Tonse tamvapo mawu oti 'majeremusi', sichoncho? Makamaka m'nyumba yokhala ndi ana aang'ono, nthawi zambiri timamva zinthu monga "sambani m'manja, ndi majeremusi" ndi "musadye zomwe zili pansi, ndi majeremusi." Kodi mawuwa timanena kangati patsiku popanda kuganizira? Koma kodi majeremusiwa ndi chiyani kwenikweni? Ngakhale kuti saoneka ndi maso, amakhudza bwanji miyoyo yathu? Kodi ndi zoona kuti ena ndi abwino? Lero, tikambirana izi mosavuta, m'chinenero chomwe ine ndi inu tingamvetse.
Mwachidule, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zinthu zamoyo zomwe ndi zazing'ono kwambiri moti sizingaoneke ndi maso. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timeneti. Tili paliponse. Mumlengalenga womwe mumapuma, madzi omwe mumamwa, nthaka yomwe mumapondapo, chakudya chomwe timadya, matupi a nyama, zomera ... Mwachidule, tili paliponse pomwe mungaganizire. Tizilomboti timakhala pa sikirini ya foni yomwe mukuwerenga izi, pa chogwirira cha chitseko chomwe mukukhudza, pakhungu lanu, komanso mkati mwa thupi lanu.
Koma musaope mawu oti 'majeremusi'. Si tizilombo tonse timeneti timatidwalitsa. Ndipotu, palinso tizilombo tabwino tomwe timatithandiza kukhala athanzi ndipo ndi ofunikira kwa ife. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ena m'matumbo mwathu amatithandiza kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya komanso kutiteteza ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timachokera kunja. Komabe, pali tizilombo tina tomwe, ngati tilowa m'thupi mwathu, tingatidwalitse. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kusamba m'manja nthawi zonse kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayambitsa matenda.
Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya majeremusi ndi iti?
Tikhoza kugawa majeremusi omwe angayambitse matenda m'magulu anayi akuluakulu. Mtundu uliwonse umagwira ntchito mosiyana ndipo umachiritsidwa mosiyana. Tiyeni timvetse bwino izi.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda | Kufotokozera kosavuta | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|---|
| Mabakiteriya | Izi ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono topangidwa ndi selo limodzi. Timakhala ndi moyo chifukwa chopeza michere yomwe timafunikira kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Pali mabakiteriya abwino komanso mabakiteriya oipa omwe amayambitsa matenda. Mabakiteriya oipawa amatulutsa poizoni m'thupi lathu ndipo amayambitsa matenda. | Mabowo a mano, matenda a mkodzo, ndi strep throat. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amapereka maantibayotiki kuti athetse izi. |
| Mavairasi | Mavairasi si maselo athunthu. Ali ngati majini okulungidwa mu puloteni. Sangathe kukhala okha. Amafunika selo lina lamoyo (selo lokhalamo) kuti apulumuke ndikufalikira. Amafalikira polowa m'maselo a thupi lathu ndikutenga ulamuliro wa maselo amenewo. | Mavairasi amayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana kuyambira chimfine ndi fuluwenza mpaka matenda oopsa monga chikuku, malungo a dengue, ndi HIV/AIDS. Maantibayotiki sagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mavairasi. Mavairasi ena okha ndi omwe ali ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi. |
| Bowa | Izi ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi maselo ambiri, monga zomera. Zimakula bwino m'malo ofunda komanso onyowa. Taganizirani za mtundu wa nkhungu yomwe imamera pa buledi yomwe yakhala kunja kwa masiku awiri kapena atatu. | Nkhungu ndi yisiti ndi mitundu ya bowa. Matenda a mapazi ndi yisiti a othamanga monga Candida ndi ofala. Izi nthawi zambiri sizikhala zoopsa kwa munthu wathanzi. Pali mankhwala ophera bowa ochizira izi. |
| Mapuloteni | Izi ndi zamoyo zokhala ndi selo imodzi monga mabakiteriya. Koma kapangidwe ka maselo awo ndi kovuta pang'ono. Amakonda chinyezi kwambiri, kotero amafalitsa matenda kudzera m'madzi odetsedwa. Ma protozoa ena amakhala ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'matupi a nyama zina. | Ma protozoa a parasitic awa amayambitsa matenda monga malungo ndi toxoplasmosis. Mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda awa. |
Kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi. Mukakhala ndi malungo, chifuwa, kapena chimfine, simungathe kusankha nokha ngati ndi kachilombo kapena mabakiteriya. Choncho musapite ku pharmacy ndikumwa maantibayotiki nokha. Onetsetsani kuti mwaonana ndi dokotala, mudziwe bwino matenda ake, ndipo mutenge mankhwala okhawo omwe mwapatsidwa.
Kodi majeremusi amenewa amafalikira bwanji kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina?
Majeremusi ali ngati gulu lankhondo lobisala. Amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kuti afalikire kuchokera kumalo ena kupita kwina, kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.
