Kodi inunso mukuda nkhawa ndi matenda anu a appendix? Tiyeni tikambirane za khansa yosowa iyi (Khansa ya Appendix)!

Mukamva mawu akuti khansa ya appendix, mwina mumaopa pang'ono, eti? Ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Koma ndikofunikira kudziwa pang'ono za matendawa. Tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la khansa ya appendix, momwe imakulira, zizindikiro zake, komanso mankhwala ake.

Mwachidule, khansa ya appendix ndi pamene maselo omwe ali mu appendix yanu amasintha ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika. Izi zimatchedwanso khansa ya appendix .

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti appendix ndi chiyani. Ndi gawo la dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya . Kunena zoona, ndi thumba laling'ono, lofanana ndi chubu lomwe lili kumanja kwa mimba yanu, pafupi ndi komwe matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi matumbo akuluakulu amalumikizana. Asayansi sakudziwabe zomwe appendix imachita. Ena amaganiza kuti imathandiza chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Ena amati ndi chiwalo chosakhalapo chomwe sichitithandizanso bwino.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya appendix ndi iti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone mitundu ya khansa yomwe ingayambike mu appendix. Ndipotu, pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa zomwe zingayambike mu appendix, zonse zosavulaza komanso zoyipa . Zotupa za khansa izi ndizoopsa kwambiri chifukwa zimatha kukula ndikufalikira mthupi lonse. Madokotala amagawa khansa za appendix izi kutengera mtundu wa maselo omwe khansa imayambira. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu:

• Appendiceal adenocarcinoma
• Zotupa za neuroendocrine

Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma (Epithelial Tumors)

Khansa zambiri za appendix ndi za mtundu wa adenocarcinoma . Izi zimayambira mu minofu ya glandular yomwe imaphimba chiwalo chathu. Pali mitundu ina ingapo yamtunduwu:

• Mucinous adenocarcinoma: Mtundu uwu umayambira mkati mwa appendix. Umatulutsa chinthu chokhuthala chotchedwa mucin , chomwe chimapezeka mu ntchofu. Ngakhale kuti zotupazi zimatha kufalikira, nthawi zambiri sizifalikira kupitirira m'mimba.
• Adenocarcinoma yamtundu wa Colon (yosakhala mucinous): Zotupa izi zimakula pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa appendix. Zimakhala ngati khansa ya m'matumbo, ndipo zizindikiro zake zimafanana kwambiri.
• Adenocarcinoma ya selo lolembera mphete:Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera mu appendix. Maselo a khansa awa amatulutsa ndikusunga mucin wambiri. Dzina lawo limatchulidwa chifukwa akayang'aniridwa ndi maikulosikopu, maselowa amaoneka ngati mphete.
• Kansa ya m'mimba ya adenocarcinoma: Iyi ndi mtundu wosowa kwambiri wa kansa ya m'mimba. Ilinso ndi zizindikiro zina za zotupa za neuroendocrine.

Zotupa za Appendiceal Neuroendocrine (Zotupa za Carcinoid)

Matenda a neuroendocrine amayamba mu mtundu wapadera wa selo wotchedwa maselo a neuroendocrine . Maselo amenewa amalandira mauthenga ochokera ku dongosolo lathu la mitsempha ndi kutulutsa mahomoni. Nthawi zambiri, mitundu iyi ya matenda imakula pang'onopang'ono kwambiri .

Kodi khansa ya appendix ndi yofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, khansa ya appendix ndi matenda osowa kwambiri . Mwachitsanzo, ku United States, matendawa amapezeka mwa munthu m'modzi kapena awiri okha pa anthu miliyoni imodzi pachaka. Ndi ochepa kwambiri kuposa 1% ya anthu onse.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa ya appendix ndi ziti?

