Kodi mwana wanu akuchita zinthu mosasamala? Kodi akuswa malamulo? Tiyeni tikambirane za vuto la khalidwe!

Kodi mwana wanu samvera mawu anu? Kodi nthawi zonse amamenyana? Kodi amazunza ana ena, mwina ngakhale nyama? Nthawi zina mungaganize kuti, 'Kodi vuto ndi chiyani ndi mwana uyu? N’chifukwa chiyani akuchita zinthu zoipa chonchi?' Ndipotu, ngati khalidwe lamtunduwu lipitirira kwa miyezi ingapo, si vuto wamba . Likhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda amisala otchedwa ''Conduct Disorder''. Tiyeni tikambirane izi mosavuta, m'njira yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi ichi ndi chiyani (Kusokonezeka kwa Makhalidwe)?

Mwachidule, "Matenda Ovuta" ndi matenda amisala omwe amatha kuoneka mwa ana ndi achinyamata (azaka zapakati pa 10 ndi 19). Pankhaniyi, chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti mwanayo nthawi zonse azichita zinthu mwankhanza osaganizira ena ndipo amachita zinthu zomwe zingawononge ubwino ndi ufulu wa ena. Komanso, ana awa nthawi zambiri amaswa malamulo kunyumba ndi kusukulu, ndipo sasamala za miyambo ya anthu.

Taganizirani izi ngati gulu la matenda a khalidwe. Mwina munamvapo za matenda otchedwa Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Pa vutoli, mwana samvera akuluakulu, amakangana pafupipafupi, ndipo mwadala amakwiyitsa ena. Nthawi zina, vuto limeneli limatha kukhala lalikulu kwambiri n’kukhala Matenda a Khalidwe.

Chinthu china chofunika ndichakuti ana omwe ali ndi "Matenda Olakwika" ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi matenda ena amisala. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kuvutika maganizo .
• Matenda a Kusazindikira/Kuthamanga Kwambiri (ADHD) .
• Mavuto a kuphunzira .

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa Matenda a Khalidwe ndi Matenda a Umunthu?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, kodi iyi ndi vuto la umunthu? Vuto la umunthu ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso lalikulu pa malingaliro a munthu, khalidwe lake, momwe akumvera, komanso ubale wake ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri, mavutowa amayamba ali achinyamata, pamene umunthu ukukulabe. Chifukwa chake, anthu opitirira zaka 18 nthawi zambiri amapezeka ndi vuto la umunthu.

Komabe, pali chinthu chimodzi chosiyana ndi ichi. Umenewo ndi matenda otchedwa `(Antisocial Personality Disorder - ASPD)`. Pafupifupi 80% ya anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli amatha kuyamba kusonyeza zizindikiro ali ndi zaka 11. Ndipotu, palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa `(Conduct Disorder)` yomwe imapezeka ali mwana ndi `(ASPD)` yomwe imapezeka ali wamkulu. Komabe, `(Conduct Disorder)` ndi matenda omwe amaperekedwa kwa ana. Ngati wamkulu akuwonetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda onsewa, mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo adzapereka matenda a `(ASPD)` m'malo mwa `(Conduct Disorder).

Ndani amadwala matenda a khalidwe?

Matendawa amakhudza ana ndi achinyamata. Nthawi zina amayamba ali ndi zaka 10, zomwe zimatchedwa "kuyamba msanga." Komabe, amapezeka kwambiri mwa achinyamata (pakati pa zaka 10 ndi 19).

Malinga ndi ziwerengero, vutoli limapezeka kwambiri mwa anyamata kuposa atsikana. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimayamba kuonekera pakati pa zaka 10-12 mwa anyamata ndi zaka 14-16 mwa atsikana.

Kodi vuto la khalidwe ndi lofala bwanji?

Malinga ndi ziwerengero ku United States, vutoli limakhudza ana ndi achinyamata pakati pa 2% ndi 10%. Mavuto ofanana amapezekanso m'dziko lathu, koma n'kovuta kupereka ziwerengero zenizeni.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a khalidwe ndi ziti?

Izi si chinthu chomwe chimachitika mwadzidzidzi. Makhalidwe okhudzana ndi ``Makhalidwe Olakwika`` amakula pang'onopang'ono mwa mwana. Ana awa ndi ouma khosi, ovuta kuwalamulira, ndipo samawoneka kuti amasamala za momwe ena akumvera.

Pali mitundu inayi yofunikira ya vuto la khalidwe :

1. Kukhala wankhanza kwa anthu ndi nyama komanso/kapena kuphwanya ufulu wa ena.

2. Kuonongeka kwa katundu.

3. Kunyenga, kunama ndi/kapena kuba.

4. Kuphwanya malamulo ndi malangizo kwakukulu.

Tsopano tiyeni tiwone khalidwe lililonse mwa izi mwatsatanetsatane.