- Kukhudzana mwachindunji: Majeremusi amatha kufalikira mwachindunji mwa kukhudza, kugwirana chanza, kukumbatirana, kapena kupsompsona munthu wodwala. Komanso, kugawana zinthu monga makapu, mbale, supuni, ndi matawulo zomwe munthu wodwala amagwiritsa ntchito zingayambitse kufalikira kwa matendawa.
- Kudzera mu mpweya: Munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula, madontho ang'onoang'ono a malovu ochokera mkamwa ndi m'mphuno mwake amatuluka kupita ku chilengedwe. Madonthowa amatha kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mamiliyoni ambiri. Tikapuma mpweya umenewo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'thupi mwathu.
- Kukhudza malo odetsedwa: Iyi ndiyo njira yaikulu yomwe timapezera majeremusi mosadziwa. Tangoganizirani, muli m'basi ndipo mukugwira waya. Ikhoza kukhala ndi majeremusi kuchokera m'manja mwa anthu mazana ambiri omwe adagwirapo wayawo kale. Kenako mumadya china chake ndi dzanja lomwelo, kapena kukhudza mphuno yanu, pakamwa, kapena m'maso. Pamenepo ndi pomwe majeremusi amatha kulowa mosavuta m'thupi lanu. Chiwopsezochi chilipo kulikonse komwe timakhudza tsiku lililonse, monga zitseko za zitseko, ndalama za banki, makina a ATM, ndi matebulo.
- Chakudya ndi madzi osayera: Majeremusi monga mabakiteriya ndi ma protozoa amatha kulowa mosavuta m'thupi kudzera mu chakudya chosatsukidwa bwino komanso chophikidwa bwino komanso madzi osayera. Ichi ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse timalangiza kumwa madzi owiritsa, kusamba m'manja bwino tisanadye, komanso kutsuka zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba bwino.
- Kudzera mu nyama ndi tizilombo: Monga momwe matenda a dengue ndi malungo amafalikira ndi udzudzu, nyama zina zikaluma, malovu awo amatha kufalitsa majeremusi m'thupi lathu nthawi yomweyo.
Kodi majeremusi angakhale nthawi yayitali bwanji m'malo akunja?
Ili ndi funso lomwe anthu ambiri amafunsa. Mtundu uliwonse wa kachilombo kamakhala ndi moyo wosiyana m'malo akunja, kutanthauza kuti, pamalo osiyanasiyana. Zinthu zingapo zimatsimikiza moyo wa munthu:
- Mtundu wa kachilombo: Nthawi imasiyana malinga ndi ngati ndi bakiteriya, kachilombo, kapena bowa.
- Mtundu wa pamwamba: Imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali pamalo opanda mabowo monga chitsulo ndi pulasitiki. Imatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali pamalo opanda mabowo monga nsalu ndi pepala.
- Chilengedwe: Kutentha ndi chinyezi cha malowo zimakhudzanso izi.
Tiyeni tiwone nthawi yomwe majeremusi ena omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri amakhalapo pamalo osiyanasiyana.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda | Nthawi yodikira (ดีวน ประ มาร) |
|---|---|
| Majeremusi a chimfine | Imatha kukhala ndi moyo pamalo olimba kwa sabata imodzi. Komabe, pambuyo pa maola 24 oyamba, mphamvu yake yofalitsa matenda imachepa kwambiri. Imatha kukhala ndi moyo m'manja kwa pafupifupi ola limodzi. |
| Kachilombo ka fuluwenza (kachilombo ka fuluwenza) | Ikhoza kukhala pamalo olimba kwa maola 24-48. |
| Kachilombo ka corona | Kutengera mtundu wa pamwamba, imatha kukhala maola angapo mpaka masiku angapo. |
| Bakiteriya (monga E. coli, Salmonella) | Ngakhale kuti nthawi zina zimafa mu mphindi 20 zokha, mitundu ina imatha kukhalabe ndi moyo pamalo olimba kwa maola anayi. |
| Clostridium difficile (C. diff) | Bakiteriya iyi ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Imatha kukhalabe ndi moyo pamalo olimba kwa miyezi isanu. |
Kodi njira zowonongera majeremusi ndi ziti?
Timagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti tiwononge adani osaoneka omwe akutizungulira. Koma kodi zonsezi zimagwiradi ntchito?
Kodi kupukuta mowa ndi sanitizer ya m'manja kungathandize?
Inde. Koma pali vuto limodzi. Chotsukira m'manja kapena chotsukira chomwe mumagwiritsa ntchito chiyenera kukhala ndi mowa wa isopropyl wosachepera 70%. Omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kochepa sadzapha majeremusi bwino. Ngati mukutsuka pamalo, poperani kapena kupukuta kwa masekondi osachepera 30 kenako mupukute.
Nanga bwanji za hydrogen peroxide?
