Kodi chipatala chingadwale matenda? (Matenda Okhudzana ndi Zaumoyo) Tiyeni tidziwe bwino za izi!

Tonsefe timapita kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala kukalandira chithandizo cha matenda enaake. Koma nthawi zina, popanda kuganiza, timapita kukalandira chithandizo cha matenda ena ndipo matenda ena atsopano amatha kulowa m'thupi mwathu. Ili ndi funso lomveka bwino komanso mantha pang'ono kwa anthu ambiri. Chifukwa chake lero tikambirana za matenda omwe amafalikira m'zipatala, omwe madokotala amawatcha `(Healthcare-Associated Infections - HAIs)` kapena `(Nosocomial Infections)`, ndipo awa ndi okhudza izi.

Kodi "Matenda Okhudzana ndi Chisamaliro cha Zaumoyo" awa ndi ati?

Mwachidule, izi zimachitika mukapita kuchipatala, kuchipatala, kapena opaleshoni kuti mukalandire chithandizo cha chinthu china, ndipo mumakhala ndi matenda atsopano mukakhala komweko. Nthawi zina izi zimakhala zosavuta, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zoopsa, zomwe zingawononge moyo . Matendawa amatha kuchitika osati m'zipatala zokha, komanso m'malo monga malo opangira opaleshoni, zipatala zoyezera magazi, ndi malo osamalira odwala nthawi yayitali.

Madokotala amangotchula izi molondola kuti HAI pazochitika ngati izi:

• Ngati matenda ayamba patatha maola 48 kuchokera pamene munthu wagonekedwa kuchipatala.
• Ngati matenda ayamba mkati mwa masiku atatu kuchokera pamene mwatulutsidwa kuchipatala kapena m'chipinda chochitira opaleshoni ndikupita kunyumba .
• Ngati matenda achitika mkati mwa masiku 30 kuchokera pamene opaleshoni yachitika.

Ngakhale aliyense angatenge matenda amtunduwu, anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu ya majeremusi (matenda) omwe ali pafupi nafe. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mabakiteriya
• Mavairasi
• Bowa `(Mafangasi)`

Kumbukirani, matenda ambiri a HAI amenewa ndi opewedwa. Komabe, odwala mamiliyoni ambiri ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala padziko lonse lapansi amadwala matendawa chaka chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti ogwira ntchito kuchipatala ndi mabanja a odwala agwirizane kuti athetse vutoli.

Kodi ndi mitundu iti ya matenda omwe angafalitsidwe m'zipatala motere?

Pali mitundu ingapo ya matenda okhudzana ndi chipatala monga awa. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimasiyananso. Tiyeni tiwone zazikulu.

Matenda a C. diff (Clostridioides difficile)

Uwu ndi umodzi mwa matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'chipatala. Umayambitsa kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba, komanso kutupa kwa m'matumbo (colitis). Anthu ena amatha kudwalanso mkati mwa milungu iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu atatha kudwala.

Matenda a mkodzo okhudzana ndi catheter (CAUTI)

Pafupifupi 32% ya matenda onse m'chipatala ndi amtunduwu. Mungakumbukire kuti anthu ena amaika chubu kuchokera m'chikhodzodzo chawo kuti chiwathandize kutulutsa mkodzo mosavuta, chotchedwa catheter.Matendawa amapezeka mosavuta akachitika kwa nthawi yayitali.

Matenda opatsirana m'magazi omwe amagwirizana ndi mzere wapakati (CLABSI)

Matenda opatsirana m'magazi ndi omwe amachititsa pafupifupi 14% ya matenda omwe amabwera kuchipatala. Izi zimachitika mwa anthu omwe ali ndi mzere wapakati (central venous catheter). Izi zimaphatikizapo kulowetsa chubu mu mtsempha waukulu pafupi ndi mtima, kupereka mankhwala kudzera mmenemo, ndi kutenga magazi popanda singano zodulira pafupipafupi.

Matenda a MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)

Iyi ndi HAI yofala kwambiri. Ndi `(Staph infection)`, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi matenda oyambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Staphylococcus. Koma chapadera cha iyi ndichakuti imalimbana ndi maantibayotiki amphamvu monga penicillin, amoxicillin, ndi methicillin, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndizovuta kuchiza ndi mankhwalawa.

Matenda Opaleshoni Pamalo Opaleshoni (SSI)

Pafupifupi 22% ya matenda onse a m'chipatala ndi matenda okhudzana ndi opaleshoni. Matendawa amatha kukhudza osati mabala odulidwa okha, komanso minofu ndi ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa thupi, ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale zipangizo (zopangira ma implants) monga pacemakers kapena mafupa opangidwa omwe adalowetsedwa m'thupi panthawi ya opaleshoni. Tangoganizirani, m'mudzi wathu wapafupi, amalume ake a Sumane adabwera kunyumba atachitidwa opaleshoni ya appendicitis, ndipo atabwera kunyumba, bala linayamba kuphulika ndipo adayenera kubwerera kuchipatala. Ndi momwe zilili.