1. Kuukira ena ndi nyama

Makhalidwe otsatirawa ndi awa:

• Kuzunza ana ena.
• Kumenyedwa mwakuthupi (mwina ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zida zakuthwa ).
• Nthawi zonse amakangana ndi mawu ndi kuopseza.
• Amakakamizidwa kuchita zachiwerewere.
• Amaimba mlandu ena chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo.
• Zinyama zimavulazidwa ndi kuzunzidwa.

Tangoganizirani, pali mwana wotchedwa 'Kasun' kusukulu. Nthawi zonse amamenya ana ena mkalasi, amawabera chakudya, komanso amawaseka. Nthawi zina amaponya miyala agalu mumsewu. Ngati apitiriza kuchita zinthu ngati izi, ndi chinthu chodetsa nkhawa nacho.

2. Kuonongeka kwa katundu

Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kuwotcha moto ndi dala.
• Kuwononga kapena kuwononga zinthu za anthu ena. Mwachitsanzo, kuswa madesiki ndi mipando ya sukulu, kapena kulemba zojambulajambula pamakoma.

3. Kunyenga, kunama ndi kuba

Makhalidwe awa ndi awa:

• Amanama nthawi zonse kuti apeze phindu kapena kuti apewe udindo.
• Amaba kwa anthu ena kapena m'masitolo.
• Amalowa m'nyumba ndi m'mabizinesi mozemba kuti akaba katundu.

4. Kuphwanya malamulo ndi malangizo kwakukulu

Zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa izi:

• Kuswa malamulo popanda chifukwa chomveka.
• Kusapita kusukulu ndi kusapita kusukulu.
• Kuthawa panyumba.
• Nthawi zonse amaswa malamulo omwe makolo awo adakhazikitsa.

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino za Matenda Okhudzana ndi Khalidwe

Kuwonjezera pa zinthu zofunika izi, mutha kuwona zinthu zina:

• Kugwiritsa ntchito mowa mopitirira muyeso ndi/kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Kuchita zinthu zogonana zoopsa pafupipafupi.
• Amakwiya msanga ndipo amakwiya.
• Sachita khama kubisa khalidwe lawo laukali.
• Sasonyeza chisoni chilichonse chifukwa cha zolakwa zawo.
• N'zovuta kupeza mabwenzi ndi kusunga mabwenzi.

Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti nthawi zina khalidwe louma mtima komanso losamvera limakhala lachibadwa paubwana ndi unyamata. Komabe, kuti zidziwike ngati "Matenda Ovuta", makhalidwe amenewa ayenera kukhala okhazikika, osokoneza ena, ndipo amachitika mobwerezabwereza.

Zizindikiro za Matenda a Khalidwe mwa Akuluakulu

Pamene ana omwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe akukula, angavutike kugwira ntchito kapena kusunga ubale. Angayambenso kuchita zinthu zosaloledwa kapena zoopsa. Monga tanenera kale, ngati munthu wamkulu ali ndi makhalidwe amenewa, angatchedwe kuti Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD).

Kodi zifukwa za vuto la khalidwe ndi ziti?

Tsopano mwina mukuganiza kuti, "N'chifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitikira mwana wanga?" N'zovuta kudziwa chifukwa chimodzi chokha. Ofufuza amati mwina ndi kuphatikiza kovuta kwa majini/zamoyo komanso zinthu zachilengedwe .

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini/zamoyo:

• Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyeza kuti makhalidwe ena okhudzana ndi "Makhalidwe Olakwika" (monga khalidwe losakonda anthu, kufunitsitsa, kupsa mtima msanga, nkhanza, kusamvera chilango) akhoza kutengera .
• Zapezeka kuti kuchuluka kwa mahomoni otchedwa ``Testosterone`` m'thupi kumalumikizidwa ndi kukwiya.
• Kuvulala kwa ubongo, khunyu, ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha kungayambitsenso khalidwe laukali.

Zinthu zokhudza makolo, banja komanso chilengedwe:

• Makolo a ana aang'ono omwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe labwino angakhale ndi vuto logwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kapena khalidwe loipa. Angakhalenso ndi matenda monga ADHD, matenda a maganizo, schizophrenia, kapena vuto la khalidwe loipa.
• Ngati panyumba pali chisokonezo, palibe woyang'anira woyenera, kapena pali mikangano ya makolo pafupipafupi , zingakhudze khalidwe la mwana. Izi zingayambitse "Kusokonezeka kwa Makhalidwe".
• Ana omwe nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi nkhanza zapakhomo amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi "Matenda Ovuta".
• Kukhala m'dziko losauka pa zachuma, kukhala ndi anthu ambiri m'banja, komanso kusowa ntchito kungayambitse mavuto azachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Izi zingapangitse makolo kukhala ovuta kusamalira ana awo moyenera. Mkhalidwewu ndi wofala kwambiri pakati pa ana omwe ali m'dziko losauka pa zachuma.
• Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo amapezeka mosavuta m'malo omwe mwana amakhala, ndipo ngati pali upandu wambiri , mwanayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga "Vuto la Khalidwe".

