Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo momwe chidziwitso chimayendera m'ubongo mwathu? Zili ngati gulu la amithenga ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi kuti agwire ntchito yodabwitsa. Timatcha amithenga awa kuti ndi ma neurotransmitters. Nthawi zina, chifukwa cha matenda ena, kusinthana mauthenga kumeneku kumatha kukhala kosokoneza pang'ono. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mankhwala ena amatithandiza. Lero tikambirana za gulu limodzi la mankhwala, lotchedwa dopamine antagonists.
Mwachidule, kodi ma dopamine antagonist awa ndi ati?
Kuti timvetse izi, choyamba tiyenera kudziwa kuti dopamine ndi chiyani. Dopamine ndi neurotransmitter yofunika kwambiri muubongo wathu. Imathandiza kulamulira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo malingaliro athu, momwe timamvera, ndi mayendedwe athu.
Tsopano taganizirani kuti maselo athu a muubongo ali ndi 'maloko' ang'onoang'ono. Timawatcha awa kuti 'ma receptor'. Dopamine ya messenger ili ngati 'kiyi'. Kiyi iyi ikalowa mu loko (receptor), selo imeneyo imakhala 'yogwira ntchito', kutanthauza kuti imayamba kugwira ntchito yake.
Chabwino, kodi mankhwala otchedwa 'dopamine antagonist' amagwira ntchito yanji? Mankhwalawa ali ngati 'kiyi yabodza' yomwe mungaike mu lokoyo, koma simungathe kutsegula lokoyo. Ndiko kuti, mankhwalawa amalowa mu loko `(receptor)` yomwe dopamine imafunika kukhazikitsa, ndipo `(ikutseka)`.
Mwachidule, taganizirani mpando pa phwando wokhala ndi khadi lolembedwa kuti 'Yasungidwa'. Palibe amene wakhala pamenepo, koma simungathe kukhala pamenepo, eti? Umu ndi momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito. Amasunga dopamine receptor osagwira ntchito, kuletsa dopamine yeniyeni kulowa ndikuyiyambitsa.
Chifukwa chakuti imalamulira kugwira ntchito kwa maselo ena a ubongo mwanjira imeneyi, mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri poletsa matenda ena amisala ndi zizindikiro zina.
Kodi mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matenda otani?
Mankhwala oletsa dopamine akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, koma pali nthawi zina pomwe mankhwala ena amagwira ntchito m'magulu onse awiri.
1. Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala: Mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda amisala ndi matenda ena ofanana nawo.
2. Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba: Mankhwala operekedwa kuti athetse nseru ndi kusanza.
Tiyeni tiwone matenda akuluakulu omwe amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwalawa.
| Gulu la mankhwala | Matenda ochiritsidwa |
|---|---|
| Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala |
|
| Mankhwala oletsa kutupa |
|
Ndi mitundu iti ya mankhwala yomwe ili m'magulu awa?
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mankhwala omwe amagwera m'magulu awa. Mankhwala oletsa matenda amisala nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu awiri "mibadwo." Ndiko kuti, mankhwala akale omwe adapezeka koyamba (mbadwo woyamba) ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe adapezeka pambuyo pake, omwe alibe zotsatirapo zambiri (mbadwo wachiwiri).
Mankhwala a m'badwo woyamba (Wamba)
Mankhwala ena akale awa ndi awa:
- `Chlorpromazine`
- `Haloperidol (Haldol®)`
- `Fluphenazine`
- `Perphenazine`
- `Prochlorperazine`
Mankhwala a m'badwo wachiwiri (Atypical)
Mankhwala awa ndi atsopano.
- `Olanzapine (Zyprexa®)`
- `Risperidone (Risperdal®)`
- `Quetiapine (Seroquel®)`
- `Aripiprazole (Abilify®)`
- `Clozapine (Clozaril®)`
Mankhwala oletsa kutsekula m'mimba a nseru ndi kusanza
Mwina mwawonapo mankhwala ena omwe atchulidwa pamwambapa pamndandanda wa matenda amisala. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti amatha kuchita zonsezi.
- `Metoclopramide (Reglan®)`
- `Prochlorperazine`
- `Olanzapine`
- `Haloperidol`
- `Domperidone` (Mankhwala awa sapezeka kwambiri ku Sri Lanka, ndipo angapezeke pokhapokha ngati pali chilolezo chapadera)
Chofunika: Izi ndi zitsanzo zochepa chabe. Dokotala wanu mwina sanakupatseni mankhwala omwe ali pamndandandawu. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a wina, siyani kumwa, kapena kusintha mlingo popanda upangiri wa dokotala wanu.
Kodi ubwino wa mankhwala awa ndi wotani?
