Kodi mukudziwa za khansa ya mutu ndi khosi?

Kodi muli ndi pakhosi lomwe silinathe kwa masiku ambiri? Kapena pali chilonda chaching'ono pakamwa panu chomwe sichichira ndipo chikukupangitsani kusasangalala? Mwina mumamva ngati chotupa chaching'ono mukakhudza khosi lanu. Nthawi zambiri timaiwala zinthu izi, poganiza kuti ndi chimfine kapena matenda ang'onoang'ono. Koma nthawi zina zizindikiro zazing'onozi zimatha kukhala chizindikiro choyamba cha chinthu chachikulu chomwe tiyenera kusamala nacho. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za nkhani yomwe anthu ambiri salankhula, koma yomwe tonsefe tiyenera kudziwa - khansa ya mutu ndi khosi.

Kodi Khansa ya Mutu ndi Khosi ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, "khansa ya mutu ndi khosi" si mtundu umodzi wa khansa. Ndi mawu wamba a mitundu ingapo ya khansa yomwe imayamba m'mbali zosiyanasiyana za mutu ndi khosi. Ambiri mwa awa amayamba m'maselo athyathyathya omwe ali m'kati mwa minofu yonyowa mkati mwa pakamwa panu, pakhosi (pharynx), bokosi la mawu, ndi mphuno. M'mawu azachipatala, awa amatchedwa maselo a squamous. Ichi ndichifukwa chake ambiri mwa khansa iyi amatchedwa Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC).

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa yamtunduwu, dokotala wanu wa khansa adzagwira nanu ntchito kuti asankhe njira zabwino zochiritsira. Cholinga chachikulu apa ndikuteteza thupi lonse momwe tingathere zomwe zimatithandiza kulankhula, kudya, komanso kufotokoza zakukhosi pamene tikulimbana ndi khansa. Matendawa akapezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa, mwayi wochira kwathunthu umakhala wabwino.

Kodi ndi malo ati akuluakulu omwe khansa imeneyi ingachitikire?

Pali mitundu ikuluikulu ingapo ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi. Izi zimagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi komwe zimayambira. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa imeneyi ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za khansa izi zimapezeka kwambiri kumayambiriro. Zimafanana ndi za chimfine kapena matenda a pakhosi. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ambiri samazinyalanyaza. Koma kumbukirani, kupweteka pakhosi komwe kumatenga milungu yoposa iwiri kapena itatu ndiye chizindikiro chodziwika bwino komanso chachikulu cha khansa izi.

Tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zomwe mungakumane nazo kutengera mtundu uwu wa khansa.

Kodi n’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa ndi ziti?

Khansa imayamba pamene selo labwinobwino m'thupi lathu limasintha pazifukwa zina ndipo limayamba kugawikana mosalamulirika. Kuchulukana kwa maselo kumeneku kumapanga chotupa. Chotupachi chikhoza kulowa m'minofu yozungulira ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Ofufuza apeza zinthu zingapo zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kusintha kwa maselo amenewa.

• Kugwiritsa ntchito fodya: Uyu ndiye mdani wamkulu. Kusuta fodya ndi komwe kumayambitsa 70% mpaka 80% ya khansa ya mutu ndi khosi padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikuphatikizapo chilichonse kuyambira kusuta ndudu ndi ndudu mpaka kutafuna fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wosuta. Ngakhale simukusuta, kukhala pafupi ndi munthu amene amasuta (utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wina) kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Kumwa mowa ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa chiopsezo. Chiwopsezocho chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri ngati mumwa mowa pamodzi ndi fodya.
• Kachilombo ka papilloma ka munthu (HPV): Kachilomboka ndi kachilombo kopatsirana pogonana. M'mayiko otukuka, matenda a HPV tsopano ndi omwe amayambitsa khansa izi, kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito fodya.
• Kutafuna mtedza wa betel: Nkhaniyi ndi yofunika kwambiri m'dziko lathu komanso m'maiko aku South Asia. Chifukwa chachikulu cha khansa ya mkamwa ku Sri Lanka ndi kutafuna mtedza wa betel pamodzi ndi masamba a betel. Chizolowezichi chimawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo cha khansa ya mkamwa.