Koma kumbukirani izi: Ngakhale ana ochokera m'mabanja omwe amagwira ntchito bwino komanso athanzi amatha kukhala ndi "Matenda Ovuta." Choncho musaganize kuti, "Palibe vuto lililonse ndi banja langa, ndiye izi zinachitika bwanji?"

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji (Kusokonezeka kwa Khalidwe)?

Izi zitha kuzindikirika ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo yekha. Izi zikutanthauza "Katswiri wa zamaganizo" kapena "Katswiri wa zamaganizo". Amagwiritsa ntchito zofunikira kuchokera m'buku lotsogolera la `Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)` la American Psychiatric Association.

Malinga ndi mfundo zimenezo, mwana kapena wachinyamata ayenera kuti wasonyeza makhalidwe atatu kapena kuposerapo m'miyezi 12 yapitayi . Komanso, chimodzi mwa zizindikiro ziyenera kuti chinalipo m'miyezi 6 yapitayi :

• Kuukira anthu ndi/kapena nyama.
• Kuonongeka kwa katundu.
• Kunyenga, kunama, kapena kuba.
• Kuphwanya malamulo a makolo kwambiri.

Makhalidwe amenewa ayeneranso kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa ubale wa mwana, moyo wapakhomo, ntchito ya kusukulu, ndi/kapena ntchito (ngati ali mwana wamng'ono) .

Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa zizindikiro za Khalidwe Lolakwika, angafunike kutumizidwa kwa Katswiri wa Zamaganizo wa Ana ndi Achinyamata kapena Katswiri wa Zamaganizo wa Ana ndi Achinyamata. Akatswiriwa amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso ndi zida zowunikira zomwe zapangidwa mwapadera kuti aone ngati ali ndi vuto la maganizo.

Kawirikawiri, akatswiri a zamaganizo ndi amisala amapeza chidziwitso kuchokera kwa makolo a mwanayo, abale ake, anzake, ndi aphunzitsi kuti adziwe bwino khalidwe lake.

Kodi Matenda a Khalidwe Amachiritsidwa Bwanji?

Chithandizo chachikulu cha Matenda Okhudzana ndi Khalidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala amisala . Izi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi mwana, banja, komanso nthawi zina pagulu.

Zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira ndi izi:

• Maphunziro Oyang'anira Makolo: Izi zikuphatikizapo kuphunzitsa makolo a mwana momwe angalangire mwana wawo, kukhazikitsa malamulo okhazikika, kupereka mphoto ndi kulimbikitsa khalidwe labwino, komanso kuwongolera khalidwe loipa. Mwachidule, amawaphunzitsa momwe 'angayang'anire' mwana wawo.
• Chithandizo cha maganizo: Chithandizo cha maganizo ndi gulu la njira zochiritsira zomwe zimathandiza munthu kuzindikira ndikusintha malingaliro ake ovutitsa, malingaliro, ndi machitidwe. Pogwira ntchito ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo, mwanayo ndi banja lake amalandira chithandizo, maphunziro, ndi chitsogozo. Chithandizo cha maganizo cha matenda amisala nthawi zambiri chimayang'ana kwambiri moyo wabanja ndi moyo wa kusukulu, kuthandiza kukonza ubale wa m'banja, kupambana pamaphunziro, ndi khalidwe la mwana m'malo osiyanasiyana.
• Maphunziro Owongolera Mkwiyo: Cholinga cha izi ndikuchepetsa chilakolako chamaganizo ndi chakuthupi chomwe mwana amakumana nacho chifukwa cha mkwiyo. Popeza n'zosatheka kupewa anthu kapena zinthu zomwe zimamukwiyitsa, maphunzirowa amaphunzitsa mwanayo momwe angalamulire machitidwe ake.
• Chithandizo cha maganizo cha munthu payekha, monga chithandizo chamaganizo cha khalidwe (CBT): Chithandizo cha munthu payekha kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe chimayang'ana kwambiri pakukula kwa luso lotha kuthetsa mavuto, kuthetsa mikangano ndi kulimbitsa ubale, komanso kukulitsa luso lokana zinthu zoipa zomwe zingakhudze chilengedwe.
• Chithandizo Chochokera Kumudzi: Izi zikuphatikizapo masukulu ochiritsira ndi malo ochiritsira odwala. Izi zingapereke pulogalamu yokonzedwa bwino yochepetsera machitidwe osokoneza a mwana.

