Chipinda chobisika cha ubongo chomwe chimalamulira mayendedwe anu, zisankho zanu, ndi malingaliro anu (Basal Ganglia)

Tangoganizani kuti mukutenga kapu ya tiyi. Panthawiyo, dzanja lanu lokha ndi limene limapita molunjika, ndipo thupi lanu lonse silikuyenda, sichoncho? Kapena zisankho zazing'ono zomwe mumapanga tsiku lonse, chisangalalo chomwe mumamva, zizolowezi zanu ... Zonsezi ndizofunikira kwambiri muubongo womwe uli kumbuyo kwake, koma lero tikulankhula za gawo lake lomwe sitilankhula zambiri. Ichi ndi chomwe chimatchedwa Basal Ganglia mu sayansi ya zamankhwala. Ngakhale kuti dzinali ndi lachilendo pang'ono, ntchito yake ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri.

Kodi Basal Ganglia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, basal ganglia ndi gulu la maselo amitsempha omwe ali mkati mwa ubongo wanu. Si gawo limodzi lokha, koma gulu la ziwalo zambiri. Zigawozi zimalumikizana ndipo zimathandiza kulankhulana mauthenga pakati pa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo. Zili ngati bolodi lozungulira lomwe lili mu chipangizo chamagetsi. Bolodi lozungulira ili ndi lomwe limalola ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za ubongo kubwera pamodzi ndikugwira ntchito limodzi kuti zikwaniritse cholinga chimodzi.

Ntchito yake yaikulu ndikuwongolera zizindikiro zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera ku ubongo kuti zisunthe minofu yanu. Koma imachita zambiri kuposa pamenepo.

Kodi chikuchitika ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Kafukufuku akupitirirabe pankhani ya ntchito ya basal ganglia. Zinthu zatsopano zikupezedwa pafupifupi tsiku lililonse. Koma pakadali pano, tikudziwa ntchito zingapo zofunika.

Kulamulira mayendedwe

Iyi ndi ntchito yodziwika bwino ya basal ganglia. Tiyerekeze kuti mukufuna kutenga buku. Panthawi imeneyo, ubongo wanu umatumiza uthenga ku minofu yomwe ili m'manja mwanu kuti, "Chabwino, tengani bukuli tsopano." Chizindikirochi chimadutsa mu basal ganglia musanapite mwachindunji ku minofu.

Njira yosefera iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Chifukwa ndi yomwe imatithandiza kupanga mayendedwe omwe tikufuna okha, bwino, popanda kugwedeza kosafunikira. Kupanda kutero, mukatambasula dzanja lanu, khosi lanu likhoza kupindika, mwendo wanu ungatambasule, ndipo mungakhale ndi mayendedwe achilendo. Chifukwa chake, chomwe chimachitika apa ndikuti timasiya mayendedwe osafunikira ndikulola mayendedwe ofunikira okha kuti apangidwe bwino .

Chigaza cha m'munsi chimalandiranso chidziwitso kuchokera ku mphamvu zathu zisanu (maso, makutu, mphuno, lilime, ndi khungu). Chingagwiritsenso ntchito chidziwitsochi kukonza mayendedwe athu.

Kupanga zisankho ndi malingaliro

Kuwonjezera pa kuyenda, basal ganglia imathandizanso kulamulira kupanga zisankho zanu, kuwunika zoopsa, malingaliro, ndi chilimbikitso. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mukaphunzira china chatsopano, kupanga zizolowezi, ndikukonzekera ndikukwaniritsa ntchito, basal ganglia imakhudzidwa ndi zonsezi.

Chimwemwe, zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi

Mukachita chinachake, mumamva kuti mwalandira mphotho, sichoncho? Basal ganglia imakhudzidwanso ndi njira zamagetsi muubongo zomwe zimapangitsa chisangalalo chimenecho. Komanso, chifukwa imalamulira zizolowezi ndi chilimbikitso chochita china chake, ntchito ya gawoli imakhudzanso mikhalidwe monga kuledzera ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zinthu zina . Chinthu chikakusangalatsani, ubongo wathu umalimbikitsidwa kuchita mobwerezabwereza. Basal ganglia ndi malo ofunikira omwe amalamulira njirayi.

Kodi izi zili kuti muubongo? Kodi ziwalozi ndi ziti?

Magulu a basal ganglia ali mkati mwa ubongo, pafupi ndi pakati pa ubongo. Tanena kuti iyi si nyumba imodzi. Ili ndi zigawo zingapo zazikulu. Tiyeni tiwone mwachangu zigawo zimenezo mu tebulo ili m'munsimu.

Ziwalo zimenezi zimalumikizana, zizindikiro zina zimatsitsimula ndipo zina zimaletsa. Njira yovutayi ndiyo imapangitsa thupi lathu kulamuliridwa bwino.

Kodi izi zimapangidwa ndi chiyani?

Magulu a basal ganglia amapangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya maselo mu dongosolo la mitsempha.

