"Matenda a shuga" ndi matenda ofala pakati pa anthu ambiri m'dziko lathu, ndipo ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri ali nawo. Mwina wina m'banja mwanu, mnzanu, kapena inu nokha muli ndi vutoli. Koma anthu ambiri sadziwa bwino izi. Ena sadziwa ngati ali ndi matenda a shuga. Kotero lero tikambirana za matenda awa, kapena omwe amadziwika kuti `(Diabetes Mellitus)`, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.
Kodi matenda a shuga ndi chiyani kwenikweni?
Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi vuto lomwe limachitika thupi lathu likapanga mahomoni otchedwa `Insulin` kapena likagwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe limapanga. Taganizirani izi motere: maselo m'thupi lathu ali ngati nyumba zazing'ono. Nyumbazi zimafunikira mphamvu, kapena "mafuta", kuti zigwire ntchito. Mafuta awa ndi "Glucose" kapena shuga, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku chakudya chomwe timadya. Koma kuti shuga uyu alowe m'nyumba zotchedwa maselo, amafunika kiyi yotchedwa "insulin".
Kiyi ya insulin iyi imapangidwa ndi chiwalo chotchedwa "Pancreas" m'mimba mwathu. Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa cha chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zifukwa izi:
- Pancreas yanu sipanga insulin konse .
- Pancreas imapanga insulin yochepa kwambiri .
- Thupi siliyankha bwino insulin. Timatcha izi kuti "Insulin Resistance." Zili ngati kukhala ndi kiyi koma loko yosweka pakhomo.
Pazifukwa izi, shuga sangalowe m'maselo ndipo m'malo mwake amasonkhana m'magazi. Apa ndi pamene shuga m'magazi amakwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi matenda a shuga.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe munthu amakhala nawo kwa moyo wake wonse. Koma musadandaule, n'zotheka kuwathetsa bwino ndikukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya matenda a shuga ndi iti?
Pali mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo ya matenda a shuga. Tiyeni timvetse bwino.
| Mtundu wa matenda a shuga | Mwachidule... | Ndani amene amakhudzidwa kwambiri? |
|---|---|---|
| Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu 1 | Chitetezo cha mthupi chimawononga maselo opanga insulin m'thupi. Zotsatira zake, thupi limataya insulin yonse. Gwero lawo lalikulu la insulin ndi jakisoni wakunja. | Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amapezeka ali ana kapena achinyamata (osakwana zaka 20), amatha kupezeka pa msinkhu uliwonse. |
| Matenda a Shuga a Mtundu Wachiwiri | Thupi limapanga insulin, koma kuchuluka kwake sikukwanira. Kapena maselo a thupi sayankha insulin imeneyo (Insulin Resistance). Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. | Kawirikawiri zimachitika mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 40 komanso onenepa kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kunenepa kwambiri, tsopano zikuchitikanso kwa achinyamata, ngakhale ana. |
| Matenda a shuga asanakwane | Shuga m'magazi ndi wokwera kuposa wamba, koma si wokwera mokwanira kuti utchulidwe kuti matenda a shuga. Izi zili ngati chenjezo. | Aliyense amene ali pachiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ali pachiopsezo. Kusintha kwa moyo kungathandize kupewa matenda a shuga. |
| Matenda a Shuga a Mimba | Matenda a shuga akanthawi omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni panthawi ya mimba. | Zimachitika mwa amayi apakati. Vutoli nthawi zambiri limatha mwana akabadwa. Komabe, chiopsezo chotenga matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri chimawonjezeka pambuyo pake. |
Mitundu ina yosowa
Kuwonjezera pa mitundu ikuluikulu iyi, palinso mitundu yosowa kwambiri monga ``Monogenic diabetes``, yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha majini. Matenda a shuga amathanso kuyamba chifukwa cha mankhwala enaake kapena matenda ena.
Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wake. Nthawi zina, matenda a shuga amatha kukhalapo popanda zizindikiro zilizonse.
| Chizindikiro | Kufotokozera |
|---|---|
| Zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba (zingachitike mwadzidzidzi) | |
| Kumva ludzu kwambiri | Kumva ngati mulibe ludzu ngakhale mutamwa madzi ochuluka bwanji. |
| Kukodza pafupipafupi | Kufunika kukodza pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku. |
| Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa | Kukhala woonda ngakhale kudya bwino. |
| Kutopa kwambiri komanso kutopa | Kumva kutopa kwambiri ngakhale osachita chilichonse. |
| Maso osawoneka bwino | Kusintha pang'ono kwa masomphenya, kumva ngati palibe chowona. |
| Zizindikiro zina za matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 (nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono) | |
| Kuchira kwa bala mochedwa | Ngakhale bala laling'ono limatenga nthawi kuti lichiritsidwe. |
| Khungu loyabwa | Kuyabwa pafupipafupi, makamaka m'dera la maliseche. |
| Matenda a yisiti | Matenda a yisiti pafupipafupi. |
| Kusanza m'miyendo | Kumva kutentha m'manja ndi m'mapazi. |
Matenda a shuga a mimba nthawi zambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro, ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyezetsa matenda a shuga panthawi ya mimba.
Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zomwe zili pamwambapa, kapena ngati wina m'banja mwanu ali ndi matenda a shuga, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kukayezetsa. Pali mayeso angapo akuluakulu a magazi kuti mudziwe matenda a shuga.
- Kuyesa Shuga M'magazi Osala Kusala (FBS): Kuyesa magazi komwe kumachitika munthu akasala kudya kwa maola 8-10 (osadya kapena kumwa china chilichonse kupatula madzi).
- Kuyesa kwa A1c (HbA1c): Izi zimakupatsani lingaliro la kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu m'miyezi 2-3 yapitayi.
- Kuyesa Shuga Wamwadzidzidzi (RBS): Kuyesa komwe kungachitike nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku.
- Kuyesa Kulekerera Shuga M'kamwa (OGTT): Kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa munthu atasala kudya, kenako kumwa chakumwa chokhala ndi shuga, kenako magazi amatengedwanso patatha ola limodzi ndi awiri kuti awone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kutengera ndi zotsatira za mayesowa, dokotala wanu adzadziwa ngati muli ndi matenda a shuga kapena matenda a shuga omwe ali kale musanayambe kumwa mankhwala.
Kuchiza ndi kusamalira matenda a shuga
Palibe mankhwala a matenda a shuga omwe alipo pakadali pano. Komabe, ndi chithandizo choyenera komanso kusintha kwa moyo , matendawa amatha kulamulidwa bwino ndipo mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi popanda zovuta zilizonse. Zolinga zazikulu za chithandizo ndi izi:
- Kusunga shuga m'magazi mwa mlingo woyenera.
- Kulamulira kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa cholesterol m'magazi.
- Kupewa mavuto ena azaumoyo (matenda a maso, impso, ndi mitsempha) omwe angachitike chifukwa cha matenda a shuga.
Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda a shuga omwe muli nawo.
1. Mankhwala
- Insulini: Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba komanso anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri ayenera kulandira jakisoni wa insulin.
- Mankhwala Omwedwa: Kwa matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri, madokotala amalemba mapiritsi monga metformin. Mankhwalawa amathandiza thupi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino insulin kapena kupanga insulin yambiri.
2. Zakudya Zopatsa Thanzi
Zakudya ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera matenda a shuga. Shuga ndi zakumwa zotsekemera, komanso zakudya zokhala ndi sitachi (buledi, mpunga) zimatha kukweza shuga m'magazi mwachangu.
- Zakudya zabwino:Ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso (funsani dokotala), ndiwo zamasamba, tirigu wonse, nyama yopanda mafuta ambiri, ndi nsomba.
- Zinthu zoti muchepetse: Shuga, zakumwa zotsekemera, zakudya zokhala ndi mafuta ambiri, mchere, zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina.
3. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku, monga kuyenda mwachangu kapena kusambira, masiku osachepera 5 pa sabata, kungathandize kuti thupi lanu liziyankha bwino insulin. Kungakuthandizeninso kuchepetsa thupi lanu. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu musanayambe pulogalamu iliyonse yochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kodi matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri angapewedwe?
Inde, mungathedi! Ngakhale kuti matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba sangapewedwe, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chodwala matenda a shuga amtundu wachiwiri .
- Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera. Ngati muli onenepa kwambiri, yesani kuchepetsa thupi pang'ono.
- Idyani zakudya zabwino.
- Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
- Ngati mukusuta, siyani kusuta.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli pachiwopsezo, pitani kwa dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri.
Ngati mukufuna chithandizo chadzidzidzi chifukwa cha zizindikiro zilizonse zokhudzana ndi matenda a shuga, ndikofunikira kupita ku Chipatala Chothandizira Zadzidzidzi (ETU) chapafupi.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a shuga si chinthu choopa, ndi vuto lomwe lingathe kuthetsedwa bwino.
- Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira zakudya zanu, masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndi njira zochiritsira monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera.
- Dziwani zizindikiro zake. Ngati mukukayika, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Yesani kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi nthawi zonse.
- Mukhoza kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2, makamaka mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
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