Nthawi zina, mungakhale ndi khansa ya appendix popanda zizindikiro zilizonse. Kapena, simungazindikire zizindikiro zilizonse mpaka chotupacho chitafalikira. Zizindikirozi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Yang'anani ngati muli ndi izi:

• Appendicitis (kutanthauza kutupa kapena matenda a appendix)
• Kutupa , kumva kukhuta m'mimba
• Matenda a Ascites
• Kuzungulira m'chiuno mochulukira
• Ululu m'mimba kapena m'chiuno
• Kusintha kwa ntchito ya m'mimba (makamaka kutsegula m'mimba )
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kumva kukhuta mukangoyamba kudya ( Kukhuta msanga )

Nthawi zina, khansa ya appendix imatha kutsagana ndi vuto losowa kwambiri lotchedwa Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) . Mu PMP, maselo a khansa amatulutsa chinthu chonga jelly chotchedwa mucin, chomwe chingapangitse appendix kutupa. Pakapita nthawi, zizindikiro monga kutupa ndi kupweteka m'mimba zimatha kuchitika.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa ya appendix?

Khansa ya appendix imayamba pamene maselo a appendix amasintha ndikuyamba kukula mosalamulirika. Komabe, akatswiri sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa izi.

Zinthu zoopsa

Komabe, zinthu zina zingawonjezere chiopsezo chotenga khansa ya appendix. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Zaka:Ngakhale khansa ya appendix ingachitike pa msinkhu uliwonse, imapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 40 ndi 60. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 50.
• Jenda: Akazi ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi zotupa za neuroendocrine za appendix.
• Kusuta kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi fodya: Kusuta fodya kumawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga mitundu yonse ya khansa, kuphatikizapo khansa ya appendix.
• Mbiri ya zachipatala: Matenda ena, monga atrophic gastritis , pernicious anemia, ndi Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, angapangitse chiopsezo cha khansa ya appendix.
• Mbiri ya banja la khansa: Kafukufuku waposachedwapa akusonyeza kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa ya appendix amatha kulandira majini omwe amawonjezera chiopsezo chawo cha khansa. Komabe, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti adziwe ngati izi ndi zobadwa nazo.

Kodi khansa ya appendix imapezeka bwanji?

Kawirikawiri, anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya appendicitis amapita kwa dokotala ali ndi zizindikiro za appendicitis. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pambuyo pochotsa appendicitis , yomwe ndi opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, zotupazi zimapezeka mwangozi panthawi yoyezetsa matenda ena kapena panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa ya appendix, adzaitanitsa mayeso ena angapo. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Mayeso ojambulira zithunzi: Dokotala wanu angakupatseni chithunzi cha CT scan kapena MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) . Mayesowa amatenga zithunzi za minofu yomwe ili mkati mwa thupi lanu. Amatha kusonyeza zizindikiro za zotupa komanso ngati khansa yafalikira. Khansa ya appendix ikafalikira, imatha kufalikira ku ziwalo za m'mimba zapafupi kapena minofu yomwe imaphimba ziwalozo ( peritoneum ).
• Laparoscopy: Pa opaleshoniyi, dokotala amaika chipangizo chachitali, chopyapyala chotchedwa laparoscope kudzera mu kachidutswa kakang'ono ka m'mimba mwanu. Kamera yaying'ono yomwe ili pamenepo imatenga zithunzi za appendix ndikuziwonetsa pazenera.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala amatenga chitsanzo cha minofu ndikutumiza ku labu ya matenda kuti akaone ngati pali maselo a khansa. N'kovuta pang'ono kutenga biopsy kuchokera ku appendix. Chifukwa chake, ngati khansayo yafalikira kudera lina, dokotalayo amatenga chitsanzo kuchokera kudera limenelo.
• Kuyezetsa magazi:Ngati zotsatira za biopsy yanu zikusonyeza kuti muli ndi khansa ya appendix, dokotala wanu adzayitanitsa mayeso a labu kuti awone kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni anu. Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni ena kungathandize kudziwa momwe khansayo yafalikira.

Magawo a khansa ya appendix

Kudziwa siteji ya khansa kumathandiza madokotala kudziwa kuopsa kwa khansa, njira yabwino kwambiri yothandizira, komanso zotsatira za chithandizo.

