Tangoganizani kuti inuyo kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa akufunika opaleshoni ya ubongo. Chinthu choyamba chomwe timaganiza ndi chakuti, "O, madokotala, mumadziwa bwanji kuti mugwire ntchito popanda kuwononga madera ofunikira polankhula, kuyenda, ndi kukumbukira?" Funso lalikulu limenelo. Lero tikulankhula za scan yapadera yomwe imathandiza pa izi, yomwe imasonyeza mapu 'amoyo' a mkati mwa ubongo. Izi zimatchedwa fMRI, kapena Functional MRI scan.
Mwachidule, kodi fMRI ndi chiyani?
Mwina munamvapo za MRI scan. Imatenga zithunzi zomveka bwino za ziwalo zomwe zili mkati mwa matupi athu. Sigwiritsa ntchito X-ray kapena radiation monga CT scans. Choncho palibe choopa.
Tsopano, fMRI ndi scan yapadera yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina omwewo a MRI. Koma chomwe chili chapadera pa iyi ndichakuti, kuwonjezera pa kujambula chithunzi cha ubongo, imasonyezanso magawo a ubongo omwe akugwira ntchito panthawiyo.
Zimagwira ntchito motere: Pamene gawo la ubongo wathu likugwira ntchito, monga tikamalankhula, kuganiza, kapena kusuntha dzanja lathu, maselo a ubongo omwe ali m'gawo limenelo amafunika mpweya wochuluka. Mpweya wochuluka umatanthauza kuti magazi amayenda bwino. Makina a fMRI amatha kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe akuyenda bwino. Kenako madera omwe akugwira ntchito amawoneka owala kwambiri pa scan.
Kunena zoona, MRI yokhazikika ili ngati mapu a mzinda wosonyeza misewu ndi nyumba. Koma fMRI ili ngati 'mapu a magalimoto amoyo' omwe amasonyeza mumitundu misewu yomwe ili ndi magalimoto ambiri mumzindawo komanso yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri panthawiyo.
Kodi ntchito ya scan iyi ndi yotani?
Kujambula momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito motere n'kofunika kwambiri, makamaka pokonzekera opaleshoni ya ubongo. Ngati mukufuna opaleshoni, dokotala wa opaleshoni ya mitsempha akhoza kuyang'ana mapu a fMRI awa ndikukonzekera opaleshoniyo popanda kuwononga madera omwe amayang'anira ntchito zanu zofunika, monga kulankhula ndi kuyenda. Izi zitha kuchitika kwa akuluakulu komanso ana.
Mwachitsanzo, tangoganizani kuti muli ndi chotupa muubongo mwanu. Chotupacho chili pafupi ndi gawo la ubongo wanu lomwe limalamulira momwe mumayendetsera zala zanu. Pa nthawi yowunikira, mukupemphedwa kuti musunthe zala zanu. Chithunzi cha fMRI chikuwonetsa malo enieni omwe mukuchita izi, zomwe zimawala. Kenako dokotalayo amadziwa kuchotsa chotupacho mosamala popanda kukhudza malo amenewo.
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe kukonzekera kotereku kumafunika ndi izi:
- Khunyu: Ngati munthu ali ndi khunyu lomwe silikulamuliridwa ndi mankhwala, ngati pakufunika opaleshoni, ubongo wake uyenera kuyang'aniridwa musanachite opaleshoni.
- Zotupa za muubongo: Musanachite opaleshoni kuti muchotse zotupa za khansa kapena zosaopsa.
- Chithandizo cha radiation:Mukamachiza ubongo ndi radiation, chepetsani kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo zathanzi.
- Pambuyo pa chithandizo: Onani ngati pali kusintha kwa ntchito ya ubongo pambuyo pa chithandizo china.
Kodi ndiyenera kukonzekera bwanji ndisanajambule?
Kukonzekera fMRI scan n'kofunika kwambiri chifukwa makinawo amagwiritsa ntchito maginito amphamvu kwambiri, choncho muyenera kusamala kwambiri za chitetezo chanu.
Dokotala wanu adzakufotokozerani izi, koma nthawi zambiri muyenera kulabadira zinthu izi.
- Musamwe chilichonse chokhala ndi caffeine (khofi, tiyi, zakumwa zina zoziziritsa kukhosi) patsiku lochita scan, chifukwa zingakhudze zotsatira za scan.
- Uzani dokotala wanu za mankhwala aliwonse omwe mukumwa. Iye adzakulangizani ngati muyenera kumwa kapena ayi musanachite scan.
- Musavale kapena kunyamula chilichonse chachitsulo . Sichitsulo chokha chomwe chili ndi maginito, komanso chitsulo chomwe sichili ndi maginito chingakhudze kumveka bwino kwa scan.
| Zinthu zoti muchotse mukamapita kukajambula | |
|---|---|
| Zodzikongoletsera ndi zowonjezera | Mphete, mikanda, mphete, mawotchi, mapini a tsitsi, kuboola |
| Zitsulo mu zovala | Zipu, mabatani achitsulo, mabra apansi pa waya |
| Zipangizo zamagetsi | Mafoni a m'manja, makadi a ngongole, zothandizira kumva |
| Zinthu zina | Mapeni, mipeni ya m'thumba, mano opangidwa ndi mano |
Zinthu zomwe muyenera kuuza dokotala wanu
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi zipangizo zamagetsi kapena zitsulo m'thupi lanu, muyenera kudziwitsa dokotala wanu ndi ogwira ntchito omwe akuchita scan za izi musanayese scan.