Inde, hydrogen peroxide ndi mankhwala abwino ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatha kupha majeremusi ambiri, kuphatikizapo mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi. Koma ndi abwinonso kwambiri pamalo olimba komanso opanda mabowo. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, iponyeni pamwamba ndipo muisiye kwa mphindi imodzi musanapukute.
Kodi viniga umapha majeremusi?
Izi ndi malingaliro olakwika ofala. Ayi. Malinga ndi Centers for Disease Control (CDC), viniga sigwira ntchito polimbana ndi mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi ambiri, kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka chimfine ndi kachilombo ka corona. Ngakhale viniga woyera wosasungunuka ungaphe mabakiteriya ena, si mankhwala abwino kwambiri ophera tizilombo. Choncho musadalire viniga kuti muyeretse nyumba yanu.
Kodi kutentha kumawononga majeremusi?
Inde, ndithudi. Malinga ndi bungwe la World Health Organization, kutentha kwa madigiri 60 Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) kapena kupitirira apo kungaphe mavairasi ambiri. Ndicho chifukwa chake timawiritsa madzi tisanamwe. Komanso, kutsuka mbale m'madzi otentha (monga chotsukira mbale) kungaphe majeremusi.
Kodi tingatani kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa majeremusi?
Pakadali pano mwamvetsa bwino za majeremusi. Tsopano tiyeni tiwone zinthu zosavuta zomwe tingachite kuti tipewe kufalikira kwa matendawa komanso kuti tidziteteze tokha komanso okondedwa athu.
Chofunika kwambiri komanso chachikulu ndikusamba m'manja mwanu moyenera. Iyi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri, yotsika mtengo, komanso yosavuta yodzitetezera ku majeremusi.
Umu ndi momwe mungasambitsire m'manja mwanu moyenera:
1. Choyamba, nyowetsani manja anu ndi madzi oyera.
2. Tengani sopo wokwanira ndipo mupakane bwino m'manja mwanu.
3. Pakani manja anu, kumbuyo kwa manja anu, pakati pa zala zanu, ndi pansi pa misomali yanu kwa masekondi osachepera 20 , ndikupangitsani thovu labwino. (Ngati mungathe kupukuta manja anu mpaka mutatha kuimba nyimbo ya "Happy Birthday" kawiri, nthawiyo ndi yokwanira.)
4. Kenako tsukani bwino ndi madzi mpaka sopo yonse itatha.
5. Umitsani manja anu ndi nsalu yoyera kapena thireyi.
- Sungani chotsukira m'manja pafupi: Ngati sopo ndi madzi sizikupezeka, gwiritsani ntchito chotsukira m'manja chomwe chili ndi mowa wosachepera 70%. Ngakhale kuti iyi ndi njira ina yabwino, siigwira ntchito bwino ngati kusamba m'manja ndi sopo.
- Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu mukamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula: Phimbani pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu ndi nsalu. Ngati mulibe nsalu, gwiritsani ntchito chigongono chanu m'malo mwa dzanja lanu.
- Khalani panyumba ngati mukudwala: Ngati muli ndi matenda opatsirana monga malungo kapena chimfine, khalani panyumba ndipo mupumule kuti musawafalitse kwa ena.
- Pewani anthu odwala: Pewani anthu odwala matenda opatsirana monga momwe mungathere.
- Ganizirani za chitetezo cha chakudya: Sambani m'manja musanakonze ndi kudya chakudya. Patulani matabwa odulira nyama ndi nsomba zosaphika ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito podulira ndiwo zamasamba. Phikani chakudya bwino.
- Tsukani malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri: Tsukani malo omwe amakhudzidwa kawirikawiri monga zogwirira zitseko, maswichi a magetsi, mafoni, ndi zowongolera zakutali pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pafupipafupi.
Majeremusi ndi gawo la miyoyo yathu. Ali paliponse. Ngakhale kuti majeremusi ena amatithandiza, ena amatidwalitsa. Koma ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zizolowezi zosavutazi m'moyo wanu watsiku ndi tsiku, mutha kupeza chitetezo chambiri ku majeremusi oipawa.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Si majeremusi onse omwe ndi oipa. Palinso mabakiteriya abwino omwe amathandiza matupi athu ndipo ndi ofunikira pa thanzi lathu.
- Njira yabwino kwambiri, yosavuta, komanso yothandiza kwambiri yodzitetezera ku majeremusi ndi kusamba m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi othamanga kwa masekondi osachepera 20.
- Zinthu zapakhomo monga viniga sizingaphe majeremusi ambiri oopsa, choncho sankhani mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda oyenerera kuti muyeretse pamwamba pake.
- Ngati mwadwala matenda opatsirana, ndi udindo wanu, komanso wa anthu onse, kukhala panyumba ndikupumula kuti musawafalitse kwa ena.
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda kapena ngati zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo m'malo moyesa kudzichiritsa nokha.
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