Ngati ndinu munthu amene akuyembekeza kukhala ndi ana, makamaka ngati mukulandira chithandizo cha kusabereka, muyenera kuti munamvapo mawu akuti 'Blastocyst' kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu. Mawu amenewa nthawi zambiri amamveka, makamaka akamalankhula za mankhwala monga IVF. Mukamva izi, zingawoneke ngati zasayansi komanso zovuta kwa inu. Koma musachite mantha. Mwachidule, ichi ndi chiyambi chaching'ono, koma chofunikira kwambiri cha chiyembekezo chanu. Lero, tikambirana mwachidule komanso mwaubwenzi za Blastocyst iyi, zomwe imachita, komanso kufunika kwake pa mimba.

Mwachidule, kodi Blastocyst ndi chiyani?

Tangoganizirani, dzira la mkazi wathanzi likapatsidwa umuna ndi umuna wa mwamuna wathanzi, selo loyamba lomwe limapangidwa limatchedwa zygote. Selo limenelo limayamba kugawikana mofulumira. Limodzi limakhala awiri, awiri amakhala anayi, ndi zina zotero, kupanga kapangidwe kakang'ono konga mpira kotchedwa blastocyst .

Mwachidule, blastocyst ndi gawo loyambirira la mwana wosabadwayo . Imachitika patatha masiku asanu kapena asanu ndi limodzi umuna utapanga dzira. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa nthawi ya mimba. Apa ndi pamene maselowa amalumikizana ndi khoma la chiberekero. Timatcha izi kuti implantation.

Gawo la Blastocyst ili ndi lofunika kwambiri pa IVF (In Vitro Fertilization) chifukwa madokotala amatha kusankha Blastocyst yathanzi komanso yokhwima kwambiri ndikuyiyika m'chiberekero cha mayi. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi pakati bwino.

Kodi njira yopezera mwana imachitika bwanji?

Kuti timvetse bwino kufunika kwa blastocyst, ndikofunikira kukhala ndi lingaliro laling'ono la njira yonse yopezera mwana. Tiyeni tiwone momwe ulendo wodabwitsawu umachitikira pang'onopang'ono.

1. Kutulutsa mazira: Kawirikawiri patatha masiku 14 kuchokera pamene mkazi wayamba kusamba mwezi uliwonse, dzira lokhwima (dzira) limatuluka kuchokera ku imodzi mwa mazira ake. Dzira limeneli limayenda pansi pa thireyi ya mazira ndipo limayembekezera kuti umuna ubereke.

2. Kubereka mwana: Ngati kugonana kukuchitika panthawiyi, umuna ukhoza kukumana ndi dzira mu chubu cha mazira ndikulumikizana nalo. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kubereka mwana.

3. Kapangidwe ka Zygote: Timatcha dzira loberekedwa kuti 'zygote'. Ili ndi selo loyamba lomwe limaphatikiza majini a amayi ndi abambo.

4. Ulendo Wopita ku Gawo la Blastocyst:Chigoba ichi chimayenda pansi pa chubu cha mazira kupita ku chiberekero kwa masiku atatu kapena asanu. Sichimangokhala pamenepo, chimapitirizabe kugawikana. Maselo awiri, anayi, asanu ndi atatu ... amagawikana mofulumira ndipo amakhala mpira wawung'ono wokhala ndi maselo mazana ambiri ndi dzenje mkati. Ndicho chimene timachitcha Blastocyst .

5. Kuika mazira m'chiberekero: Pambuyo pofika m'chiberekero, blastocyst imakhala pamenepo kwa masiku angapo ndipo imadziphatika yokha ku khoma lamkati la chiberekero (endometrium). Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha 'kuika mazira'.

6. Mluza ndi Mwana Wosabadwa: Pambuyo poikidwa m'chiberekero, maselowa amapitiriza kugawikana ndikukula kukhala mluza. Pakatha milungu pafupifupi 9, mluza uwu umakula kwambiri ndipo umakhala mluza, womwe ndi mawonekedwe onse a khanda monga momwe timadziwira.

Kodi ntchito ya blastocyst ndi yotani? N’chifukwa chiyani izi n’zofunika kwambiri?

Gawo la blastocyst ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso losapeweka pakukula kwa mwana wosabadwayo komanso mwana wosabadwayo. Chifukwa chosavuta n'chakuti ngati blastocyst siimangika bwino pakhoma la chiberekero, mimba sidzachitika.

Kuikidwa kumeneku kumachitika kudzera mu njira yozizwitsa. Motsogozedwa ndi mahomoni m'matupi athu, blastocyst imadutsa mu njira yotchedwa "kuswa." Monga momwe mwana wa ng'ombe amaswa kuchokera ku dzira, blastocyst imaswa kudzera mu nembanemba yake yopyapyala yakunja (zona pellucida). Izi zimachitika mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena atatu kuchokera pamene yalowa m'chiberekero.