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zowerengera malinga ndi mtundu wa chotupa:

• Ma adenocarcinoma a Appendiceal: Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya TNM staging system pokonza ma adenocarcinoma a appendiceal. Njirayi imaganizira kukula kwa chotupa (T), ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes (N), komanso ngati yafalikira ku ziwalo zakutali (M). Khansa yomwe yafalikira motere imatchedwa khansa ya metastatic . Zinthu zonsezi zimatengedwa pamodzi ndipo gawo kuyambira limodzi mpaka anayi limaperekedwa. Gawo loyamba ndi khansa yoyambirira, ndipo gawo lachinayi ndi khansa yotsogola.
• Zotupa za Appendiceal neuroendocrine: Gawo la zotupazi limadziwika ngati zingathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni. Amawonanso kuchuluka kwa chotupa (momwe maselo amaonekera osazolowereka pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu). Ngati muli ndi chotupa chochepa (kutanthauza kuti pali maselo ochepa osazolowereka) ndipo dokotala akhoza kuchichotsa ndi opaleshoni, chiyembekezo chanu ndi chabwino.

Kwenikweni, kudziwa siteji ya khansa ya appendix n'kovuta pang'ono chifukwa pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe ake, omwe amatsimikizira njira zomwe mungasankhe pochiza komanso nthawi yomwe mungachiritse.

Koma musachite mantha. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni momwe khansa yanu ndi gawo lake zingakukhudzireni.

Kodi khansa ya appendix imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Pali njira zingapo zochizira khansa ya appendix. Njira zazikulu ndi opaleshoni ndi mankhwala. Dokotala wanu adzaganizira zinthu zingapo asanakonze chithandizo chanu. Izi zikuphatikizapo kukula ndi gawo la chotupacho, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso zomwe mumakonda.

Opaleshoni

Chithandizo chachikulu cha khansa ya appendix ndi opaleshoni . Pali njira zingapo zochitira opaleshoni:

• Kuchotsa Appendectomy: Pa zotupa zazing'ono kuposa masentimita 1 kapena 2 (zosakwana inchi imodzi), kuchotsa appendix yokha kungakhale kokwanira.
• Kuchotsa Hemicolectomy: Pa zotupa zazikulu komanso zoopsa kwambiri, kuchotsa hemicolectomy ndi njira yochotseraPangafunike opaleshoni yowonjezera, monga laparotomy. Mu njira imeneyi, kuwonjezera pa kuchotsa appendix, gawo la m'matumbo ndi ma lymph nodes angapo amachotsedwa.
• Opaleshoni yochotsa mabala m'mimba: Ngati khansa yafalikira m'mimba monse, opaleshoni yowonjezereka ingafunike. Pachifukwa ichi, dokotalayo amachotsa chotupa chochuluka momwe angathere, chomwe chingaphatikizepo kuchotsa ziwalo za ziwalo zomwe khansayo yafalikira.

Mankhwala a mankhwala

Ngati opaleshoni singathe kuchotsa khansa yonse, mungafunike chithandizo chamankhwala. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Chemotherapy: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa omwe afalikira kupitirira appendix. Amaphanso maselo aliwonse a khansa omwe angatsale pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Mankhwalawa angaperekedwe ngati jakisoni kapena ngati piritsi.
• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kutentha kwa M'mimba (HIPEC): HIPEC ndi mtundu wapadera wa mankhwala a chemotherapy. Nthawi zambiri amachitidwa panthawi ya opaleshoni. Amaphatikizapo kutentha mankhwala a chemotherapy ndikuzungulira m'mimba. Kutentha kumeneku komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji mankhwalawa kumapangitsa kuti chemotherapy ikhale yamphamvu komanso yogwira mtima.
• Mankhwala ochizira matenda: Cholinga cha chithandizochi ndi kungoyang'ana maselo a khansa okha komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi. Mankhwala apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi majini kapena mapuloteni ena omwe amathandiza kukula kwa khansa. Mankhwala monga cetuximab , bevacizumab , ramucirumab, ndi panitumumab amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa ya appendix.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi khansa ya appendix?

Zomwe mwakumana nazo zidzadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu, kukula, ndi mulingo wa chotupacho. Thanzi lanu lonse komanso momwe mumachitira mukalandira chithandizo ndizofunikiranso.

Mitundu ina ya khansa ya appendix imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu . Mwachitsanzo, zotupa za appendiceal neuroendocrine zomwe sizili bwino nthawi zambiri zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni. Kawirikawiri, chotupa chikakhala chaching'ono, ndiye kuti khansayo imatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi chithandizo. Zotupa zazikulu zimafalikira mwachangu ndipo sizingayankhe bwino chithandizo.

