Tonse tamva za poizoni wa chakudya, eti? Nthawi zina timadwala chifukwa chodya chakudya cham'chitini kapena chakudya chosaphikidwa bwino. Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti zinthuzi zingayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri, ngakhale oopsa? Lero tikulankhula za matenda osowa kwambiri, koma ofunikira kwambiri omwe tiyenera kuwadziwa. Ndi botulism.
Mwachidule, kodi botulism ndi chiyani?
Botulism ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri, koma osowa kwambiri. Amayambitsidwa ndi bakiteriya yotchedwa `Clostridium botulinum` . Bakiteriyayi imapanga poizoni wamphamvu kwambiri, kutanthauza , poizoni . Poizoniyu amaukira dongosolo la mitsempha la thupi lathu. Poizoniyu amagwira ntchito ngati 'amafupikitsa' 'njira yolumikizirana' m'thupi lathu. Zotsatira zake, minofu yathu imayamba kutaya mphamvu, kutanthauza kuti, kufooka. Ngati sitilandira chithandizo pasadakhale, izi zitha kukhala zoopsa.
Kawirikawiri timalankhula za mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya botulism:
1. Botulism yochokera ku chakudya: Iyi ndi njira yofala kwambiri. Matendawa amapezeka mukadya chakudya chodetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya otchedwa `Clostridium botulinum`. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka ndi zakudya zophikidwa m'zitini kunyumba zomwe sizinayeretsedwe bwino.
2. Botulism ya pachilonda: Mtundu uwu umachitika pamene mabakiteriyawa alowa pachilonda m'thupi lanu ndikuyamba kupanga poizoni mkati mwa chilonda.
3. Botulism ya makanda: Iyi ndi mtundu wa botulism womwe umakhudza makanda osakwana chaka chimodzi. Ngati mwana adya chinthu chomwe chili ndi tinthu ta mabakiteriya awa, monga uchi, tinthu ta mabakiteriya tingakule n’kukhala mabakiteriya m’matumbo a mwana ndikupanga poizoni.
Kupatula izi, palinso mitundu ina yambiri, koma ndi yosowa kwambiri.
Kodi zizindikiro za vutoli loopsa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za botulism zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera momwe poizoniyo adalowera m'thupi. Komabe, kawirikawiri, izi ndi zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, kotero muyenera kuziyang'anira.
Zizindikiro za botulism yochokera ku chakudya
Zizindikiro zimatha kuyamba maola angapo mutadya chakudya chodetsedwa, kapena nthawi zina zimatha milungu iwiri.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti zizindikirozi zifalikire kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi pa thupi. Ndipo zimakhudza mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi mofanana. Koma palibe dzanzi, kufooka kwa minofu kokha.
Tiyeni timvetse bwino zizindikiro izi kuchokera pa tebulo ili m'munsimu.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro zoyambirira | Zinthu monga kupweteka m'mimba, nseru kapena kusanza, komanso kudzimbidwa. |
| Kuona zinthu molakwika/kuona zinthu ziwiri | Kufooka kwa minofu ya maso kungapangitse diso kuona zinthu ziwiri zomwezo. |
| Chikope chofooka (Ptosis) | Minofu yomwe imalamulira maso ndi yofooka, ndipo maso amayesa kutseka, ngati kuti akugona. |
| Kuvuta kulankhula (Dysarthria) | Chifukwa minofu ya lilime ndi pakamwa ndi yofooka, mawu amakhala osamveka bwino ndipo n'zosatheka kulankhula bwino. |
| Kuvuta kumeza (Dysphagia) | Minofu yofooka ya pakhosi imapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kumeza ngakhale malovu ochepa. |
| Kufooka kwa minofu ya nkhope | Nkhopeyo singathe kusonyeza malingaliro aliwonse, imakhalabe momwemo. |
| Matendawa akakula kwambiri | |
| Kuvuta kupuma (Dyspnea) | Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa kwambiri. Minofu yomwe ili pachifuwa ndi m'mimba yomwe imakuthandizani kupuma imataya ntchito yake. |
| Kudzimbidwa | Kugwira ntchito kwa matumbo kumasiya ndipo chopondapo sichingathe kutuluka. |
| Kufooka kwakukulu m'miyendo | Minofu ya m'manja ndi m'miyendo imafooka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuyenda kapena kukweza mkono. |
Kusiyana kwa botulism yobadwa ndi mabala
Izi zikuphatikizaponso zizindikiro za mitsempha zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, koma pali kusiyana pang'ono.
- Poyamba, palibe vuto la m'mimba chifukwa poizoniyo amapangidwa mkati mwa bala, osati m'mimba.
- Malungo angayambe. Malungo angayambe chifukwa cha matenda omwe ali pachilonda.
- Zizindikiro zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ziwonekere, nthawi zambiri sabata imodzi kapena zitatu.
Chofunika Kwambiri: Botulism ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Koma ngati inu kapena mwana amene mukusamalira ali ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikirozi, chitani ngati vuto lachipatala. Pitani ku chipinda chapafupi chadzidzidzi (ETU) nthawi yomweyo. Musazengereze.
Kodi mabakiteriya amenewa amalowa bwanji m'thupi mwathu?
Ma spores a bakiteriya wotchedwa Clostridium botulinum amapezeka m'nthaka padziko lonse lapansi. Ma spores amenewa ndi olimba kwambiri. Koma akapeza malo abwino,:
- Malo okhala ndi mpweya wochepa kapena opanda mpweya (monga mkati mwa chitini kapena botolo)
- Malo okhala ndi asidi wochepa
- Malo okhala ndi shuga kapena mchere wochepa
- Ngati yasungidwa kutentha kotentha kuposa kutentha komwe kwatchulidwa
...Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti timasandukanso mabakiteriya, timakula, ndipo timayamba kupanga poizoni woopsa uja.