Mankhwala oletsa dopamine ndi gulu lothandiza kwambiri la mankhwala.
Kwa matenda amisala:
Kwa munthu amene ali ndi vuto la maganizo, mankhwalawa akhoza kupulumutsa moyo wake . Angachepetse chiopsezo cha anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli kudzivulaza kapena kuzunzidwa ndi ena. Angawapatse mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino, kugwira ntchito, komanso kukhala osangalala ndi mabanja awo.
Pa nseru ndi kusanza:
Kwa ife, kusanza kungakhale vuto lomwe limatha pakapita nthawi. Koma taganizirani za wodwala khansa. Kusanza komwe amakumana nako panthawi ya chemotherapy kumakhala koopsa kwambiri kotero kuti kumatha kupha. Nthawi zina ngati izi, pamene mankhwala ena sagwira ntchito, mankhwala oletsa dopamine awa amatha kuwapatsa mpumulo waukulu.
Kodi pali zotsatirapo kapena zoopsa zilizonse?
Inde, monga mankhwala ena aliwonse, mankhwala awa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zake. Koma si aliyense amene amalandira zotsatirapo zake zonse. Zimatengera zinthu zambiri, monga mankhwala omwe mumamwa, mlingo wake, ndi momwe thupi lanu lilili. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti musachite mantha ndi izi ndikukambirana momasuka ndi dokotala wanu.
| Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zingachitike | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Kupumula | Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri kumayambiriro kwa kumwa mankhwala. Izi zimachepa thupi likayamba kuzolowera mankhwalawo. |
| Matenda Oyendayenda | - Akathisia:Kusakhazikika kwa kusatha kukhala pamalo amodzi, kumva ngati ukuyenera kuyendayenda nthawi zonse . - Dystonia: kulimbitsa minofu mwadzidzidzi, kugwedezeka (monga kugwedezeka kwa khosi kumbali imodzi). - Tardive Dyskinesia: Kusuntha kosalamulirika kwa nkhope, pakamwa, kapena lilime komwe kungachitike pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kwa nthawi yayitali. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi m'thupi (Orthostatic Hypotension) | Kumva chizungulire kapena mutu wopepuka mukangoyimirira mwadzidzidzi kuchokera pamene mutakhala kapena mutagona. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutsika kwadzidzidzi kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi. |
| Kusintha kwa Mahomoni | Kuwonjezeka kwa mahomoni otchedwa prolactin kungayambitse akazi kuletsa kusamba kwawo komanso kutuluka madzi ngati mkaka m'mabere awo pamene sakuyamwitsa. |
| Matenda a Malignant a Neuroleptic | Uwu ndi matenda osowa kwambiri koma omwe angawononge moyo. Ngati zizindikiro monga kutentha thupi kwambiri, kuuma kwa minofu, komanso kutaya chidziwitso mwadzidzidzi zikuwonekera, muyenera kupita kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo. |
Dokotala wanu adzakuuzani zambiri za zotsatirazi ndipo adzakupatsani malangizo pazomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse.
Mafunso ena omwe mungakhale nawo
Ndiyenera kumwa mankhwalawa kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Zimadalira vuto lomwe mukulandira. Mankhwala ena, monga mankhwala oletsa nseru, amatengedwa pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kutero. Koma mankhwala a matenda amisala angafunike kumwedwa kwa zaka zambiri, kapena moyo wanu wonse. Dokotala wanu adzasankha nthawi yeniyeni yomwe muyenera kumwa.
Kodi ndingathe kugwira ntchito kapena kuyendetsa galimoto ndikumwa mankhwalawa?
Funso ili ndi lofunika kwambiri. Mankhwala ena angayambitse kugona kwambiri kapena kutopa . Chifukwa chake, muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu ngati kuli kotetezeka kuyendetsa galimoto kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina mukumwa mankhwalawa. Iye adzakupatsani upangiri wabwino kwambiri.
Mankhwala oletsa dopamine ndi gulu lofunika kwambiri la mankhwala omwe athandiza kusintha miyoyo ya anthu mamiliyoni ambiri. Ngakhale ali ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa, ngati athandizidwa bwino motsogozedwa ndi dokotala, ubwino wake ndi waukulu kuposa iwo.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Mankhwala otchedwa dopamine antagonists amaletsa ma receptors mu ubongo omwe amalandira mauthenga a dopamine.
- Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza matenda amisala monga psychosis ndi nseru/kusanza kwambiri.
- Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa ndi othandiza kwambiri, angayambitse mavuto monga kugona ndi kusuntha.
- Musayambe, kusiya, kapena kusintha mlingo wa mankhwalawa popanda upangiri wa dokotala.
- Ngati mukumva kusasangalala kwachilendo mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, musaope kuuza dokotala wanu.
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