Khansa ya pakhosi? Tiyeni tidziwe za matenda oopsa awa (Hypopharyngeal Cancer)

Kodi muli ndi pakhosi lopweteka nthawi zonse, mawu anu akusintha, kapena mukumva ngati chinachake chatsekedwa pakhosi panu? Nthawi zambiri timaziona ngati zachilendo. Koma nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda oopsa kwambiri kuposa momwe timaganizira. Lero tikulankhula za Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal , mtundu wa khansa ya pakhosi yomwe imafalikira mofulumira koma yosazolowereka. Musadandaule, tidzakambirana chilichonse m'njira yosavuta komanso yomveka bwino.

Mwachidule, kodi Khansa ya Hypopharyngeal ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'munsi mwa mmero mwathu (pharynx), makamaka kumbuyo kwa gawo lotchedwa kholingo lomwe limatulutsa mawu athu. Chomwe chimachitika pankhaniyi ndichakuti maselo omwe ali m'derali amakhala osazolowereka, amagawikana mosalamulirika, ndikupanga zotupa. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri za mtundu uwu wa khansa ndikuti imatha kufalikira mwachangu (metastasize) ku ziwalo zina za thupi . Komanso, chifukwa sichisonyeza zizindikiro zazikulu pachiyambi, anthu ambiri angachedwe pang'ono kuzizindikira.

Koma iyi si khansa yofala kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza ndi khansa ya m'mapapo, matendawa sapezeka kawirikawiri. Komabe, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.

Kodi zizindikiro za khansa iyi ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, sipangakhale zizindikiro zazikulu kumayambiriro. Komabe, pamene matendawa akupitirira, zizindikiro zotsatirazi zingawonekere. Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi kwa milungu yoposa iwiri, muyenera kuwona dokotala wanu .

Chofunika ndichakuti si aliyense amene ali ndi zizindikiro zimenezi amene ali ndi khansa. Koma ngati zikupitirira, ndi bwino kupita kuchipatala kukawaona.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi imayamba? Kodi zinthu zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha khansa iyi sichinadziwikebe. Komabe, zinthu zingapo zofunika zapezeka zomwe zimawonjezera kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

• Kusuta: Ichi ndiye chinthu chachikulu komanso chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya pakhosi. Izi sizikuphatikizapo ndudu, ndudu, ndi ma beedis okha, komanso chilichonse monga kutafuna fodya ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fodya wosuta fodya.
• Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso: Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri kwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa tsiku lililonse komanso mochuluka. Chiwopsezochi chimakhala chachikulu kwambiri ngati mumamwa mowa limodzi ndi kusuta.
• Matenda a HPV: HPV imayimira Human Papillomavirus. Ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana (STI). Kachilomboka kamatha kulowa pakhosi kudzera mu kugonana mkamwa ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikuyambitsa maselo a khansa.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu komanso nthawi yomwe zakhalapo. Angafunsenso za kusuta kwanu ndi kumwa mowa. Kenako, adzayang'ana khosi lanu ngati muli ndi zotupa.

Pambuyo pake, mwina mudzatumizidwa kwa katswiri wa khutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (ENT), yemwe angachite mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

1. Endoscopy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyika chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa pakhosi panu kuti muwone gawo la pansi pa pakhosi panu ndi pakhosi. Izi zimathandiza dokotala wanu kuti aone ngati muli ndi matenda aliwonse a khansa.

2. Kufufuza za khansa: Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi khansa, kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa pamalopo n'kukawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu. Izi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA). Iyi ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira 100% ngati maselo a khansa alipo kapena ayi.

3. Mayeso ojambulira: Ngati biopsy ikutsimikizira kuti pali khansa, mayeso ojambulira amachitidwa kuti awone momwe khansayo yafalikira komanso ngati yafalikira ku ziwalo zina. CT scan, MRI scan, kapena PET scan zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa izi.

Kusanthula Khansa

Pambuyo pochita mayeso onsewa, dokotala wa khansa adzadziwa siteji ndi giredi ya khansa yanu.

• Gawo: Izi zimakuuzani kukula kwa khansa komanso momwe yafalikira. Imagawidwa kuyambira Gawo Loyamba (gawo loyambirira) mpaka Gawo Lachinayi (gawo lotsogola kwambiri).
• Kalasi: Izi zikutanthauza momwe maselo a khansa amakulira ndi kufalikira mofulumira.

Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Njira zochiritsira zimadalira gawo la khansa yanu, momwe yafalikira, komanso thanzi lanu lonse. Mankhwala akuluakulu ndi opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi chemotherapy.

Opaleshoni

Izi zikuphatikizapo kuchotsa chotupa cha khansa ndi minofu yozungulira opaleshoni.

• Kuchotsa pharyngectomy: Kuchotsa gawo kapena pakhosi lonse.
• Kuchotsa kholingo: Kuchotsa kholingo (bokosi la mawu). Ngati izi zachitika, mudzafunika njira zina zolankhulira ndi kupuma. Padzafunika kupangira khosi lanu thumba lokhazikika (stoma).
• Kudula khosi: Kuchotsa ma lymph nodes m'khosi ngati khansa yafalikira.
• Opaleshoni ya roboti ya Transoral (TORS): Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa roboti kuchotsa zotupa m'malo ovuta kufikako kudzera pakamwa.
• Opaleshoni yokonzanso thupi: Opaleshoni yobwezeretsa ntchito (yothandiza kumeza chakudya, kulankhula) pambuyo poti ziwalo zina za pakhosi zachotsedwa.

Opaleshoni ya pakhosi ingathandize kwambiri pa luso lanu lolankhula, kudya, ndi kupuma. Choncho, onetsetsani kuti mwakambirana izi ndi dokotala wanu musanachite opaleshoni kuti mudziwe zonse bwino.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalandira chithandizo?

Khansa iyi ikhoza 'kubwereranso' mutalandira chithandizo. Palinso chiopsezo chotenga khansa yatsopano kwina m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupitiliza kuyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo.

Gulu lanu lachipatala lidzakupemphani kuti mubwere kudzakumana ndi dokotala nthawi ina yake.

• Miyezi iwiri iliyonse pachaka choyamba.
• Kamodzi pa miyezi inayi iliyonse m'chaka chachiwiri.
• Kamodzi pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse m'chaka chachitatu.
• Kenako kamodzi pachaka kwa zaka zisanu.

Nthawi zina mayeso amenewa angakhale ofunikira pa moyo wonse.

Kodi pali njira zodzitetezera ku matendawa?

Inde, ndithudi. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa iyi.

• Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu. Komanso, pewani kupuma utsi wa fodya pamene wina akusuta.
• Siyani kumwa mowa kapena kuchepetsa kwambiri.
• Dzitetezeni ku kachilombo ka HPV. Mutha kupeza katemera wa HPV pa izi. Ndipo tsatirani njira zodzitetezera pakugonana.