Chibayo Chogwirizana ndi Mpweya (VAP)

Izi zimapanganso pafupifupi 15% ya matenda m'chipatala. Matendawa amapezeka mwa anthu omwe akulandira mpweya wopumira . Mtundu uwu wa chibayo umachitika pamene majeremusi amalowa m'mapapo kudzera mu chubu chopumira cha makina opumira, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza anthu kupuma okha.

Kodi matenda amtunduwu amayambitsa zizindikiro zotani?

Matenda akapezeka m'chipatala, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda. Komabe, nazi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino:

• Malungo .
• Kuzizira ndi kumva kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera .
• Kuvuta kupuma , kumva kupsinjika pachifuwa (dyspnea).
• Chifuwa .
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba .
• Kumva ngati chifuwa chanu chikugunda mofulumira (kugunda kwa mtima).
• Kutsegula m'mimba (kusayenda bwino kwa matumbo).
• Kukodza pafupipafupi kuposa masiku onse (polyuria).
• Kupsa ndi kupweteka pokodza (dysuria).
• Kusintha kwa mkhalidwe wamaganizo - kukwiya, kukwiya, kumva kutaya chidziwitso.

N’chifukwa chiyani matenda amtunduwu amapezeka m’zipatala? Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Matendawa omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chipatala amatha kuchitika chifukwa cha majeremusi osiyanasiyana (matenda). Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Mabakiteriya opanda gramu: Izi zingayambitse zinthu monga poizoni m'magazi, chibayo, ndi meningitis.
• Clostridium difficile (C. diff): Iyi ndi bakiteriya yomwe ingayambitse kutupa kwa matumbo ndi kutsegula m'mimba kwambiri komwe kumafalikira mosavuta kwa ena.
• Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yosagonjetsedwa ndi Methicillin: Iyi ndi matenda a bakiteriya omwe tawakambirana kale, ndipo maantibayotiki ena sagwira ntchito.
• Chiwindi: Ichi ndi gulu la matenda opatsirana mosavuta omwe amakhudza chiwindi.

Ndikofunikanso kudziwa momwe matendawa amafalikira. Amatha kufalikira kudzera m'madontho a mpweya pamene munthu akutsokomola kapena kutsokomola . Amathanso kufalikira ngati ogwira ntchito zachipatala satenga njira zoyenera zopewera matenda (monga ngati zipangizo sizinayeretsedwe bwino) .

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?

Zinthu zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda zimatchedwa zinthu zoopsa. Muli ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda kuchipatala ngati chithandizo chanu chikuphatikizapo:

• Ngati muli ndi ma catheter m'malo mwake.
• Ngati mukulandira thandizo la kupuma pogwiritsa ntchito makina opumira mpweya.
• Ngati muyenera kumwa jakisoni pafupipafupi.
• Ngati mukuchitidwa opaleshoni.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matendawa?

Mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha matenda amenewa amadalira mtundu wa matendawo komanso kuopsa kwake. Tiyeni tiwone mavuto omwe angabwere chifukwa cha mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu ya HAI:

• Matenda a M'magazi Ogwirizana ndi Pakati (CLABSI):
• Kutupa kwa mkati mwa mtima (endocarditis)
• Kutupa kwa mitsempha ndi mitsempha (thrombophlebitis)
• Matenda a Mafupa (Osteomyelitis)
• Chifuwa
• Sepsis (matenda oopsa omwe amafalikira m'thupi lonse, omwe amatchedwanso poizoni m'magazi)

• Matenda opatsirana pamalo ochitidwa opaleshoni (SSI):
• Chilondacho chimatenga nthawi kuti chichiritse.
• Kufunika kuchitidwa opaleshoni kachiwiri.
• Kulephera kwa thupi kulandira zipangizo zachipatala zomwe zaikidwa m'thupi.
• Matenda a m'mimba mwa thupi.
• Sepsis.

• Matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mkodzo (CAUTI):
• Matenda a mkodzo.
• Sepsis.

• Chibayo chokhudzana ndi mpweya (VAP):
• Kulephera kupuma.
• Kusonkhanitsa mafinya m'kati mwa mapapo (Empyema).
• Sepsis.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Nthawi zambiri, madokotala amatha kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi HAI akakhala ndi zizindikiro zomwe takambirana kale. Nthawi zina, zizindikiro zoyambirira zimakhala kufiira kwa khungu, ziphuphu, kapena kutuluka magazi kuchokera pabala la opaleshoni . Kuti atsimikizire matendawa kapena kuti athetse vuto lina, dokotala wanu angafune kuyesa mkodzo kapena magazi .

