Tiyeni tiphunzire zambiri zokhudza matenda a chiwindi a Hepatitis C. Momwe amakhudzira chiwindi chanu mwakachetechete

Kodi mudamvapo za Hepatitis C? Mwina inde, mwina ayi. Ndi kachilombo komwe kamalowa m'thupi mwanu ndikuwononga chiwindi chanu. Anthu ambiri sadziwa kuti ali nako chifukwa sikuonetsa zizindikiro poyamba. Koma musadandaule, pali mankhwala abwino ochizira matendawa tsopano!

Kodi Hepatitis C ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Hepatitis C ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kachilombo komwe kamaukira chiwindi chathu. Kachilomboka, kotchedwa Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), kakalowa m'chiwindi mwathu, kamayambitsa kutupa. Monga momwe timachitira ndi bala, kamatupa. Kutupa kumeneku kumawononga chiwindi pang'onopang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, ngati sikuchiritsidwa, sikuchira kokha. Pakapita nthawi, chiwindi chimatha kuwonongeka kwambiri. Koma pali nkhani yabwino! Tsopano pali mankhwala atsopano omwe angachiritse Hepatitis C kwathunthu. Vuto ndilakuti anthu ambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro ndipo sadziwa kuti ali nazo.

Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Chofunika apa ndi ichi. Anthu ambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse! Imeneyo ndiye mbali yoopsa kwambiri ya matendawa. Komabe, anthu ena angasonyeze zizindikiro zina kachilomboka kakalowa m'thupi ndipo thupi limayamba kulimbana nako, kutanthauza kuti, panthawi ya 'nthawi yovuta'.

Zizindikiro zoopsa

Zizindikiro zimenezi zingafananenso ndi za chimfine. Yang'anani:

• Zikumveka ngati m'mimba mukupweteka.
• Mkodzo wakuda, mwina ndowe zopepuka
• Zizindikiro zofanana ndi za chimfine kapena chimfine, monga kutentha thupi, kupweteka kwa thupi, nseru, ndi kutopa
• Kuoneka kwachikasu pakhungu ndi maso oyera. Timatchanso kuti 'jaundice'.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika kwa nthawi yayitali (Zosatha)

Tsopano, ngati mulibe zizindikiro zowopsa zomwe tatchula kale, simungamve chilichonse kwa zaka zambiri. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha kuti matenda a chiwindi a C 'osatha'. Komabe, pamene chiwindi chikuyamba kugwira ntchito bwino pang'onopang'ono, zizindikiro ngati izi zingawonekere:

• Zizindikiro zonse zomwe zatchulidwa kale (monga kupweteka m'mimba, chikasu) zingabwererenso.
• Si zokhazo, komanso zinthu zina zatsopano zitha kuwonjezeredwa:
• Magazi mu ndowe kapena kusanza magazi
• Kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi, kumasintha mtundu ngakhale mutavulala pang'ono
• Kuyabwa kosapiririka thupi lonse
• Manja amaoneka ofiira kapena akuda.
• Angiomas ya kangaude (mitsempha yamagazi yaying'ono yonga kangaude pakhungu)
• Mimba imadzazidwa ndi madzi ndipo mimba imatupa (timatcha izi kuti `(Ascites)`)

Kodi izi zimafalikira bwanji kwa wina?

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Chiwindi cha matenda a chiwindi (Hepatitis C) chimafalikira makamaka kudzera m'magazi . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chimafalikira magazi a munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka Hepatitis C (HCV) akalowa m'thupi la munthu wina. Taganizirani izi ngati kugawana singano zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobaya mankhwala.Imeneyi ndi njira yaikulu yomwe izi zimafalitsidwira m'madera ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Koma pali njira zina zomwe zingafalikire:

• Mwana akhoza kutenga matenda a chiwindi a mtundu wa C kuchokera kwa mayi amene ali nawo (kaya panthawi ya mimba kapena pobadwa).
• Kale, anthu ankatenga kachilomboka kudzera m'magazi omwe sanayesedwe bwino. Koma tsopano chiopsezo chimenecho chatsika kwambiri, chifukwa magazi amayesedwa bwino akaperekedwa.
• Nthawi zina, ngakhale m'zipatala, ngati zipangizo zomwe sizinayeretsedwe bwino zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zimatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi (koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri masiku ano).
• Mukhoza kutenga kachilomboka mwa kudzilemba tattoo kapena kuboola thupi pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe sizinayeretsedwe bwino . Muyenera kusamala kwambiri pa izi.
• Mwina ngati mugawana lumo kapena burashi ya mano ndi munthu wina amene ali ndi magazi. Tangoganizani kugawana zinthu ngati izi ndi anzanu m'chipinda chogona, sichoncho? Pali chiopsezo ngati mutalandira magazi kuchokera pachilonda chaching'ono.

