Kodi mwana wanu amavutika kuwerenga? Tiyeni tikambirane za vuto la dyslexia!

Kodi mwana wanu sakonda ntchito ya kusukulu, makamaka maphunziro monga Sinhala ndi Chingerezi? Kodi amathera nthawi yambiri akuwerenga ndi kulemba kuposa ana ena? Kapena amasakaniza makalata? Nthawi zina chifukwa cha izi si ulesi, koma vuto la kuphunzira lotchedwa dyslexia. Tiyeni tikambirane za izi mwatsatanetsatane lero.

Kodi Dyslexia ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, vuto la dyslexia ndi vuto la kuphunzira lomwe limapangitsa kuti ntchito zokhudzana ndi kuwerenga ndi chilankhulo zikhale zovuta . Limachitika chifukwa chakuti pali kusokonezeka kwina mu njira zomwe ubongo wanu umagwiritsa ntchito kuti umvetse zolemba. Anthu ambiri amapezeka ndi vutoli ali aang'ono, ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala la moyo wonse. Limatchedwanso 'developmental dyslexia'.

Matenda a dyslexia ali m'gulu lalikulu la 'mavuto enaake ophunzirira'. Ali ndi mitundu itatu ikuluikulu:

• Zokhudzana ndi kuwerenga (Dyslexia)
• Zokhudzana ndi kulemba (Dysgraphia)
• Zokhudzana ndi masamu (Dyscalculia)

Momwe dyslexia imakhudzira kumvetsetsa chilankhulo

Timayamba kuwerenga m'chinenero cholankhulidwa, sichoncho? Tili ana, choyamba timayamba kupanga mawu osavuta. Pamene tikuphunzira mawu ambiri, timaphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mawu amenewo popanga mawu ndi ziganizo. Kuphunzira kuwerenga kumatanthauza kuphunzira kulumikiza mawu awa ndi zilembo zolembedwa (zizindikiro).

Apa ndi pomwe vuto la dyslexia limayamba. Limasokoneza luso la ubongo wanu 'lolemba' mawu. Limapangitsa ubongo wanu kukhala wovuta kumvetsetsa zomwe mukuwerenga, makamaka kugawa mawu m'mawonekedwe ndi kulumikiza zilembo ndi mawu.

Pamene ntchito za ubongo zikuchepa motere, zimatha kukhudza chilichonse chomwe chimabwera pambuyo pake. Mwachitsanzo:

• Zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuwerenga chifukwa mawuwo ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa.
• Kuvuta kulemba ndi kulemba .
• Kukhudza kukumbukira mawu ndi matanthauzo ake.
• Kuvuta kupanga ziganizo kuti zifotokoze malingaliro ovuta.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji?

Matenda a dyslexia si matenda ofala padziko lonse lapansi, koma ndi ofala kwambiri moti anthu ambiri amalankhula za matendawo. Malinga ndi akatswiri, matendawa amakhudza pafupifupi 7% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Amatha kukhudza aliyense, mosasamala kanthu za jenda kapena mtundu.

Komabe, anthu ambiri ali ndi zizindikiro, koma sizingakhale zazikulu mokwanira kuti munthu adziwe matenda. Kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi zizindikiro koma sanazizindikire, mwina 20% ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi vuto la dyslexia.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa dyslexia?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha dyslexia sichikudziwikabe , koma pali zizindikiro zina za momwe zingachitikire nthawi zambiri.

• Majini:Matenda a dyslexia ndi matenda a majini. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi vuto la dyslexia, pali mwayi wa 30% mpaka 50% kuti mwana adzalandira matendawa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a majini, monga Down syndrome, nawonso ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi vuto la dyslexia.
• Kusiyana kwa kukula kwa ubongo ndi ntchito zake: Ngati muli ndi vuto la kulera, ndinu 'neurodivergent'. Izi zikutanthauza kuti momwe ubongo wanu umamangidwira kapena kugwira ntchito ndi zosiyana ndi momwe mumayembekezera. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulera ali ndi kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka ubongo wawo, ntchito zake, komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala.
• Kukula ndi kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo molakwika: Matenda opatsirana komanso kupezeka kwa zinthu zoopsa m'mimba kungapangitsenso kuti munthu akhale ndi vuto la dyslexia akakula.

Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze chiopsezo cha munthu chotenga matenda a dyslexia. Zina mwa zinthuzi ndi izi:

• Kukumana ndi zinthu zoopsa: Zinthu monga kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya ndi kuipitsidwa kwa madzi zimatha kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha dyslexia. Izi zitha kukhala zoona makamaka pa zitsulo zolemera monga lead ndi manganese, nikotini, ndi mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zoletsa moto .
• Kusowa kwa mwayi wopeza zinthu zowerengera: Ngati kuwerenga sikukulimbikitsidwa kunyumba, kapena ngati pali mabuku ochepa oti muwerenge, ana oterewa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala matenda a dyslexia.
• Zolepheretsa pa malo ophunzirira: Ana omwe alibe thandizo lomwe amafunikira kuti aphunzire, kaya kusukulu kapena m'malo ophunzirira ofanana, nawonso ali ndi mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi vuto la dyslexia.

Kodi zizindikiro za dyslexia ndi ziti?

Pamene mwana akukula, dyslexia ingawonekere ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Kuvuta kulemba ngakhale mawu osavuta.
• Kuvuta kuphunzira mayina a zilembo.
• Kuvuta kusiyanitsa zilembo zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, mwachitsanzo, zilembo 'd' ndi 'b', kapena zilembo 'p' ndi 'q'.
• Kuvuta kupeza mawu omveka bwino.
• Kusafuna kuwerenga mokweza mkalasi.
• Kuvuta kutchula (kutulutsa) mawu atsopano.
• Kuvuta kulumikiza mawu ndi zilembo kapena zigawo za mawu.
• Kuvuta kuphunzira momwe mawu amagwirizanirana.
• Kuwerenga mawu mwa kusintha malo omwe mawuwo ali (monga 'nakapawa' m'malo mwa 'kapanawa').

Kukhala ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri mwa zizindikiro zimenezi sikutanthauza kuti mwana ali ndi vuto la kuwerenga. Komabe, ngati mwana akuvutika kuphunzira luso loyambira lowerenga , kuyezetsa vuto la kuwerenga kungathandize kudziwa ngati mwanayo akufunikira thandizo lapadera.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya kuopsa kwa dyslexia:

• Wofatsa: Ngakhale patakhala mavuto, angathe kuthetsedwa ngati thandizo ndi malo oyenera aperekedwa.
• Pakati: Mavutowa ndi akulu mokwanira kuti afunikire upangiri ndi thandizo lapadera. Njira zapadera kapena malo oti athandizidwe nazonso zingafunike.
• Zovuta: Mavutowa ndi aakulu kwambiri moti amapitirira kukhala vuto ngakhale kuti pakugwiritsidwa ntchito njira zapadera, njira zochiritsira, ndi njira zina zochiritsira.

Kodi dyslexia imapezeka bwanji?

Ngakhale kuti vuto la kuwerenga limayamba chifukwa cha kusintha kwa ubongo, palibe mayeso a magazi kapena mayeso a labu kuti adziwe vutolo. M'malo mwake, anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kuwerengali amadziwika poyang'ana zizindikiro zodziwika bwino komanso poyesedwa.

Zinthu zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa poyesa dyslexia:

• Kuwerenga mawu osadziwika mokweza (Decoding).
• Luso lolankhula pakamwa.
• Liwiro la kuwerenga ndi kumvetsetsa (Kuwerenga bwino ndi kumvetsetsa kuwerenga).
• Kalembedwe.
• Mawu.
• Kuzindikira mawu.

Kodi mwana wanga ayenera kuyezedwa liti ngati ali ndi vuto la dyslexia?

Nthawi zambiri ndi bwino kukayezetsa msanga mavuto ophunzirira . Mukapeza matenda msanga, mwana wanu amayamba kuphunzira njira zatsopano zowerengera msanga. Ana ambiri amaona mavuto owerenga asanafike giredi lachitatu. Koma chifukwa choti kufunika kowerenga kumawonjezeka akamakula, ndikofunikira kuzindikira mavuto aliwonse ophunzirira msanga.

Sukulu ya mwana wanu ingakulimbikitseni kuti katswiri wa zamaganizo odziwa bwino ntchito zamaphunziro ayesedwe ngati ali ndi vuto la kuphunzira. Pemphani thandizo kwa oyang'anira sukulu kuti akuthandizeni kupeza munthu amene angakuthandizeni.

Kodi mankhwala a dyslexia ndi ati?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala a dyslexia. M'malo mwake, njira zophunzitsira zingaphunzitse njira zatsopano komanso zothandiza zophunzirira ndi kuwerenga.

Ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kulera amatha kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino ntchito kuti apange luso latsopano lowerenga. Nthawi zina, kuphunzitsa phunziro pang'onopang'ono kumapatsa mwana yemwe ali ndi vuto la kulera nthawi yochulukirapo yophunzirira nkhaniyi. Gwirani ntchito ndi sukulu ya mwana wanu kuti muwonetsetse kuti mwana wanu akupeza maphunziro oyenera.

Kodi ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga amene ali ndi vuto la dyslexia?