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha HAI chimadalira mtundu wa matenda. Madokotala angagwiritse ntchito mankhwala monga:

• Maantibayotiki ( ochiza matenda a bakiteriya)
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi ( omwe amaletsa mavairasi)
• Mankhwala oletsa bowa ( ochiza matenda a bowa)

Koma pali vuto lina. Nthawi zina mankhwala amenewa sagwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha matenda monga kukana maantibayotiki , kukana mavairasi, komanso kukana ma fungi. "Kukana" kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti majeremusi asintha (kusintha) pakapita nthawi ndipo sagwiranso ntchito polimbana ndi mankhwala omwe adapangidwa kuti awaphe. Ndicho chifukwa chimodzi chomwe nthawi zina ma HAI awa amakhala ovuta kuchiza.

Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina sizingatheke, chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda obwera chifukwa cha chipatala ndikuwapewa asanayambe.

Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe matenda obwera chifukwa cha chipatalawa?

Si matenda onse omwe amabwera kuchipatala omwe angapewedwe, koma ngati inu ndi banja lanu mutsatira njira izi pamodzi, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda.

• Sungani manja anu oyera. Njira imodzi yabwino kwambiri yoletsera kufalikira kwa majeremusi ndikuziteteza ku matenda ndi kusamba m'manja pafupipafupi. Sambani m'manja mwanu ndi sopo ndi madzi kwa masekondi osachepera 20.
• Funsani madokotala ndi anamwino omwe amakuthandizani zomwe amachita kuti achepetse matenda. Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mantha, musaope kulankhula za iwo.
• Ngati muli ndi catheter, nthawi zonse funsani dokotala kapena namwino ngati ikufunikirabe. Nthawi zina ikhoza kusungidwa ngakhale itakhala kuti siikufunikanso.
• Ngati mukumwa maantibayotiki , amwe monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, muyeso wofanana komanso nthawi yeniyeni. Musasiye kumwa mpaka dokotala wanu atakuuzani kuti mutero, ngakhale mutamva bwino.
• Musanakupatseni maantibayotiki , funsani dokotala wanu kuti akuyeseni kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi oyenera pa matenda anu.
• Funsani njira zomwe amatenga kuti apewe matenda asanayambe opaleshoni komanso atatha.Komanso, funsani zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo cha matenda opatsirana pamene mukukonzekera opaleshoni.
• Phunzirani kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda a pakhungu. Ngati pali kufiira, kutuluka kwa madzi m'thupi, kapena kupweteka pafupi ndi bala la opaleshoni kapena malo operekera mankhwala, izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda.
• Pezani katemera wa chimfine ndi zina zomwe mungapereke pa nthawi yake. Izi zingathandize kuteteza matenda ena.

Kodi tsogolo la munthu amene watenga matenda otere ndi lotani?

Nthawi zambiri, ngati HAI ngati iyi yapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, anthu amatha kuchira mokwanira. Komabe, anthu otere angafunike kukhala m'chipatala nthawi yayitali ndipo angakumane ndi zopinga zina paulendo wawo wochira.

Nthawi zina, matenda opatsirana m'zipatala angayambitse mavuto aakulu azaumoyo komanso imfa. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), anthu pafupifupi 99,000 amafa chaka chilichonse m'zipatala zaku America zokha chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana m'zipatala. Ili ndi vuto padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zilizonse zokayikitsa, kapena ngati mukuona kuti zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka ngati muli m'chipatala kapena mwangochitidwa opaleshoni posachedwapa. Ngati mukuona kuti pali vuto linalake, zivute zitani, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndikupeza chithandizo chofunikira.

Tonse tikadwala, timapita kuzipatala ndi zipatala kuti tikachiritsidwe. Koma tikapita kumeneko n’kupeza matenda ena, zimatibweretsera nkhawa, kusatsimikizika, komanso mwina mantha pang’ono.

Matenda a nosocomial angayambitse mavuto aakulu. Koma kumbukirani kuti, ambiri mwa matenda amenewa ndi opewedwa. Tonsefe tili ndi udindo wopangitsa kuti malo ogona m'chipatala akhale otetezeka. Ngati muwona china chake chomwe mukuganiza kuti chingakubweretsereni matenda kapena cha wina, musaope kuuza gulu lanu lazaumoyo.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Chifukwa chake, ndikukhulupirira kuti tsopano mwamvetsetsa bwino matenda omwe amabwera kuchipatala, momwe amachitikira, komanso momwe mungawapewere. Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa izi ndikusamalira chitetezo chanu. Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali m'chipatala, dziwani izi. Funsani mafunso, chotsani kukayikira kwanu. Kenako titha kupewa matenda osafunikira awa momwe tingathere.

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