Muyenera kuti mwamva nkhani zambiri monga "Ngati mudya chinthu chimenecho, mudzakhala ndi khansa", "Ngati mukhudza ichi, mudzakhala ndi khansa". Nthawi zina simungathe kudziwa ngati izi ndi zoona kapena zabodza. Koma kwenikweni, pali zinthu zomwe zimatizungulira, m'zinthu zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito, komanso m'zinthu zomwe timadya ndi kumwa zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa. Zimenezo ndi zinthu zomwe timazitcha "zoyambitsa khansa" mu mankhwala. Tiyeni tidziwe bwino za izi lero. Musachite mantha, kudziwa izi ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri yodzitetezera ku khansa.
Mwachidule, kodi izi zimayambitsa khansa ndi chiyani?
Mwachidule, khansa ndi chilichonse chomwe chimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa m'thupi lathu. Ikhoza kukhala chinthu monga chinthu, kuwala, kapena kachilombo. Pakadali pano, asayansi apeza mitundu yoposa 100 ya khansa.
Taganizirani za zinthu zoyambitsa khansa izi ngati mabwenzi oipa omwe amapatsa maselo a thupi lathu njira yolakwika. Akalowa m'thupi lathu, amapereka malangizo olakwika ku maselo athanzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agawikane mosalamulirika. Umu ndi momwe chotupa cha khansa kapena leukemia zimayambira.
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti si aliyense amene ali ndi khansa amene adzadwala khansa, koma zimenezi zimawonjezera chiopsezo.
Kodi zinthu zimenezi zimayambitsa bwanji khansa m'thupi?
Kuti timvetse izi, tiyenera kudziwa pang'ono za majini a thupi lathu.
Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu ndi makina ovuta kwambiri. Pali buku lomwe lili ndi malangizo onse oti makinawa agwire ntchito. Bukuli timalitcha kuti DNA . DNA iyi ili mkati mwa majini athu. Buku la DNA ili lili ndi malangizo onse a momwe maselo athu ayenera kukhalira, nthawi yoti agawikane, komanso nthawi yoti asiye.
Kachilombo ka khansa kakalowa m'thupi, kamawononga buku la malangizo lotchedwa DNA. Zili ngati kung'amba masamba a buku ndikulemba zinthu zolakwika.
- Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zimapita mwachindunji ku DNA ndikuwononga.
- Nthawi zina, njira za thupi lathu zokonzera kuwonongeka kwa DNA zimafooka chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa.
Pamene DNA yawonongeka mwanjira ina, ndiko kuti, pamene zolakwika zalembedwa m'buku la malangizo, kusintha (kusintha) kwa majini kumachitika. Chifukwa cha malangizo olakwika awa, maselo amalandira malamulo monga "gawaniza mwachangu, musasiye." Pamenepo ndi pamene maselo amayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika ndikupanga zotupa za khansa.
Izi sizichitika pakatha tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Ma carcinogens amasonkhana m'matupi athu pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zimatenga zaka zambiri kuti ziwononge izi.
Kodi tingalowetse bwanji zinthu zoyambitsa khansa m'thupi lathu?
Timakhala ndi zinthu zoyambitsa khansa m'miyoyo yathu ya tsiku ndi tsiku mosadziwa. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zingakhalire.
- Chifukwa cha makhalidwe athu:Kusuta fodya (ndudu, beedis, ndudu, kutafuna fodya) ndi kumwa mowa ndi zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu.
- Kuchokera kuntchito: Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ena, m'mafamu, ndi m'malo omanga akhoza kuyambitsa khansa.
- Matenda opatsirana ndi mavairasi: Mavairasi ena, monga kachilombo ka papilloma ka munthu (HPV), angayambitse khansa.
Komabe, chiopsezo chotenga khansa chifukwa chokhudzidwa ndi khansa chimadalira zinthu zingapo.
- Nthawi yomwe mudakumana nayo: Mwachitsanzo, chiopsezo cha munthu amene wakhala akusuta fodya kwa zaka zambiri ndi chachikulu kwambiri kuposa cha munthu amene sanasutepo fodya.
- Kuchuluka kwa mowa womwe umalowa m'thupi: Chiwopsezo cha munthu amene amamwa botolo la mowa patsiku ndi chachikulu kuposa munthu amene amamwa pang'ono mwachisawawa.
- Zotsatira za majini: Anthu ena ali ndi mbiri ya banja lawo ya khansa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwina ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumawonjezera chiopsezo chawo cha khansa. Ngati munthu wotereyu ali pachiwopsezo cha khansa, chiopsezo chawo chimakhala chachikulu kuposa cha ena.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ndi iti?
Bungwe la International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) lagawa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu.
1. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa: Izi zikuphatikizapo mitundu ya ma radiation. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ma radiation a ultraviolet ochokera ku dzuwa ndi ma radiation a ayoni ochokera ku mayeso azachipatala monga ma X-ray.
2. Mankhwala oyambitsa khansa: Awa ndi omwe timakhala nawo kwambiri pa moyo wathu watsiku ndi tsiku. Zitsanzo ndi monga asbestos, mankhwala omwe amapezeka mu fodya, mowa, aflatoxin, bowa womwe umamera mu zakudya zina, ndi arsenic, yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe m'madzi ndi m'nthaka.
3. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa m'thupi: Izi ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi, mabakiteriya, kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa pakati pathu
Tiyeni tsopano tiwone zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi miyoyo yathu ndipo zomwe tiyenera kuzidziwa. Izi zidzakhala zosavuta kuti mumvetse mu tebulo.
| Matenda a khansa | Kufotokozera ndi khansa yogwirizana nayo |
|---|---|
| Mowa | Mukamwa mowa wambiri, chiopsezo chanu cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa chimawonjezeka, kuphatikizapo khansa ya mutu ndi khosi, khansa ya chiwindi, ndi khansa ya m'mero chimawonjezeka. |
| Fodya | Ndudu, beedis, ndudu, fodya wopanda utsi (mawa, babul) komanso kusuta fodya wosuta ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuphatikiza apo, imayambitsa khansa zambiri monga khansa ya mkamwa ndi khansa ya pakhosi. |
| Ma radiation a UV padzuwa | Ichi ndi chinthu choyenera kudziwa mukakhala m'dziko lowala ngati lathu. Kumwa dzuwa kwambiri kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya pakhungu. |
| Nyama yokonzedwa | Kudya nyama zomwe zapakidwa mchere, kusuta, kapena kusungidwa mwanjira ina (monga soseji, nyama yankhumba, nyama yankhumba) nthawi zambiri kungapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'matumbo. |
| Asbesto | Inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chinthu chotetezera kutentha m'nyumba zakale komanso padenga. Kupuma ulusi wake wabwino kungayambitse khansa ya m'mapapo yoopsa komanso khansa ina ya m'mapapo, mtundu wa khansa ya m'mapapo. |
| Radoni | Uwu ndi mpweya womwe ulibe fungo kapena mtundu. Mpweya uwu umapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nthaka ndi miyala, ndipo nthawi zina ukhoza kusonkhana mkati mwa nyumba. Umaonedwa kuti ndi chifukwa chachiwiri chachikulu cha khansa ya m'mapapo pambuyo pa kusuta fodya. |
Kodi tingatani kuti tidziteteze ku zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa?
Zonsezi zingamveke zoopsa, koma chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti titha kuchitapo kanthu kuti tidziteteze ku zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zomwe tingathe kuziletsa.
Kumbukirani, zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa zimagwirizana ndi zizolowezi zathu za moyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti tikhoza kusintha zizolowezi zimenezo tokha.
- Pewani fodya kotheratu: Ngati mukusuta, funani thandizo kuti musiye. Pewani ngakhale kusuta fodya kwa anthu ena.
- Siyani kumwa mowa kapena kuchepetsa kumwa: Ndi bwino kusiya kumwa mowa wonse. Ngati sizingatheke, chepetsani kumwa mowa pang'ono.
- Dzitetezeni ku dzuwa: Pewani kukhala padzuwa, makamaka pakati pa 10 koloko m'mawa ndi 4 koloko madzulo. Ngati mutuluka panja, gwiritsani ntchito ambulera ndi chipewa. Kupaka mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa n'kofunika kwambiri.
- Idyani zakudya zabwino: Chepetsani kudya nyama yokonzedwa kale ndipo idyani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi tirigu wambiri.
- Katemera: Pali katemera woteteza ku mavairasi omwe amayambitsa khansa. Mwachitsanzo, mutha katemera wa HPV, womwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya pachibelekero, komanso wa Hepatitis B, womwe ungayambitse khansa ya pachiwindi.
- Samalani chitetezo kuntchito: Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, gwiritsani ntchito zida zodzitetezera zoyenera (chophimba nkhope, magolovesi) moyenera.
Kodi ndiyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanga za chiopsezo cha khansa yanga?
Inde, ndithudi. Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena nkhawa iliyonse pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wa banja lanu kapena dokotala za izi.
Makamaka,
- Ngati mumasuta kapena kumwa mowa pafupipafupi.
- Ngati wina m'banja mwanu wakhala ndi khansa (phunzirani za chiopsezo chobadwa nacho).
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti ntchito yanu ikukuwonetsani kuti muyambe kudwala matenda a carcinogen.
Dokotala wanu adzaganizira za thanzi lanu lonse ndi moyo wanu, adzakufotokozerani zoopsa zanu, ndipo ngati pakufunika kutero, adzakulangizani za mayeso oyezetsa khansa.
Chidziwitso ndi mphamvu. Mukadziwa za zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa komanso kuchitapo kanthu kuti mudziteteze ku zimenezi, mudzatha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi. Ndipo mudzatha kukhala popanda mantha osafunikira.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Kansa ndi chinthu chomwe chimawonjezera chiopsezo chotenga khansa, koma kuipeza sikutanthauza kuti khansa iyamba.
- Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chathu chachikulu cha khansa ndi fodya ndi mowa. Izi ndi zinthu zomwe tingathe kuziletsa.
- Chiwopsezochi chingachepe kwambiri mwa kudziteteza ku dzuwa, kudya zakudya zabwino, komanso kulandira katemera wofunikira.
- Ngati muli ndi nkhawa kapena mantha okhudza chiopsezo chanu cha khansa, onetsetsani kuti mwalankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
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