Kenako ntchito yeniyeni imachitika. Pali zigawo ziwiri za maselo mu blastocyst.

• Trophoblast: Maselo amenewa ndi oyamba kulumikizidwa ku khoma la chiberekero. Amachita izi popanga puloteni yomata (L-selectin), yomwe ili ngati guluu. Maselo amenewa pambuyo pake amapanga placenta . Placenta ndi chiwalo chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapereka mpweya ndi michere kwa mwana ndikuchotsa zinyalala kuchokera kwa mwana.
• Maselo amkati: Maselo amenewa pambuyo pake amakula kukhala mwana wosabadwayo .

Maselo ena mu placenta amasonkhana pamodzi kuti apange amniotic sac, thumba loteteza la madzi omwe amazungulira khanda.

Kodi zizindikiro za kuikidwa kwa blastocyst ndi ziti?

Anthu ambiri saona zizindikiro zilizonse panthawiyi. Koma anthu ena, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, akhoza kuona zizindikiro zina. Izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba chakuti muli ndi pakati. Koma si aliyense amene amaona zizindikirozi, ndipo kukhala ndi zizindikirozi sikutanthauza kuti muli ndi pakati. Choncho nthawi zonse ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu.

Kodi Blastocyst ingayambitse kupititsa padera?

Nkhani imeneyi ndi yovuta kukambirana, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa. Inde, blastocyst imatha kutaya mimba kapena kulephera kuiika bwino. Ndipotu, pafupifupi 75% ya mimba zoyambirira zimachitika chifukwa blastocyst siimaika bwino bwino.

N’chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kusokonekera kwa chromosome.Maselo a blastocyst akagawikana, nthawi zina pamakhala mavuto ndi ma chromosome. Mwachitsanzo, pakhoza kukhala chromosome yowonjezera, chromosome yosowa, kapena gawo la chromosome lingasweke.

Ngati kuyika mimba sikunayende bwino mwanjira imeneyi, mimba ingayambe koma imatha msanga kwambiri (pafupifupi milungu 5). Izi ndi zomwe timatcha "mankhwala ochepetsa mimba." Pokhapokha ngati msambo wanu wachedwa kapena mwatenga mayeso a mimba, simungadziwe kuti izi zachitika.

Kawirikawiri, blastocyst yokhala ndi vuto la chromosome imatha kukhazikika ndipo mimba imatha kupitirira. Zikatero, pali chiopsezo chakuti mwana adzakhala ndi matenda monga Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, kapena Turner syndrome.

Kodi pali njira yodziwira mavuto a chromosome awa pasadakhale panthawi ya IVF?

Inde, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa mankhwala amakono, pali njira yothetsera vutoli. Pa nthawi ya chithandizo cha IVF, blastocyst isanalowe m'chiberekero, maselo angapo amatha kutengedwa kuchokera mmenemo ndikuyesedwa ngati ali ndi mavuto a chromosome.

Mayeso amenewa amatchedwa Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) .

Ndi mayeso awa, madokotala amatha kusankha blastocyst yathanzi ya chromosome kuti iikidwe mu chiberekero. Chifukwa chake,

• Mwayi woti mimba iyende bwino umawonjezeka.
• Chiwopsezo cha kutaya mimba msanga chimachepa.
• Zingachepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi mwana wokhala ndi vuto la chromosomal.

Kwa munthu amene ali ndi pakati mwachibadwa, mayeso amenewa amatha kuchitika patatha milungu 9 kapena 10 kuchokera pamene ali ndi pakati.

Kodi chiopsezo cha matenda osachiritsika a chromosome chingachepe?

Mwatsoka, zinthu zina zomwe zingatibweretsere mavuto sizingathe kulamulira.

• Kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 35.
• Kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la matenda a chromosome.
• Kukhala ndi mimba yolakwika kapena kukhala ndi mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la chromosome.

Ngati muli ndi zinthu zoopsa izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu komanso mlangizi wa majini mukamakonzekera kukhala ndi mwana.

Komabe, pali zinthu zina zomwe tingathe kuzilamulira. Mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi musanayambe komanso mutatha kutenga mimba, tingachepetse chiopsezo cha kuvulala kwa mwana wosabadwayo.

• Pewani kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa.
• Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mowa kotheratu.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi.
• Imwani mavitamini ofunikira monga momwe dokotala wanu walangizira.

Blastocyst ndi chiyambi chofunikira kwambiri cha mimba yabwino. Ngati sichikukula bwino ndikukhazikika m'chiberekero, mimba sidzachitika. Ngati mukumva kupweteka pang'ono kapena kupweteka kumayambiriro kwa mimba, musachite mantha kapena kunyalanyaza, koma pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kuti akupatseni upangiri. Iye akhoza kukuyang'anirani ndikutsimikiza kuti zonse zikuyenda bwino.