Chofunika kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikuwerenga mabuku mokweza ndi mwana wanu . Kukhala ndi nthawi yocheza naye motere kudzakuthandizani kwambiri pamene mwana wanu akuyesetsa kukulitsa luso lake lowerenga.

"Ndipo ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti vuto la dyslexia si vuto lomwe mwana wanu angathe kulithetsa. Khalani oleza mtima komanso omuthandiza.""Chilimbikitso ndi chithandizo chomwe mumapereka chingakhale chomwe mwana wanu amafunikira pamene akuphunzira kuthana ndi vuto lake la dyslexia. Zingathandizenso kuchepetsa mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe amamva akamagwira ntchito yowerenga."

Mukhozanso kuyimira mwana wanu. Inu ndi sukulu ya mwana wanu mungagwire ntchito limodzi popanga Ndondomeko Yophunzitsira Yokha (IEP). Chikalatachi chimakuthandizani kupanga ziyembekezo ndi mapulani a maphunziro a mwana wanu kusukulu.

Kodi dyslexia mwa akuluakulu ingachiritsidwe?

Inde, akuluakulu angapindule ndi chithandizo cha matenda oledzera. Kaya muli ndi zaka zingati, pali mapulogalamu ndi zida zomwe zingathandize ndi mavuto owerenga okhudzana ndi matenda oledzera.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha dyslexia ndi chotani?

Matenda a dyslexia nthawi zambiri amadziwika ana akayamba kuwerenga, koma nthawi zina samadziwika msanga. Popanda kudziwika msanga, ana ambiri amavutika ndi mavuto owerenga pazaka zawo zonse za kusukulu mpaka akakula.

Ngati vuto la dyslexia silipezeka, zimakhala zovuta kuti ana apambane kusukulu. Ngati dyslexia ipezeka ngakhale atafika giredi yachiwiri, ana amakhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yopezera njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzirira ndi kuwerenga.

Maganizo olakwika okhudza vuto la kulera ana apangitsa ena kukhulupirira kuti anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kulera ana si anzeru. Ngakhale izi si zoona, malingaliro olakwika amenewa akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa ana.

Mwana amene ali ndi vuto la dyslexia angavutike ndi kudzidalira kapena kukhulupirira kuti si wanzeru. Alinso pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda amisala monga nkhawa kapena kuvutika maganizo. Chithandizo chabwino kuchokera kwa makolo ndi aphunzitsi chingathandize mwana kuthana ndi zopinga izi.

Kodi dyslexia ingapewedwe?

Matenda a dyslexia si chinthu chomwe chingapewedwe . Komabe, nthawi zambiri amatha kuthetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zophunzirira ndi kuwerenga. Muyenera kuchita izi:

• Ngati muwona zizindikiro zoyambirira za dyslexia, lankhulani ndi dokotala.
• Gwirani ntchito ndi sukulu ya mwana wanu kuti mupange Ndondomeko Yophunzitsira Yokha (IEP) yomwe ndi yoyenera mwana wanu.
• Samalaninso thanzi la maganizo la mwana wanu. Ngati mwana wanu akuvutika ndi nkhawa kapena mavuto ena chifukwa cha dyslexia, ganizirani kufunafuna thandizo la thanzi la maganizo.

Kodi kukhala ndi vuto la dyslexia kumatanthauza chiyani?

Maganizo olakwika ambiri ndi akuti dyslexia ndi matenda. Maganizo ena olakwika ndi akuti munthu amene ali ndi dyslexia ndi wanzeru zochepa. Malingaliro onsewa ndi olakwika kotheratu. Ndipotu, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti palibe kugwirizana pakati pa nzeru ndi dyslexia. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi dyslexia apambana kwambiri m'magawo omwe asankha.

"Kukhala ndi vuto la kulera sikutanthauza kuti mukuvutika kuwerenga, sizikutanthauza kuti simungathe, kapena kuti ndinu waulesi. Kupeza njira zothandizira kuthana ndi vuto la kulera ndikofunikira kuti muphunzire bwino komanso kuti mudzidalire. Dziwani kuti kukhala ndi vuto la kulera sikutanthauza kuti ndinu wanzeru pang'ono. "

Kodi n'zotheka kupambana ngakhale munthu ali ndi vuto la dyslexia?

Inde ndithu! Ngakhale kuti ndi vuto kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia, pali anthu ambiri omwe achita zinthu zazikulu ngakhale ali ndi vuto la dyslexia. Nawa anthu otchuka komanso opambana omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia:

• Jennifer Aniston (wosewera, wopanga)
• Richard Branson (wochita bizinesi, wamalonda, wothandiza anthu)
• Sher (woyimba)
• Anderson Cooper (mtolankhani)
• Tom Cruise (wosewera)
• Amanda Gorman (wolemba ndakatulo)
• Salma Hayek (wosewera, wotsogolera)
• Tom Holland (wosewera)
• Irvin "Magic" Johnson (wosewera)
• Keanu Reeves (Wosewera, Wothandiza Anthu, Wofalitsa)
• Octavia Spencer (wosewera, wolemba)
• Steven Spielberg (wotsogolera)
• Tim Tebow (wosewera)
• Henry Winkler (wosewera)

Kodi dyslexia ndi mtundu wa autism? Kapena ADHD?