Dokotala wanu angakutsogolereni zomwe mungayembekezere kutengera matenda anu.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka kwa khansa ya appendix ndi kotani?

Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu cha khansa ya appendix yotsika kwambiri ndi pakati pa 67% ndi 97%. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakati pa 67% ndi 97% ya anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhalabe ndi moyo patatha zaka zisanu. Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kumeneku chikhoza kukhala chotsika kwambiri pa zotupa zopitirira muyeso kapena khansa ya appendix yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pake.

Kumbukirani, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adzapulumuke sikulosera momwe mungayankhire bwino mukalandira chithandizo kapena nthawi yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo. Ziwerengerozi zikuwonetsa zomwe zachitikira anthu omwe adadwala khansa ya appendix m'mbuyomu. Chifukwa khansa ya appendix ndi yosowa kwambiri, chidziwitso chokhudza nthawi yomwe munthu amakhala ndi moyo sichingakhale cholondola. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adzapulumuke, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukumva zizindikiro za khansa ya appendix, monga appendicitis, kudzimbidwa, kapena kupweteka m'mimba , pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo .

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa ya appendix, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati zizindikiro zanu zasintha kapena zikuipiraipira. Muuzeni za zotsatirapo zilizonse zomwe mukukumana nazo chifukwa cha chithandizo chanu. Angakupatseni njira zothandizira kuthana ndi zizindikiro zanu. Angakutumizireninso ku malo osamalira odwala ofooka . Akatswiri osamalira odwala ofooka amathandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osiyanasiyana (kuphatikizapo matenda osapha moyo) kuthana ndi zizindikiro zawo.

Ndi mafunso ati omwe ndiyenera kufunsa dokotala wanga?

Kudziwa zambiri momwe mungathere za matenda anu kudzakuthandizani kupanga zisankho zoyenera zokhudza thanzi lanu. Nazi mafunso ena oti mufunse dokotala wanu:

• Kodi ndili ndi mtundu wanji wa appendix?
• Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji?
• Kodi khansa yanga ya appendix ndi yotani komanso mulingo wake ndi wotani?
• Kodi ndi njira ziti zochiritsira zomwe ndili nazo?
• Kodi ndiyenera kuyamba liti kulandira chithandizo?
• Kodi ndidzatha kugwira ntchito pamene ndikulandira chithandizo cha khansa?
• Kodi pali zinthu zothandizira kapena magulu othandizira kuti andithandize?

Ndizachibadwa kuchita mantha komanso kusatsimikiza mukazindikira kuti muli ndi khansa ya appendix. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za momwe mukumvera. Iye angayankhe mafunso anu okhudza vuto lanu ndikukuuzani komwe mungapeze thandizo. Chifukwa khansa ya appendix ndi yosowa kwambiri, mungamve kuti ndinu nokha ndi matendawa. Koma simuli nokha. Mutha kulumikizana ndi ena omwe adakumanapo ndi zofanana. Mutha kuthandizana pochiza ndikuwongolera khansa ya appendix.

Uthenga wofunika kwambiri wochokera m'nkhaniyi ndi uwu:

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za khansa ya appendix, sichoncho? Ngakhale kuti iyi ndi khansa yosowa kwambiri, ndikofunikira kudziwa za iyo.

• Khansa ya appendix ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Komabe, ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi appendicitis, kupweteka kwa m'mimba kosazolowereka, kapena kutupa, muyenera kuwona dokotala.
• Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya appendix, iliyonse yokhala ndi chithandizo chosiyana komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchira.
• Kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa chithandizo chimachitika bwino.
• Pali njira zochiritsira zomwe zilipo. Matendawa amachiritsidwa ndi zinthu monga opaleshoni, chemotherapy, ndi chithandizo cholunjika.
• Musaope kufunsa mafunso. Funsani dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Simuli nokha, pali malo oti mupeze thandizo.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi kusamala ndi kusintha kwa thupi lanu. Ngati muwona china chake chachilendo, ndi bwino kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala m'malo mochinyalanyaza.

Khansa ya Appendix , appendicitis, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa, adenocarcinoma, zotupa za neuroendocrine, opaleshoni