Matenda oopsa obwera pafupipafupi: Kodi tiyenera kudziwa za matenda osowa awa (Chronic Granulomatous Disease - CGD)?

Kodi mwana wanu amadwala nthawi zonse? Matenda ena akachira, wina amadza. Kodi nthawi zina amadwala matenda aakulu pakhungu, m'mapapo, kapena ngakhale m'thupi? Makolo ambiri amada nkhawa ndi mavuto otere. Lero tikambirana za matenda osowa koma ofunika kwambiri omwe angayambitse matenda otere. Timatcha matenda oterewa Chronic Granulomatous Disease, kapena CGD mwachidule pakati pa madokotala.

Mwachidule, kodi CGD ndi chiyani?

Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyeni tikambirane pang'ono za chitetezo cha thupi lathu. Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu lili ngati dziko. Lili ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe lingathe kuliteteza ku adani akunja (majeremusi). Umenewo ndi chitetezo chathu cha mthupi. Gawo lapadera la gulu lankhondoli limatchedwa maselo oyera amagazi .

Tsopano, izi ndi zomwe zimachitika kwa munthu amene ali ndi CGD. Pali gulu lapadera la maselo oyera a m'magazi otchedwa asilikali, mwachitsanzo, `(neutrophils)`, `(monocytes)`, `(macrophages)` ndi `(eosinophils)`. Ntchito yaikulu ya maselo amenewa ndikupeza mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya ndi bowa omwe amalowa m'thupi, kuwagwira, ndikuwawononga.

Koma mwa munthu amene ali ndi CGD, asilikali apaderawa, kapena maselo oyera amagazi, sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito zida zawo moyenera. Sangathe kupanga enzyme yapadera yomwe amafunikira kuti aphe majeremusi amenewo. Zili ngati kukhala ndi mfuti koma opanda zipolopolo. Ndiye chimachitika n’chiyani? Chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimagonjetsedwa, sichingathe kulimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa ena omwe amalowa m’thupi.

Matendawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka pakhungu, m'mapapo, m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, ndi m'chiwindi . Amakhalanso ndi mwayi waukulu wopanga ziphuphu , zomwe ndi ziphuphu zodzaza ndi mafinya mkati mwa ziwalo za thupi.

Imeneyi si matenda ofala kwambiri. Pafupifupi munthu m'modzi pa anthu awiri ndi theka padziko lonse lapansi amadwala matendawa. Komanso, zapezeka kuti anyamata ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wodwala matendawa .

Kodi munthu amene ali ndi CGD amasonyeza zizindikiro zotani?

Zizindikiro za CGD nthawi zambiri zimayamba ali mwana. Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kuonekera pa msinkhu uliwonse. Chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amabwereranso ndi mabakiteriya ndi bowa.

Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro izi kuti timvetse mosavuta zomwe zili.

N’chifukwa chiyani CGD imeneyi imachitika? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Mwachidule, CGD ndi matenda a majini.Izi zikutanthauza kuti ichi ndi chinthu chomwe timalandira kuchokera kwa makolo athu. Ntchito iliyonse m'thupi lathu imayendetsedwa ndi zinthu zotchedwa majini. Maselo oyera omwe tidakambirana kale ali ndi 'malangizo' omwe amapanga ma enzyme ofunikira kuti aphe majeremusi.

Mu CGD, pali kusintha kwa majini m'modzi mwa majini asanu omwe ali ndi malangizo awa. Chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneku, maselo oyera amagazi sangapange enzyme, kapena ngati apanga, sagwira ntchito bwino. Zotsatira zake n'zakuti sangathe kulimbana ndi majeremusi.

CGD imagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri kutengera momwe vuto la majini limachitikira.

• CGD yolumikizidwa ndi X: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Imayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini (jini la `CYBB`) pa chromosome ya X. Amuna ali ndi chromosome imodzi ya X, pomwe akazi ali ndi ma chromosome awiri a X. Ichi ndichifukwa chake matendawa amapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata .
• Autosomal recessive CGD: Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini ena (`CYBA`, `NCF1`, `NCF2`, `CYBC1` kapena `NCF4`). Mtundu uwu ungakhudze amuna ndi akazi mofanana.

Kodi zoopsa ndi zovuta zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha matendawa ndi ziti?

Munthu amene ali ndi matenda a CGD amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu ngati wina m'banja mwake ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, matendawa amapezeka mwadzidzidzi, popanda mbiri ya banja.