Zina mwa zinthu zoopsa:

• Kachilombo ka Epstein-Barr (EBV): Kutenga kachilomboka kungayambitse khansa ya m'mphuno kapena khansa ya m'malovu.
• Chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Chitetezo chamthupi chikafooka, sichingathe kulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Chitetezo chamthupi chimatha kufooka chifukwa cha zinthu monga kachilombo ka HIV komanso opaleshoni monga kuikidwa chiwalo china.
• Zifukwa za majini: Matenda ena a majini, mwachitsanzo, Fanconi anemia, angapangitse kuti pakhale chiopsezo chotenga khansa imeneyi.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa khansa: Kukhudzidwa ndi asbestos kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, fumbi la matabwa, utsi wa utoto, ndi zina zotero.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa: Ngati mudalandirapo chithandizo cha kuwala kwa dzuwa kumutu kapena pakhosi.
• Zakudya zokhala ndi mchere komanso zosungidwa: Kudya nyama ndi nsomba zokhala ndi mchere pafupipafupi.
• Kunyalanyaza thanzi la mkamwa: Kusasunga mano ndi mkamwa mwanu kuyeretsa kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha khansa ya mkamwa.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa molondola?

Kuzindikira matendawa nthawi zambiri kumayamba ndi kuyezetsa thupi. Dokotala adzayang'ana pakamwa panu, mphuno, pakhosi, ndi khosi mwanu mosamala. Adzamvanso ngati pali zotupa kapena matuza pakhosi panu, milomo, ndi m'kamwa mwanu.

Pambuyo pake, mutha kutumizidwa kukayezetsa ngati pakufunika izi:

• Endoscopy: Chubu chopyapyala komanso chopepuka chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mkati mwa mphuno yanu, pakhosi, kapena bokosi la mawu.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Mayeso monga X-ray, CT scans, MRIs, ndi PET scans amatha kuzindikira zotupa mkati mwa thupi.
• Mayeso a Laboratory:Ngati mukuona chilichonse chokayikitsa, mutha kupeza mayeso a HPV kuti mutsimikizire ngati khansayo yayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo ka HPV.
• Kufufuza za khansa: Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira 100% ngati chotupa chili ndi khansa kapena ayi. Pachifukwa ichi, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuyesedwa maselo a khansa.

Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira mtundu wa khansa, momwe yafalikira (gawo), komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Mankhwala akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Opaleshoni: Nthawi iliyonse ikatheka, madokotala amayesetsa kuchotsa chotupacho ndi minofu yathanzi yozungulira. Ngati pali kukayikira kuti khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node, ma lymph node omwe ali pakhosi angachotsedwenso.
• Chithandizo cha Radiation: Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito X-ray yamphamvu kwambiri kuti iwononge maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi chingaperekedwe chokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi opaleshoni ndi chemotherapy.
• Chemotherapy: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazochitika zapamwamba pomwe khansa yafalikira.

Ngati khansa yakula kapena yabwerera pambuyo pa chithandizo, dokotala angakulimbikitseninso njira zina zochiritsira, monga:

• Chithandizo Cholunjika: Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito pa zolinga zinazake m'maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Mankhwalawa amathandiza chitetezo chathu cha mthupi kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo a khansa.

Kodi mungadziteteze bwanji ku khansa imeneyi?

Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe tingachite kuti tidziteteze ku khansa zambirizi.

• Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kotheratu: Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya konse, kuphatikizapo ndudu, ndudu, fodya wotafuna, ndi chingamu.
• Chepetsani kapena siyani kumwa mowa: Kuchepetsa kumwa mowa kungachepetse chiopsezo cha khansa.
• Pezani katemera wa HPV: Katemera wotchedwa Gardasil 9® amateteza ku mitundu ingapo ya kachilombo ka HPV.
• Dzitetezeni ku dzuwa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta oteteza ku dzuwa komanso kuvala zovala zophimba khungu lanu mukakhala padzuwa kungakuthandizeni kutetezedwa ku khansa ya pakhungu pamutu, pakhosi, ndi pankhope.
• Sungani bwino pakamwa: Tsukani mano anu tsiku lililonse ndipo sungani mkamwa mwanu kukhala wathanzi.