Tiyeni tiphunzire za Metformin, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda a shuga? (Biguanides)

Dokotala wanu akakuuzani kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga, mankhwala oyamba omwe mungapatsidwe ndi Metformin. Uwu ndi mankhwala otchuka komanso otetezeka a matenda a shuga, osati ku Sri Lanka kokha, komanso padziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, sizachilendo kuti tonsefe tikhale ndi mafunso angapo komanso mantha pang'ono poyambitsa mankhwala atsopano. Mwinanso mumadzifunsa zinthu monga, "Kodi izi zidzachitika ndi chiyani?", "Kodi izi ndizabwino kwa thupi?", "Kodi pali zotsatirapo zina?" Musadandaule, lero tikambirana za mankhwala amtundu uwu otchedwa Metformin, kutanthauza, Biguanides, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi ma Biguanides awa ndi chiyani?

Ma Biguanides ndi gulu la mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa matenda a shuga. Amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2. Ntchito yayikulu ya mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga, kapena shuga m'magazi.

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "Kodi pali mankhwala ambiri mu gulu la Biguanides?" Ayi ndithu. Pakadali pano, m'maiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Sri Lanka, pali mankhwala amodzi okha pansi pa gululi. Amenewo ndi Metformin yomwe tonse timaidziwa. Komabe, mutha kuwona mankhwala a Metformin pansi pa mayina osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo:

• Glucophage®
• Glucophage XR®
• Glumetza®
• Fortamet®
• Riomet®

Kaya dzina lake ndi lotani, chinthu chogwira ntchito mkati mwake ndi chomwecho, chomwe ndi Metformin.

Kodi metformin imaperekedwa kwa odwala matenda ashuga okha?

Metformin imavomerezedwa makamaka kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri. Ndipotu, imaonedwa ngati mankhwala oyamba pa izi. Ndiko kuti, ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe dokotala amayamba nawo akangopezeka ndi matenda a shuga.

Komabe, madokotala akulemba mankhwalawa pa matenda ena angapo, osati matenda a shuga okha. Tikutcha kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku "kopanda chizindikiro". Izi zikutanthauza kuti, madokotala akulemba mankhwalawa pa matenda ena kupatula omwe adavomerezedwa mwalamulo, chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwake.

Kuphatikiza apo, ofufuza tsopano akufufuza ngati metformin ili ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi khansa. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amamwa metformin chifukwa cha matenda a shuga ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa chotenga khansa. Komabe, izi zikadali mu gawo lofufuza.

Kodi piritsi la Metformin limagwira ntchito bwanji m'thupi lathu?

Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito. Tiyeni timvetse ndi chitsanzo chosavuta.

Tangoganizani kuti muli ndi fakitale yaikulu m'thupi lanu yomwe imapanga shuga (shuga). Chiwindi chanu ndi chimenecho. Kwa munthu wodwala matenda a shuga, fakitale iyi imagwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso, nthawi zonse ikupopera shuga m'magazi.

1. Kuchepetsa kupanga shuga m'chiwindi: Chinthu choyamba chomwe Metformin imachita ndikuchepetsa kupanga shuga m'fakitale ya shuga (chiwindi). Mwanjira ina, mankhwalawa amaletsa kuwonjezera shuga m'magazi kuchokera m'chiwindi mosafunikira.

2. Minofu imakhala yomvera kwambiri insulin: Chinthu chachiwiri ndikuthandiza mahomoni a insulin m'thupi lathu kugwira ntchito bwino. Insulin ili ngati kiyi ya zitseko za maselo a thupi lathu. Kiyi iyi ndi yomwe imalola shuga m'magazi kulowa m'maselo ndikupanga mphamvu. Anthu odwala matenda ashuga amavutika kutsegula kiyi iyi. TimaitchaKukana kwa insulin. Metformin imagwira ntchito popangitsa kuti zitseko za minofu ngati maselo zilandire bwino kiyi iyi (insulin). Kenako shuga m'magazi amatha kulowa mosavuta m'maselo ndikusanduka mphamvu. Kenako shuga m'magazi amachepa.

Kwa akazi omwe ali ndi PCOS, Metformin imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, zomwe zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mahomoni monga androgens, zomwe zimathandiza kubwezeretsa nthawi zonse za msambo.

Kodi ubwino wa mankhwalawa ndi wotani?

Metformin ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.

• Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa A1C: Kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga, metformin imatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa A1C (kuyesa komwe kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi 2-3 yapitayi) ndi pafupifupi 1%. Ichi ndi chitukuko chachikulu pakuwongolera matenda a shuga.
• Kupewa matenda a shuga: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti mankhwalawa angathandize kuchedwetsa kapena kuletsa kwathunthu kukula kwa matenda a shuga mwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga asanakwane.
• Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima: Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti metformin ingathandizenso kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.

Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti popeza mankhwalawa ndi matenda a moyo wonse, ndikofunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi dokotala wanu ndikumwa mankhwala anu komanso kusintha moyo wanu (zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi) monga momwe mwalangizidwira. Mankhwala okha sangachepetse matenda a shuga.

Tidziwenso za zotsatirapo zake ndi zoopsa zake.

Monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, Metformin ingayambitse zotsatira zina zoyipa. Koma zambiri mwa izi sizowopsa ndipo si aliyense amene amalandira.

Zotsatira zoyipa zofala

Izi zitha kuchitika m'masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo mutayamba kumwa mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri zimatha pakapita nthawi pamene thupi limayamba kuzolowera mankhwalawo.

• Kusokonezeka m'mimba: Kutupa, nseru, kusanza, makamaka kutsegula m'mimba ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri. Vutoli limatha kuchitika mwa anthu pafupifupi 30% omwe amatenga metformin.
• Kumwa mankhwala mutatha kudya: Njira yabwino yochepetsera kusasangalala m'mimba ngati iyi ndikumwa mankhwalawo mukudya kapena nthawi yomweyo mutatha kudya. Musamwe muli ndi mimba yopanda kanthu.

Zotsatira zoyipa kawirikawiri

• Kusasangalala pachifuwa
• Mutu
• Kutuluka thukuta kwambiri (diaphoresis)
• Shuga wochepa m'magazi (hypoglycemia) - (Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi metformin yokha, koma zimatha kuchitika zikamwedwa limodzi ndi mankhwala ena a shuga)
• Kufooka

Ngati izi zikupitirira kapena ngati mukukumana ndi vuto, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu.

Zoopsa zomwe zimafunika chisamaliro chapadera

Metformin nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala otetezeka kwambiri, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa mavuto ena akuluakulu omwe angachitike kawirikawiri.

1. Kusowa kwa Vitamini B12

Mukatenga Metformin kwa nthawi yayitali, thupi lanu limatha kuyamwa vitamini B12 pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu angayang'ane kuchuluka kwa vitamini B12 m'thupi lanu, makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi kapena matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha. Ngati pakufunika kutero, angakulangizeni kumwa vitamini B12 yowonjezera.

2. Lactic Acidosis

Lactic acidosis ndi matenda omwe thupi limadzaza lactic acid yambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azikhala ndi asidi wambiri. Matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 30,000 omwe amatenga metformin. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Komabe, zimatha kupha munthu, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake.

Anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga lactic acidosis:

• Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso kapena chiwindi
• Anthu azaka zopitilira 65
• Anthu omwe angochitidwa opaleshoni posachedwapa
• Anthu omwe ali ndi hypoxia (kusowa kwa mpweya m'thupi)
• Anthu omwe amamwa mowa mopitirira muyeso

Dokotala wanu nthawi zonse amafufuza momwe impso zanu zimagwirira ntchito akamakupatsani Metformin kuti afotokoze za chiopsezochi.

Zizindikiro za lactic acidosis:

Ngati chizindikiro chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zachitika mwadzidzidzi, siyani kumwa mankhwala nthawi yomweyo ndipo pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi cha chipatala (ETU).

• Kutopa kwambiri ndi kufooka
• Kusanza ndi kusanza
• Kuwawa kwam'mimba
• Kupuma mofulumira kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, mozama

Vutoli likhoza kubweretsa imfa ngati silikuchiritsidwa mwachangu, choncho dziwani zizindikiro izi.

3. Mavuto ndi mankhwala ena (Kuyanjana kwa mankhwala)

Ngati mukumwa metformin ndipo mukumwa mankhwala ena chifukwa cha vuto lina, ndikofunikira kuuza dokotala wanu. Mankhwala ena amatha kuyanjana ndi metformin ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo cha lactic acidosis. Mankhwala ena angayambitsenso shuga wotsika m'magazi (hypoglycemia). Onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa (kuphatikizapo mavitamini, zowonjezera, ndi mankhwala azitsamba).

Ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Mukatenga metformin, muyenera kupita kuzipatala nthawi zomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Mwanjira imeneyi, iye akhoza kuona ngati mankhwalawo akugwira ntchito, ngati mlingo wake ukufunika kusinthidwa, komanso ngati pali zotsatirapo zina.

Komanso, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu pazochitika zotsatirazi:

• Ngati zotsatirapo zake zikukuvutitsani kapena zikuvuta kuzipirira.
• Ngati mukuona kuti matenda anu a shuga kapena PCOS sakulamuliridwa bwino ndi mankhwala.
• Ngati mukuona kuti muyenera kusiya kumwa mankhwala pazifukwa zilizonse, musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo popanda kufunsa dokotala wanu.

Metformin ndi mankhwala otetezeka komanso ogwira mtima omwe akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwa zaka zambiri, afufuzidwa bwino, ndipo amaloledwa bwino. Choncho musaope kufunsa mafunso. Khalani omasuka kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za mafunso kapena nkhawa zomwe mungakhale nazo. Iye nthawi zonse amakhala wokonzeka kukuthandizani.