Pali mavuto angapo omwe angachitike chifukwa cha CGD.

• Mavuto a m'mimba: Zilonda ndi kutupa m'matumbo zimatha kusokoneza kugaya chakudya.
• Matenda a m'matumbo: Mwachitsanzo, pali chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha matenda monga Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), yomwe ndi kutupa kosatha kwa matumbo.
• Mavuto a kukula: Ngati ana aang'ono ndi makanda ali ndi matendawa, kukula kwawo kwa thupi kungachedwe.
• Matenda ena: Kutengera mtundu wa vuto la majini lomwe limayambitsa CGD, anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda a mtima, matenda a impso, matenda a shuga, kapena matenda ena odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi CGD?

Dokotala wanu adzayamba wakufunsani inu ndi mwana wanu za zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri ya matenda a m'banja mwanu. Kenako, adzayitanitsa mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire kuti mwapezeka ndi matendawa.

• Kuyezetsa thupi: Dokotala amafufuza thupi mosamala ngati pali kutupa, matuza, ndi ma granuloma.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Pali kuyezetsa magazi kwapadera komwe kungathe kuzindikira matenda a CGD molondola. Izi zimatchedwa mayeso a DHR (dihydrorhodamine test) . Kuyezetsa kumeneku kumayesa kuthekera kwa maselo oyera amagazi kupha majeremusi.
• Kuyesa majini:Chitsanzo cha magazi kapena minofu chimatengedwa kuti chifufuze vuto lenileni la majini lomwe limayambitsa CGD. Izi zingathandizenso kudziwa mtundu weniweni wa matenda.

Kodi mankhwala a CGD ndi ati?

Ngakhale kuti CGD singathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, tsopano pali mankhwala ambiri abwino omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuteteza matenda akuluakulu, komanso kuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino.

Chithandizo ndi mankhwala

• Mankhwala Opha Mabakiteriya: Odwala ambiri a CGD adzafunika kumwa mankhwala opha mabakiteriya moyo wawo wonse kuti apewe matenda a bakiteriya ndikuchiza matenda omwe amayamba.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Bowa: Mankhwala monga `(itraconazole)` amagwiritsidwa ntchito popewa ndi kuchiza matenda a bowa.
• Jakisoni wa Interferon-gamma: Iyi ndi njira yopangidwa ndi mapuloteni opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi lathu. Jakisoni iyi imathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka ndi kuopsa kwa matenda.

Odwala ena, makamaka omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu, amatha kuikidwa maselo oyambira . Izi zimaphatikizapo kubaya maselo oyambira kuchokera kwa munthu wathanzi kupita m'thupi la wodwalayo, zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa maselo oyera amagazi omwe sagwira ntchito bwino ndi maselo athanzi. Komabe, iyi ndi njira yovuta komanso yowopsa, kotero madokotala amalimbikitsa kuigwiritsa ntchito potengera zinthu zambiri, monga msinkhu wa wodwalayo ndi thanzi lake.

Kodi tiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti tidziteteze ku matenda?

• Samalani ndi madzi: Pewani kusambira m'mitsinje, m'nyanja, ndi m'nyanja. Izi sizili ndi chlorine, kotero majeremusi omwe amayambitsa matenda amatha kulowa m'thupi lanu mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukusambira, gwiritsani ntchito dziwe lokhala ndi chlorine lokha .
• Samalirani munda wanu: Pewani kukhudza kapena kutayira pafupi ndi zinyalala za m'munda, milu ya manyowa, udzu wouma, ndi masamba ouma. Bowa wina womwe umapezeka m'zimenezi ungayambitse chibayo chachikulu chomwe chingakhale choopsa ngati wodwala matenda a CGD atapumira. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kusamala kwambiri pa izi.

Zinthu zoti mudziwe zokhudza kukhala ndi matendawa

Kumva za matendawa kungakhale koopsa. Koma zoona zake n'zakuti, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kulankhulana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a CGD amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, wokangalika, komanso wachimwemwe. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuzindikira matenda ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo msanga, asanafike poipa kwambiri.

Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu mukudwala matenda osadziwika bwino nthawi zambiri, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ndipo mukambirane za izi.

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi matenda a CGD, dziwani kuti si vuto lanu. Ndi matenda a majini. Ndi upangiri woyenera wachipatala, mwana wanu ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo wautali komanso wachimwemwe. Chofunika ndikudziwa bwino za matendawa ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu mosamala.