Chofunika ndichakuti, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro ndipo simukudziwa kuti muli ndi matenda a chiwindi C, mutha kuwafalitsa. Koma kumbukirani, amafalikira kudzera m'magazi okha. Safalikira kudzera m'zinthu monga malovu, thukuta, kugwirana chanza, kapena kugawana chakudya.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutadwala matenda a chiwindi (hepatitis C)?

Matenda a chiwindi C sakhudza aliyense mofanana. Kwa anthu ena, pafupifupi 30 mwa 100 , kachilomboka kamachotsedwa ndi chitetezo chawo chamthupi akangoyamba kudwala (gawo loopsa). Izi zitha kutenga miyezi ingapo. Komabe, kwa anthu ambiri (pafupifupi 70 mwa 100), izi sizichitika zokha. Pambuyo pa miyezi yambiri yolimbana, thupi pamapeto pake limakhala ndi matenda osatha a kachilomboka, omwe amadziwika kuti matenda 'osatha'.

Kodi mavuto otani omwe amabwera chifukwa chokhala ndi matenda a chiwindi a C kwa nthawi yayitali?

Matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis C osatha amatanthauza kuti chiwindi chanu chimakhala ndi kutupa kosalekeza. Izi zili ngati matenda a chiwindi osatha. Kutupa kumeneku kumawononga chiwindi chanu pang'onopang'ono kwa zaka zambiri. Zilonda zimachitika m'chiwindi, zomwe zimachilepheretsa kugwira ntchito bwino. Matendawa amatchedwa cirrhosis . Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe anthu ambiri amaopa. Matenda a chiwindi akakula kwambiri, chiwindi chimatha kulephera kwathunthu (kulephera kwa chiwindi kosatha).

Matenda a chiwindi ndi kulephera kwa chiwindi kungayambitse mavuto ena, monga:

• Kuwonjezeka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mitsempha yamagazi yolumikizidwa ndi chiwindi (Portal Hypertension)
• Khansa ya Chiwindi

Kodi madokotala amapeza bwanji izi?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi, muyenera kuonana ndi dokotala. Dokotala adzakuyang'anirani ndikufufuza ngati muli ndi kutupa, maso achikasu, ndi zina zotero.

Pambuyo pake, mudzafunsidwa kuti muyese magazi kangapo. Zofunika kwambiri ndi izi:

• Kuyesa kwa ma antibodies: Izi zimafufuza magazi anu kuti awone ngati ali ndi ma antibodies olimbana ndi kachilombo ka hepatitis C. Ngati izi zili ndi kachilombo, zimatsimikizira kuti mudadwalapo hepatitis C.
• Kuyesa kwa RNA: Ngati mayeso a antibody ali ``positive,'' mayesowa amachitika kenako. Amafufuza ngati kachilomboka kakugwirabe ntchito m'thupi lanu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kangathe kudziwa ngati thupi lanu lachotsa kachilomboka lokha, kapena ngati muli ndi kachilomboka.
• Kuyesa kwa genotype: Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yayikulu ya kachilombo ka hepatitis C. Kuyesaku kungakudziwitseni mtundu wa kachilombo komwe muli nako. Izi zithandiza dokotala wanu kusankha chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.
• Mayeso a ntchito ya chiwindi (LFTs): Izi zimayang'ana thanzi la chiwindi chanu chonse.

Ngati mayeso a magazi akusonyeza kuti chiwindi chanu chakhudzidwa, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mayeso ena kuti afufuzenso kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi chanu. Chitsanzo chimodzi ndi ultrasound scan yotchedwa Transient Elastography (Fibroscan) . Izi zitha kuyeza kuuma kwa chiwindi, kapena kuchuluka kwa zipsera/fibrosis.

Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani?

Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri! Tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a chiwindi cha mtundu wa C. Mankhwala akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala a 'direct-acting antiviral' (DAA) . Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amatengedwa ngati mapiritsi. Pali mitundu yoposa khumi ndi iwiri ya mankhwala a 'DAA' omwe amagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka.

Nazi mankhwala ena omwe amalembedwa nthawi zambiri (amenewa amalembedwa ndi dokotala):

• `Elbasvir/grazoprevir (Zepatier®)`
• `Glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (Mavyret®)`
• ``Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (Harvoni®)''
• ``Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir (Epclusa®)''
• "Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir/voxilaprevir (Vosevi®)"

Mankhwalawa angakhale ovuta kukumbukira, koma dokotala adzakusankhirani mankhwala oyenera.

Ngati mwakhala ndi matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis C kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo chiwindi chanu chawonongeka kwambiri, mungafunike chithandizo china. Kuwonongeka kwina kungabwezeretsedwe, koma kwina sikungatheke. Mungafunikenso kuchiza zotsatira zina za matenda a chiwindi. Chithandizo cha `DAA` ichi nthawi zambiri chimatenga miyezi iwiri mpaka isanu ndi umodzi. Kwa anthu ena, chimatenga nthawi yayitali.

