhale tisanabadwe. Taganizirani izi, mwana wosabadwa akamakula m'mimba, mwachitsanzo, kuti zala zake zipangidwe bwino, maselo ena pakati pawo amafunika kufa panthawi yoyenera. Ndicho chimene apoptosis imathandiza.

Ngakhale titabadwa, apoptosis imagwira ntchito zambiri zofunika:

• Maselo ndi minofu yakale ya thupi lathu iyenera kusinthidwa nthawi zonse ndi yatsopano. Apoptosis imathandiza pa izi.
• Zimathandiza chitetezo chathu cha mthupi kumenyana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
• Zowonongeka,Maselo omwe sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso amachotsedwa m'thupi.
• Zimathandiza kuti maselo owonongeka asachuluke mosalamulirika.
• Zimathandiza kusunga bwino (`(Homeostasis)`) m'thupi.

Kodi chinthu ichi chotchedwa apoptosis chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Iyi ndi njira yovuta, koma mwachidule, imachitika motere. Mapuloteni ena apadera m'thupi lathu amayambitsa njira iyi ya apoptosis. Chitsanzo ndi puloteni yotchedwa `(p53 protein).` Iyi imatchedwanso ``puloteni yoletsa chotupa'' chifukwa imathandiza kuletsa maselo kugawikana mosalamulirika, monga maselo a khansa.

Umu ndi momwe puloteni ya `p53` imagwirira ntchito:

1. Choyamba, puloteni iyi imayambitsa "majini" omwe amasunga chidziwitso m'thupi lathu, ndikuyesera kukonza maselo omwe ali ndi "DNA" yowonongeka.

2. Komabe, ngati kuwonongeka kuli kwakukulu kwambiri moti sikungathe kukonzedwa, puloteniyo siilola kuti selo limenelo ligawanike kapena kuchulukirachulukira.

3. M'malo mwake, puloteniyo imatumiza chizindikiro, "Chabwino, tsopano selo ili liyenera kuyambitsa njira ya apoptosis."

Apoptosis ikayamba, kusintha kwa mankhwala kumachitika, ndipo selo limasweka kukhala zidutswa zing'onozing'ono. Kenako, selo lomwe limafa limatumiza chizindikiro ku maselo ena otchedwa phagocytes (mtundu wa maselo oyera amagazi, monga osonkhanitsira zinyalala m'thupi lathu), kuti, "Bwerani mudzadye zidutswa izi za ine." Nthawi yomweyo, selo lomwe limafa limatumiza zizindikiro ku minofu yozungulira zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa ndikuchira mwachangu. Zabwino kwambiri, eti?

Kodi apoptosis yochulukirapo ndi yoopsa?

Inde, ndithudi. Ngati apoptosis ichitika kwambiri, maselo athanzi omwe thupi lathu limafunikira nawonso amatha kufa. Kufa kwambiri kwa maselo kumeneku kumalumikizidwa ndi kukula kwa matenda ambiri. Ena mwa matenda awa ndi awa:

• `(Matenda a Alzheimer's)` (Matenda a Alzheimer's)
• `(Matenda a Huntington)` (Matenda a Huntington)
• `(Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS))` (matenda a ALS)
• `(Matenda a Parkinson)` (Matenda a Parkinson)
• `(AIDS)` (AIDS)
• Matenda a m'matumbo
• `(Nyamakazi ya mafupa)` (Nyamakazi ya mafupa)` (Nyamakazi ya mafupa)

Muzochitika zotere, zizindikiro zimabuka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe thupi limafunikira.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati apoptosis sichitika bwino (yachepa)?

Monga tanenera kale, apoptosis ndi yofunika kwambiri pochotsa maselo owonongeka, kapena poletsa kukula kwa maselo osalamulirika. Chifukwa chake, ngati izi sizichitika bwino, ndiko kuti , ngati apoptosis sichitika mokwanira, maselo oipa, owonongekawo amakhalabe m'thupi ndikuyamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mosalamulirika.

Izi zili ngati udzu. Ngati sunasamalidwe bwino, umafalikira mwachangu ndikuwononga munda wonse.

Kuchulukana kwa maselo kosazolowereka kumeneku kumabweretsa khansa ndi matenda a autoimmune.Mavuto aakulu azaumoyo angachitike.