Zakudya Zochokera Kunja: Chiwopsezochi chimapezeka ngati ma pickles, jamu, ndi sosi zopangidwa kunyumba sizisamalidwe bwino ndipo siziphikidwa pa kutentha koyenera. Izi nthawi zina zingachitike ndi zakudya zogulidwa m'zitini m'sitolo. Ngati chidebecho chikuwoneka chotupa kapena chotupa, chikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha ntchito ya mabakiteriya.
Mabala: Chilonda chilichonse chingayambitse mabakiteriya amenewa, omwe amapezeka m'nthaka. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe amabaya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chingachitikenso chifukwa cha kuvulala koopsa, monga kuwombera mfuti.
Makanda: Popeza chitetezo cha m'thupi m'matumbo a ana osakwana chaka chimodzi sichinakule bwino, ngati tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili mu uchi tilowa m'thupi, timayamba kupanga poizoni m'matumbo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akuti ana osakwana chaka chimodzi sayenera kupatsidwa uchi.
Kodi matendawa amapezeka bwanji ndipo amachiritsidwa bwanji?
Mukapita kuchipatala, dokotala adzamvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu. Adzakufunsani mafunso okhudza zomwe mwadya posachedwapa, monga ngati mwadya chilichonse chomwe chili m'chitini. Kenako adzafufuza thupi lanu ndikukuyesani ubongo.
Kuyezetsa kwa labu n'kofunika kwambiri kuti kutsimikizire matendawa. Chimbudzi chanu, magazi, kapena masanzi anu adzayesedwa kuti aone ngati pali poizoni aliyense.
Dokotala wanu angafunenso kuyitanitsa mayeso monga CT scan kapena MRI scan kuti apeze matenda ena omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za botulism, monga sitiroko, meningitis, ndi Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Njira zochizira
Cholinga chachikulu chochiza botulism ndikuchotsa mwachangu poizoni m'thupi ndikuletsa zotsatira zake zoopsa.
- Botulinum antitoxin: Iyi ndi mankhwala akuluakulu. Ali ngati mankhwala oletsa poizoni. Amagwira ndikuletsa poizoni yemwe ali m'thupi.
- Chithandizo cha kupuma: Ngati minofu yopumira yalephera, wodwalayo sangathe kupuma yekha. Panthawiyo, amalumikizidwa ndi makina opumira (ventilator) kuti apulumutse moyo wake.
- Chithandizo cha bala: Ngati vutoli layamba chifukwa cha bala, bala lidzayeretsedwa bwino ndi opaleshoni, ndipo maantibayotiki adzaperekedwa kuti aphe mabakiteriya otsala, pomwe mankhwala oletsa poizoni adzaperekedwa.
- Chithandizo chapadera cha makanda: Chithandizo chapadera chotchedwa botulinum immune globulin (baby BIG) chimaperekedwa kwa makanda ang'onoang'ono.
Kuchira kungatenge miyezi ingapo, ndipo panthawiyi, muyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala apadera ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira odwala kwambiri m'chipatalacho.
Kodi sitingathe kudziteteza ku izi?
Inde n'zotheka! Botulism ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kupewedwa. Tiyenera kusamala kwambiri, makamaka pankhani ya chakudya.
| Njira yopewera | Zoyenera kuchita |
|---|---|
| Chitetezo cha chakudya | |
| Kusunga chakudya | Ikani chakudya chophikidwa mufiriji mkati mwa maola awiri. Kuchisiya kungayambitse kukula kwa mabakiteriya. |
| Kuphika bwino | Mabakiteriya amatha kuphedwa potenthetsa kutentha kopitirira madigiri 100 Celsius (100°C) kwa mphindi 10. |
| Chakudya cha m'zitini | Tayani zitini zotupa kapena zotupa mkati. Ngati zikununkha moyipa mutatsegula, musadye. |
| Kusunga chakudya kunyumba | Ngati mukuika chakudya m'zitini kapena m'mabotolo kunyumba, tsatirani njira zoyenera zoyeretsera. Pogwiritsa ntchito chophikira chopopera, kuwiritsa ndi nthunzi pa madigiri 121 Celsius (250°F) kwa mphindi 30 ndikwabwino. |
| Chitetezo ku kuvulala | |
| Kusamalira mabala | Tsukani bala lililonse bwino ndi sopo ndipo lisungeni loyera. Ngati bala silikuchira patatha masiku ochepa ndipo likuyamba kuoneka ngati layamba kutupa, funsani dokotala nthawi yomweyo. |
| Zina | Pewani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mosaloledwa. Ngati mukumwa jakisoni wa poizoni wa Botulinum kuti muwoneke bwino, perekani jakisoniyo ndi dokotala wovomerezeka komanso wovomerezeka. |
Ngakhale kuti botulism ndi chinthu choopsa, tingakhale otetezeka kwambiri podziwa izi komanso kusamala. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kusamala pophika ndi kusunga chakudya. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira pang'ono pa izi, musazengereze kupita kwa dokotala. Chifukwa chithandizo choyambirira chingapulumutse moyo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Botulism ndi matenda oopsa omwe amakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje lomwe limayambitsidwa ndi poizoni wopangidwa ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Clostridium botulinum.
- Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kuwona zinthu ziwiri, kuvutika kulankhula ndi kumeza, zikope zopindika, komanso kuvutika kupuma.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, ndi vuto lachipatala. Pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pachipatala (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
- Pewani kudya zakudya zophikidwa kunyumba, zitini zotupa, ndi zakudya zomwe zili ndi fungo loipa. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuphika chakudya bwino.
- Pewani kupereka uchi kwa makanda osakwana chaka chimodzi pazifukwa zilizonse.
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