Ayi, vuto la kulera ndi autism ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Matenda a Autism spectrum disorder ndi mavuto enaake ophunzirira (kuphatikizapo vuto la kulera ndi mitundu ina iwiri) onsewa ali m'gulu la matenda a neurodevelopmental. Koma si chinthu chimodzi. Munthu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda onsewa nthawi imodzi, koma kukhala ndi chimodzi sikutanthauza kuti chimayambitsa chinacho.

Mofananamo, vuto la dyslexia ndi vuto la kusaganizira bwino/kuthamanga kwambiri (ADHD) ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Monga autism, ADHD ili m'gulu lomwelo la matenda enaake ophunzirira, ndipo n'zotheka kuti munthu akhale ndi ADHD ndi dyslexia. Komabe, amakhala odziyimira pawokha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kukhala ndi chimodzi sikumayambitsa china.

Kodi dyslexia nthawi zonse imakhala vuto la kuphunzira?

Ayi, vuto la kulera si vuto nthawi zonse. Vuto la kulera - mtundu wa vuto la kuphunzira - ndilofala kwambiri. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala mtundu wina womwe sufala kwambiri.

Matenda a Acquired dyslexia ndi mtundu wa matenda a dyslexia omwe amatha kukula mtsogolo. Nthawi zambiri amayamba chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena vuto lina. Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo kumatha kusokoneza njira monga kuwerenga. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha sitiroko, kuvulala mutu, kapena matenda ena omwe angawononge ubongo .

Kodi vuto la dyslexia ndi vuto la maso lomwe limapangitsa kuti zilembo ziwoneke ngati zopotoka komanso zosinthika?

Nthawi zina izi zimakhala choncho, koma si nthawi zonse. Dyslexia ndi vuto lomwe lingakhudze momwe mumaonera ndikumvetsetsa makalata ndi zolemba. Komabe, si aliyense amene amakumana ndi zizindikiro za dyslexia mwanjira yofanana.

Kukhala ndi vuto la dyslexia pa msinkhu uliwonse kungakhale kokhumudwitsa komanso kochititsa manyazi. Kwa ana, kungakhale chifukwa cha mantha ndi nkhawa kwambiri akamalephera kumvetsa chifukwa chake amavutika kuchita chinthu chomwe ena angachite mosavuta. Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi vuto la dyslexia, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti vutoli ndi lofala padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso, sizikutanthauza kuti ndinu anzeru pang'ono, mulibe chidwi, kapena muli aulesi kwambiri. Ndi kusintha kwa momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito. Kungakupatseni mavuto, koma sikuyenera kukulepheretsani kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu.

Ngati aphunzitsi a mwana wanu akukayikira kuti mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la dyslexia, mutha kupeza thandizo. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu, aphunzitsi, kapena oyang'anira sukulu ndi akatswiri kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe mungathandizire mwana wanu kuthana ndi vuto la dyslexia.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, nazi zinthu zina zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana zokhudza dyslexia:

• Dyslexia si matenda kapena kusowa nzeru, koma ndi kusintha kwa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito polankhula.
• Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kuvutika kuwerenga, kulemba, ndi kulemba. Ndikofunikira kuzindikira zizindikirozi muli aang'ono.
• Ngati apezeka msanga, atapatsidwa thandizo loyenera, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zophunzitsira, mwana amatha kuphunzira bwino.
• Chikondi, chithandizo, ndi chilimbikitso cha makolo ndi aphunzitsi n'zofunika kwambiri. Zimathandiza mwana kudzidalira.
• Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la dyslexia amatha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuchita zinthu zazikulu. Pali zitsanzo zambiri za izi padziko lapansi.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti inuyo kapena mwana wanu ali ndi vuto la dyslexia, musazengereze kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala kapena thandizo la katswiri wa maphunziro.

"Musaiwale, mwana aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo kalembedwe ka aliyense ka kuphunzira ndi kosiyana. Dyslexia ndi imodzi mwazosiyanazo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsetsa ndikuthandizira ndi chikondi."

Dyslexia , mavuto owerenga, mavuto ophunzirira, maphunziro a ana, kusokonezeka kwa makalata, kugwira ntchito kwa ubongo, chithandizo cha maphunziro