Kodi ntchito ya apoptosis ndi yotani pochiza matenda?

Ofufuza apeza kuti kusintha kwa njira ya apoptosis kumakhudza kukula kwa matenda ena. Chifukwa chake tsopano akufunafuna mankhwala omwe angaletse apoptosis ikapitirira muyeso, kapena kuilimbikitsa ikafunika .

Tangoganizirani, nthawi zina mapuloteni ena m'thupi lathu amaletsa apoptosis pamene ziyenera kuchitika. Kenako maselo owonongeka amatha kupitirira ndikukula kukhala zotupa za khansa. Ofufuza akufunafuna mankhwala omwe angaletse kugwira ntchito kwa mapuloteniwa. Kenako apoptosis ikhoza kuchitika bwino, ndipo maselo oipawo amawonongeka.

Palinso zochitika zina pamene tikufuna kuchepetsa pang'ono njira yopangira apoptosis kuti tipewe maselo athanzi omwe timafunikira kuti asafe.

Mankhwala omwe amaletsa apoptosis mwanjira imeneyi angathandize kuthana ndi matenda ambiri mtsogolo. Dokotala wanu angakuuzeni zambiri za izi.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa apoptosis ndi necrosis ndi kotani?

Monga apoptosis, necrosis ndi njira ina yomwe maselo amafa. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndikuti apoptosis imatithandiza kukula ngakhale tisanabadwe, panthawi ya embryonic siteji (mukukumbukira mapangidwe ofanana ndi zala?). Komabe, necrosis sikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa embryonic. Nthawi zambiri imachitika titabadwa, pamene maselo amawonongeka ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, kuvulala, poizoni, ndi zina zotero.

Ofufuza ankaganiza kuti apoptosis ndi necrosis zinali njira ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri. Iwo ankaganiza kuti apoptosis inali imfa yokonzedwa bwino ya maselo, ndipo necrosis inali imfa yosakonzedwa, ya maselo osakonzedwa . Izi ndi zoona pamlingo wina. Mu necrosis, zomwe zili mu selo lomwe likumwalira zimatuluka, zimafalikira ku minofu yozungulira, ndipo zimatha kuyambitsa kutupa. Ndi njira "yosokonezeka". Koma mu apoptosis, maselo amafa osatulutsa zomwe zili mkati mwake. M'malo mwake, zidutswa za selo zimakulungidwa mwadongosolo, ndipo maselo otchedwa phagocytes amalowa ndikudya.

Komabe, kafukufuku watsopano wapeza kuti pali kufanana pakati pa njira ziwirizi. Mitundu ina ya necrosis, monga apoptosis, yapezeka kuti ndi necrosis yokonzedwa (kapena yolamulidwa). Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo necroptosis ndi pyroptosis . Nthawi zina, apoptosis ikalephera, thupi limagwiritsa ntchito njira monga necroptosis kuti lichotse maselo osafunikira kapena owopsa. Chifukwa chake, njira zosiyanasiyanazi zakufa kwa maselo zimagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti zithandize kuteteza matupi athu.

Kodi mawu oti `Apoptosis` amatchulidwa bwanji?

Pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zotchulira mawu oti `Apoptosis`. Chimodzi ndi `App-up-toe-sis` ndipo china ndi `App-uh-toe-sis`, zomwe zikutanthauza popanda mawu achiwiri a `p`. Mutha kufunsa dokotala wanu za izi, kapena mawu ena aliwonse okhudzana ndi thanzi lanu. Si nkhani yaikulu, chofunika ndikumvetsetsa lingaliroli.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Apoptosis ndi njira yosaoneka, koma yofunika kwambiri yomwe imachitika m'thupi lathu tsiku lililonse kuti tikhale ndi moyo komanso athanzi. Imfa ya maselo yokonzedwayi sikuti imangothandiza thanzi lathu komanso imathandiza kupewa matenda.

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a apoptosis, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli kuti mumvetse bwino za matendawa, momwe amakukhudzirani, komanso chithandizo chomwe chingathandize.

Kumbukirani, kudziwa zinthu ngati izi kudzakuthandizani kwambiri popanga zisankho zokhudzana ndi thanzi lanu.

Apoptosis , kufa kwa maselo, kufa kwa maselo kokonzedwa, ntchito ya thupi, thanzi, matenda, khansa