1. Ma neuron: Awa ndi "amithenga" a dongosolo lathu la mitsempha. Maselo awa amanyamula zizindikiro kuzungulira ubongo ndi thupi. Pali zigawo zingapo zazikulu za neuron.

• Thupi la selo: Gawo lalikulu la selo.
• Axon: Mbali yayitali, yonga mkono yomwe imatuluka m'thupi la selo. Ndi pamenepa pomwe zizindikiro zimanyamulidwa.
• Dendrites: Kapangidwe kakang'ono, ka nthambi komwe kamalandira mauthenga ochokera ku ma neuron ena.
• Myelin: Chigoba chamafuta chozungulira ma axon ena chomwe chimathandiza zizindikiro kuyenda mwachangu.

2. Maselo a Glial: Awa ali ngati "maselo othandizira" a ma neuron. Ngakhale kuti sapereka mauthenga mwachindunji, amathandiza kudyetsa, kuteteza, ndi kusunga ntchito yoyenera ya ma neuron. Pali maselo a glial ochulukirapo kuwirikiza kakhumi kuposa ma neuron mu dongosolo lathu la mitsempha.

Ndi matenda ati omwe amakhudza basal ganglia?

Chifukwa chakuti amachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri, kuwonongeka kwa basal ganglia kungayambitse matenda osiyanasiyana. Zina mwa izi mwina mudamvapo.

Zizindikiro zofala zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha vuto la basal ganglia

Zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa dera lino zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kutengera matenda omwe amayambitsa matendawa, koma pali zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino:

• Kutaya kulinganiza bwino ndi mavuto ogwirizana.
• Kufooka kwa minofu kapena kulimba mwadzidzidzi (kugwedezeka).
• Kunjenjemera , makamaka pamene mukupuma.
• Kulephera kuona bwino.
• Nkhaniyo imakhala yosokoneza kapena yosamveka bwino.

Kodi mumayesa bwanji thanzi lawo?

Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso osiyanasiyana kutengera zizindikiro zanu.

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Izi zimatha kuzindikira zinthu monga poizoni m'thupi, zitsulo zolemera (monga mkuwa ndi mercury), komanso mavuto a chitetezo chamthupi.
• Kujambula kwa CT ndi MRI: Izi zimatha kujambula zithunzi zomveka bwino za ubongo ndikuwona kusintha kulikonse mu kapangidwe kake, kuwonongeka kochokera ku chotupa, kapena sitiroko.
• EEG (Electroencephalogram): Kuyesa komwe kumayesa ntchito yamagetsi ya ubongo.
• Kuyesa majini: Kuzindikira matenda obadwa nawo monga matenda a Huntington.

Kodi mankhwala a matenda ena okhudzana ndi matendawa ndi ati?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira kwathunthu vuto lanu. Palibe chithandizo cha "kukula kofanana komwe kumakwanira onse". Mankhwala a vuto lina amatha kuipitsa vuto lina.

Matenda ena amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, opaleshoni ingafunike. Matenda ena sangachiritsidwe. Pazochitika zotere, madokotala amayesa kuwongolera zizindikiro zanu ndikukuthandizani kukhalabe ndi moyo wabwino momwe mungathere. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angadziwe chithandizo chabwino kwambiri cha matenda anu.

Kodi tingatani kuti tisunge basal ganglia kukhala yathanzi?

Ngakhale sitingathe kupewa matenda onse omwe amakhudza basal ganglia, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu. Ndipotu, zinthu zomwezo zomwe timachita kuti ubongo ndi thupi lonse likhale lathanzi ndizofunikira.

• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi:Kusowa kwa mavitamini ndi michere kapena kupitirira muyeso kungakhudze mitsempha. Komanso, kudya zakudya zabwino kungathandize kuti magazi aziyenda bwino. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti titeteze matenda monga sitiroko.
• Khalani otanganidwa ndipo khalani ndi kulemera kwabwino: Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kukhala ndi kulemera kwabwino kungathandize kuteteza matenda omwe angawononge ubongo, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi.
• Valani zida zodzitetezera: Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri! Kuvulala mutu, makamaka kugwedezeka kwa mutu, kungayambitse kuwonongeka kosatha kwa basal ganglia. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuvala zodzitetezera kumutu, monga chisoti, mukakwera njinga, njinga zamoto, mukamasewera masewera ena, komanso pantchito zoopsa.
• Konzani matenda anu osatha: Ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi, tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu ndikumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe mwalangizidwira. Kuchita zimenezi kungathandize kupewa kapena kuwongolera kuwonongeka kwa matenda amenewa ku ubongo wanu.

Magulu a basal ganglia ndi gawo lodabwitsa komanso lofunika kwambiri la ubongo wathu. Asayansi akuphunzirabe za izi. Koma chomwe tikudziwa ndichakuti gawo laling'onoli limakhudza pafupifupi gawo lililonse la moyo wathu. Chifukwa chake ndi udindo wathu kulisamalira ndikulisunga bwino.