| Ngati muli ndi izi m'thupi lanu, ziuzeni nthawi yomweyo. | |
|---|---|
| Zipangizo za mtima | Wothandizira pacemaker, defibrillator |
| Zipangizo zomwe zimayikidwa m'thupi | Zopangira cochlear, mapampu a mankhwala, zolimbikitsa mitsempha |
| Zinthu zomwe zatsala kuchokera ku opaleshoni | Ma Aneurysm clips, ma stents, ma filtration joints, ndi ma shunts |
| Zidutswa zachitsulo m'thupi | Zipolopolo, zidutswa za mabomba, zidutswa zachitsulo zomwe zimaponyedwa kuchokera ku makina (makamaka mozungulira diso) |
| Zina | Ngati muli ndi pakati kapena mukuganiza kuti muli ndi pakati, mapampu a insulin, kapena ma patch a mankhwala |
Komanso, ngati muli ndi vuto la claustrophobia (kuopa malo ang'onoang'ono otsekedwa), uzani dokotala wanu pasadakhale. Ngati pakufunika, dokotalayo angakupatseni mankhwala ochepa kuti akutonthozeni.
Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi yojambula?
Kuchita sikani ndi njira yosavuta kwambiri.
Mudzagonekedwa pabedi, ndipo wosamalira bedi adzakutsogolerani mosamala mu makina akuluakulu ozungulira. Chipangizo chapadera (chophimba mutu) chidzaikidwa pamutu panu, ngati chisoti. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti zithunzi za ubongo wanu ziwonekere bwino. Mudzapatsidwanso mahedifoni kuti akuthandizeni kumva phokoso lochokera ku makinawo. Ogwira ntchito adzatha kulankhula nanu ndikukupatsani malangizo kudzera m'mahedifoni awa.
Monga ndanenera kale, mu MRI yokhazikika, umangouzidwa kuti ukhale chete. Koma mu fMRI, umapemphedwa kuti uchite ntchito zazing'ono pamene scan ikuchitidwa.
Mwachitsanzo, mudzauzidwa kuti:
- Kweza zala zako pang'ono.
- Nenani chiganizo chachifupi.
- Yang'anani chithunzi chomwe chili pazenera.
Pamene mukuchita ntchitoyi, makina a fMRI amalemba madera a ubongo wanu omwe akugwira ntchito. Mutha kuchita ntchitoyi m'njira ziwiri.
1. Dongosolo la block: Mu izi, mumauzidwa kuti muchite chinachake kwa masekondi angapo, kenako dikirani masekondi angapo kenako chitaninso.
2. Dongosolo la zochitika: Izi zimakulolani kuchita ntchito zingapo zosiyanasiyana nthawi imodzi.
Nthawi zina mumapemphedwa kuti musachite chilichonse, ingokhalani pansi maso anu atatsekedwa kapena kutsegulidwa. Izi zimatchedwa "resting state scan". Zimayesa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito mukapuma.
Nthawi zina, mankhwala osiyanitsa omwe amatchedwa gadolinium angalowetsedwe mumtsempha womwe uli m'dzanja lanu kuti scan imveke bwino.
Kujambula fMRI konse nthawi zambiri kumatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi .
Kodi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa scan ndi kotani?
Monga mayeso ena aliwonse azachipatala, fMRI ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zinthu zina zofunika kuziganizira.
| Ubwino | Zoyipa / Zoopsa |
|---|---|
| Zabwino kwambiri pokonzekera opaleshoni: Zimathandiza madokotala ochita opaleshoni kuchita opaleshoni popanda kuwononga ziwalo zofunika kwambiri za ubongo. | Liwiro lochepa: Ntchito ya ubongo imasintha mu ma millisecond. Koma fMRI imatenga pafupifupi sekondi imodzi kuti ijambule chithunzi, kotero singathe kujambula kusintha mwachangu kwambiri. |
| Otetezeka: Palibe kuwala kwa dzuwa. Si mayeso owononga chilengedwe. | Zoopsa zake n'zochepa kwambiri: Choopsa chachikulu chikugwirizana ndi chitsulocho. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo achitetezo molondola. Zotsatirapo zoyipa kuchokera ku zinthu zotsutsana ndizosowa kwambiri. |
| Zabwino kuposa mayeso ena: Izi ndi zolondola kwambiri ndipo zimakhala ndi zotsatirapo zochepa poyerekeza ndi mayeso ena a ubongo. | Osati kulikonse:Makina a fMRI sapezeka m'zipatala zonse. Mungafunike kupita kuchipatala chachikulu kuti mukayesedwe. |
Kodi kusiyana pakati pa fMRI ndi EEG ndi kotani?
EEG (Electroencephalogram) ndi njira yoyezera momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi.
- Chithunzi cha fMRI chikuwonetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito. Titha kuwona bwino lomwe madera omwe ubongo ukugwira ntchito.
- EEG imawonetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito ngati mafunde ojambulidwa papepala kapena pazenera.
Mwachidule, ngakhale fMRI imayankha funso lakuti "kuti?", EEG imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi funso lakuti "liti?", kutanthauza kuti, kusintha kwachangu kwa zochita.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- FMRI ndi njira yapamwamba yojambulira MRI nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera pa kujambula chithunzi cha ubongo, imasonyezanso kuti ndi mbali ziti za ubongo zomwe zimagwira ntchito panthawiyo.
- Ntchito yaikulu ya izi ndi kukonzekera opaleshoni ya ubongo musanachite opaleshoni, kuti isawononge madera omwe amayang'anira ntchito zofunika monga kulankhula ndi kuyenda.
- Chitetezo ndi chinthu choyamba mukamapita kukajambula fMRI. Onetsetsani kuti mwadziwitsa dokotala wanu ndi ogwira ntchito za zinthu zilizonse zachitsulo mkati kapena kunja kwa thupi lanu.
- Iyi ndi njira yotetezeka komanso yothandiza kwambiri. Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza izi, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu.
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