"Sindikudziwa ngati ndili ndi matenda a shuga..." Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo ndi mantha kapena funso ili? Ndizachibadwa kumva motere mukamamva zinthu monga kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lochuluka, komanso kuchepa thupi popanda chifukwa. Koma musachite mantha. Musanayambe kuganiza za matenda m'maganizo mwanu chifukwa choti wina wanena zinazake, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe tingatsimikizire matenda a shuga m'njira yachipatala. Izi zikuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino.
Kodi mayeso akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira matenda a shuga ndi ati?
Mwachidule, matenda a shuga ndi vuto lomwe shuga m'magazi mwathu amakhala wokwera kuposa wamba. Chifukwa chake, mayeso angapo amagazi amachitidwa kuti aone ngati muli ndi izi kapena ayi. Nthawi zina dokotala wanu sangakhutire ndi mayeso amodzi okha ndipo angafune kuchita mayeso ena kuti atsimikizire. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe mayesowa ali.
1. Kuyesa kwa Glucose ya Plasma Yosala Kudya (FPG)
Uwu ndiye mayeso ofala kwambiri. Monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, izi zimafuna kuti musala kudya kwa maola osachepera 8 musanapereke magazi. Palibe vuto kumwa madzi pang'ono. Kuyesaku nthawi zambiri kumachitika mutadya chakudya chamadzulo komanso m'mawa wotsatira. Zotsatira zake n'zosavuta kuzimvetsa.
2. Mayeso Ololera Shuga Mkamwa (OGTT)
Mayesowa ndi osavuta kuzindikira kuposa FPG, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuzindikira ngakhale matenda a shuga asanakwane. Koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti achitike.
Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika:
- Choyamba, mumasala kudya kwa maola osachepera 8 kenako n’kupereka magazi (monga momwe zimakhalira ndi FPG).
- Kenako, mudzapatsidwa madzi apadera okhala ndi magalamu 75 a shuga wosungunuka m'madzi kuti mumwe.
- Patatha maola awiri kuchokera pamene mwamwa, magazi ena amatengedwa.
Chisankhochi chimapangidwa poyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi awiriwa. Mayeso omwewa a OGTT amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pozindikira matenda a shuga a mimba. Komabe, amaphatikizapo kutenga magazi kangapo kwa maola angapo.
3. Kuyesa kwa Shuga wa Plasma Mwachisawawa
Kuyezetsa kumeneku sikukhudza kaya mukusala kudya kapena kudya. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi mwanu. Komabe, kuyezetsa kumeneku kokha sikutsimikizira matenda a shuga. Ngati munthu amene ali ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino za matenda a shuga (monga kukodza pafupipafupi, ludzu lochuluka) ali ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi pa mayesowa, dokotalayo adzalamula kuti ayesedwe ndi FPG kapena OGTT kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
4. Kuyeza kwapakati kwa miyezi itatu (Hemoglobin A1c - HbA1c)
Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera shuga m'magazi. Siimayesa shuga m'magazi mwanu nthawi imodzi. Ndi avareji ya momwe shuga m'magazi mwanu yakhalira yolamulidwa bwino m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayi.Izi ndi zomwe mumapeza. Simukuyenera kusala kudya pa izi. Mutha kuchita izi nthawi iliyonse ya tsiku. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri pozindikira matenda a shuga, komanso poyang'anira momwe munthu amene ali ndi matenda a shuga amagwirira ntchito.
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musamangodalira zotsatira za mayeso aliwonse awa, koma mulankhule ndi dokotala wanu za izi ndikutsatira malangizo ake.
Kodi mungamvetse bwanji zotsatira za mayeso?
Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone tanthauzo la mayesowa. Mutha kudzipezera nokha mwa kuyang'ana matebulo awa.
| Kuzindikira matenda a shuga ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali kale kale | |
|---|---|
| Dzina la mayeso | Zotsatira (mg/dL kapena %) |
| Mulingo wathanzi (wabwinobwino) | |
| HbA1c | Zochepera 5.7% |
| Kusala Kudya kwa Glucose wa Plasma (FPG) | Zochepera 100 mg/dL |
| Mayeso Ololera Shuga Mkamwa (OGTT) - Pambuyo pa maola awiri | Zochepera 140 mg/dL |
| Prediabetes - chinthu chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo | |
| HbA1c | Pakati pa 5.7% ndi 6.4% |
| Kusala Kudya kwa Glucose wa Plasma (FPG) | Pakati pa 100 mg/dL ndi 125 mg/dL |
| Mayeso Ololera Shuga Mkamwa (OGTT) - Pambuyo pa maola awiri | Pakati pa 140 mg/dL ndi 199 mg/dL |
| Anapezeka ndi Matenda a Shuga* | |
| HbA1c | 6.5% kapena kupitirira apo |
| Kusala Kudya kwa Glucose wa Plasma (FPG) | 126 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo |
| Mayeso Ololera Shuga Mkamwa (OGTT) - Pambuyo pa maola awiri | 200 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo |
| Zizindikiro za shuga m'magazi mwachisawawa + | 200 mg/dL kapena kupitirira apo |
*Zindikirani: Kawirikawiri, ngati mtengo wapamwamba wapezeka mu mayeso amodzi, dokotala amatsimikiza izi mwa kuchita mayeso ena tsiku lina.
Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati iyi ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu 1?
Anthu ambiri ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2. Koma anthu ena, makamaka achinyamata ndi ana, amatha kudwala matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala a mitundu iwiriyi ndi zosiyana. Chifukwa chake, mutapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso apadera.
- Kuyesa kwa Autoantibodies: Mu matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira maselo a kapamba omwe amapanga insulin. Kuyesaku kumayang'ana ma antibodies (`autoantibodies`) m'magazi omwe amaukira izi.
- Kuyesa kwa C-peptide: Izi zimayesa kuchuluka kwa insulini yomwe kapamba wathu amatulutsa. Mu `Mtundu 1`, kupanga kwa insulin kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kapena kumasiya kwathunthu.
- Mayeso a Ketones mu Mkodzo:Insulin ikatayika, thupi silingagwiritse ntchito shuga kuti likhale ndi mphamvu. Kenako thupi limawotcha mafuta kuti likhale ndi mphamvu. Panthawiyi, ma asidi otchedwa `Ketones` amapangidwa. Kufufuza izi mu mkodzo kungathandize kuzindikira `Type 1 Diabetes`.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a shuga si matenda oti munthu angaope kapena kuwaganizira. Pali mayeso omveka bwino azachipatala omwe angatsimikizire kuti ali ndi matendawa.
- `Prediabetes` ndi chizindikiro chochenjeza. Ngati mutasintha moyo wanu (zakudya, masewera olimbitsa thupi) panthawiyi, mutha kupewa kapena kuchedwetsa kukula kwa matenda ashuga.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a shuga, musanyalanyaze ndipo pitani kwa dokotala.
- Musadandaule ngati mayeso amodzi akuwonetsa phindu lalikulu pang'ono. Dokotala wanu adzalamula mayeso ena kuti atsimikizire.
- Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a shuga, si mapeto a moyo wanu. Ndi mwayi woganizira za thanzi lanu m'njira yatsopano ndikuwongolera bwino. Mukatsatira malangizo oyenera a dokotala, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi.
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