Madokotala nthawi zambiri sapereka mankhwala mwachindunji kwa matenda a Conduct Disorder. Komabe, popeza vutoli likhoza kutsagana ndi matenda ena amisala (monga ADHD, Depression), mwanayo angapindule ndi mankhwala othana ndi mavuto amenewo.

Kodi Kusokonezeka kwa Makhalidwe Kungathe Kupewedwa?

Monga momwe tikudziwira, palibe njira yeniyeni yopewera `(Matenda Ovuta)`. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, ngati chithandizo chiyamba mwamsanga zizindikiro zikaonekera , mavuto ambiri okhudzana ndi vutoli amatha kuchepetsedwa. Kufunafuna thandizo msanga kungachepetse kusokonezeka kwa moyo wa mwana, banja lake, komanso ubwenzi wake.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a Conduct Disorder ndi ziti?

Chiyembekezo cha vutoli chimadalira momwe limakulira msanga komanso ngati lachiritsidwa.

Kawirikawiri, makhalidwe osokoneza omwe amabwera chifukwa cha Matenda a Khalidwe amatha akakula. Komabe, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a milandu, makhalidwe amenewa amapitirirabe. Ambiri mwa milanduyi amakwaniritsa zofunikira za Matenda a Antisocial Personality (ASPD).

Kuyamba msanga kwa vutoli asanakwanitse zaka 10 kumakhudzana ndi kusawona bwino. Kumakhudzananso kwambiri ndi kulephera kwakukulu kwa kuchita bwino kusukulu.

Ana ena ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe labwino angakhalenso ndi matenda ena amisala. Zitsanzo zake ndi izi:

• Matenda a maganizo kapena nkhawa.
• Matenda a Somatic symptoms.
• Matenda a mowa ndi/kapena vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
• Matenda amisala oyambira akuluakulu.

Matenda monga kuvutika maganizo ndi matenda ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (bipolar disorder) amatha kuyamba paunyamata komanso akakula.Maganizo ofuna kudzipha angakhale vuto la matenda amenewa. Ngati mwana wanu akunena za kudzipha kapena akuopseza kudzipha, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi ndingasamalire bwanji mwana wanga yemwe ali ndi vuto la khalidwe?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi "Khalidwe Loipa," kuwonjezera pa kufunafuna thandizo la akatswiri, nazi njira zina zomwe mungadzithandizire nokha ndi mwana wanu:

• Dziwani za `(Matenda Ovuta)` ndipo dziwani za kafukufuku waposachedwa wokhudza mankhwala othandiza.
• Lankhulani ndi mlangizi wa zaumoyo wa maganizo . Ngati n'kotheka, pezani munthu wophunzitsidwa bwino kuzindikira ndi kuchiza matenda a khalidwe.
• Fufuzani njira zina zochiritsira zomwe zilipo. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chogwirizana ndi zosowa za mwana komanso chokhudza banja.
• Pezani gulu lothandizira banja kapena bungwe mdera lanu.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita liti kwa dokotala za vuto la mwana wanga (Matenda Ovuta)?

Ngati mwana wanu wapezeka ndi "Matenda Olakwika" ndipo khalidwe lake likuipiraipira, kapena likusokoneza moyo wa m'banja kapena ntchito ya kusukulu, lankhulani ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Chofunika kwambiri: Ngati mwana wanu akuwonetsa makhalidwe oopsa omwe angadzivulaze, kuvulaza ena, kapena nyama, funsani thandizo lachipatala nthawi yomweyo.

Ana osamvera komanso ankhanza angakhale vuto lalikulu kwa makolo. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina ana aang'ono ndi ana aang'ono amaonetsa khalidwe losamvera, khalidwe losalekeza, losokoneza, komanso lankhanza lingakhale chizindikiro cha "Kusokonezeka kwa Makhalidwe."

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyamba chithandizo cha Conduct Disorder msanga . Gawo loyamba la chithandizo ndikulankhula ndi dokotala kapena mlangizi wa zaumoyo wamaganizo . Musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

• Matenda a khalidwe ndi khalidwe lalikulu lomwe limapezeka mwa ana ndi achinyamata. Izi si zoipa wamba.
• Ngati zizindikiro monga nkhanza, kuswa lamulo, chinyengo, ndi kuwononga katundu zikupitirira , onetsetsani kuti mwapeza upangiri wa akatswiri .
• Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kwa majini, zamoyo, ndi zachilengedwe.
• Kuzindikira msanga ndi chithandizo choyenera (makamaka psychotherapy ndi maphunziro a makolo) kungathandize kwambiri mwana ndi banja lake.
• Simuli nokha. Musaope kupempha thandizo. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, vutoli lingathe kuthetsedwa.

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