Kodi pali zotsatirapo zilizonse za mankhwalawa?

Anthu ambiri sakumana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa zazikulu kuchokera ku mankhwala a `DAA` awa, koma anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zazing'ono.

• Kusasangalala pang'ono m'mimba
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kutopa
• Mutu
• Kusanza
• Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kupuma

Ngati chinthu chonga ichi chichitika, muyenera kuuza dokotala.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani china kuti nditeteze chiwindi changa?

Ngati muli ndi matenda a chiwindi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi. Izi ndizofunikira pa matenda aliwonse a chiwindi, osati matenda a chiwindi a hepatitis C okha.

• Ngati mumwa mowa, muyenera kusiya mowa wonse kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri. Mowa ndi mdani wa chiwindi.
• Ngati mumasuta, yesaninso kusiya kusuta.
• Ngati simunalandire katemera wa Hepatitis A ndi Hepatitis B, tengani. Chifukwa chiwindi chomwe chili kale ndi Hepatitis C chingakhale chovuta kuchisamalira ngati chikadwala mtundu wina wa hepatitis.
• Lumikizanani ndi dokotala wanu nthawi zonse ndipo tsatirani malangizo ake mosamala.

Kodi simungathe kudziteteza ku matenda a chiwindi C?

Njira yokhayo yodzitetezera ku izi ndikupewa kutenga matenda a magazi . Pakadali pano palibe katemera wa chiwindi cha mtundu wa C. Asayansi akufufuza za izi, koma chifukwa pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilomboka ndipo kamasinthasintha mwachangu, ndizovuta pang'ono kupanga katemera wothandiza aliyense.

Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kusamala ndi njira zotumizira zomwe takambirana kale:

• Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, musagwiritse ntchito singano limodzi. (Zoonadi, ndi bwino kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kotheratu.)
• Mukajambula zojambulajambula kapena kuboola thupi, sankhani malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano komanso zoyeretsera .
• Musagwiritse ntchito malezala kapena maburashi a mano a anthu ena.

Kodi matenda a hepatitis C ndi otani?

Tinakambirana kale za momwe anthu ena, omwe ali kumayambiriro kwa kachilomboka (acute phase), amatha kuchira okha. Koma kwa anthu ambiri, matendawa amakhala matenda osatha. Ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro kapena mukudziwa kuti muli nawo, matenda a chiwindi a C osatha amapitirira kuwononga chiwindi chanu pakapita nthawi. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse.

Koma, mukadziwa kuti muli ndi matendawa, palibe chodetsa nkhawa nacho. Chifukwa matenda ambiri a chiwindi cha mtundu wa C amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi mankhwala oletsa mavairasi omwe alipo tsopano! Kaya mwakhala ndi matendawa kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji, amatha kuchiritsidwa.

Komabe, kwa anthu ena, ngakhale matenda a chiwindi a C atachira, kuwonongeka kwina kwa chiwindi (makamaka matenda a chiwindi) sikungabwezeretsedwe. Pafupifupi 20% ya anthu omwe akhala ndi matendawa kwa zaka 20-30 akhoza kukhala ndi kuwonongeka kosatha kumeneku.

Mungadabwe komanso kuda nkhawa mukazindikira kuti muli ndi matenda a chiwindi a C. Simungamve kudwala konse, ndipo simungadziwe momwe munawapezera kapena nthawi yomwe munawapeza. Koma kudziwa kuti muli nawo n'kwabwino kuposa kusadziwa. Matenda a chiwindi a C ndi ochiritsika. Ndipo ngati atazindikirika ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, angapulumutse chiwindi chanu ku kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kumbukirani chinthu chofunika kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira:

• Kachilombo ka Hepatitis C ndi kachilombo komwe kamawononga chiwindi. Nthawi zambiri sichisonyeza zizindikiro poyamba.
• Amafalikira makamaka kudzera mukumwa magazi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Amafalikiranso kudzera mu zinthu monga kugawana singano ndi kujambula zojambulajambula/kuboola pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda.
• Tsopano pali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri a mankhwalawa (mankhwala a `DAA`). Angathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu m'miyezi ingapo.
• Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwina munali pachiwopsezo, kapena ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a chiwindi, onetsetsani kuti mwawonana ndi dokotala kuti akakufufuzeni.
• Ngati zadziwika ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chiwindi (cirrhosis, khansa) kungapewedwe.
• Musachite mantha! Chofunika kwambiri ndikudziwa zambiri ndikutsatira malangizo oyenera a dokotala.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musachite manyazi ndipo funsani dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Chiwindi cha Hepatitis C, chiwindi, kachilombo, zizindikiro, chithandizo, kufalikira, matenda a chiwindi, HCV, matenda a chiwindi