Pamene mukuvutika kupuma, pamene chifuwa chanu chikumva cholimba, kapena pamene mukumva chizungulire pang'ono, ambiri a ife nthawi yomweyo timaganiza za inhaler. Chipangizo chaching'ono ichi chomwe mungachigwire m'dzanja lanu nthawi zina chingapulumutse moyo wanu. Koma ndi angati a ife omwe timadziwa bwino za inhaler iyi? Kodi pali mitundu ingati? Kodi mtundu womwewo umaperekedwa pa matenda onse? Ndipo chofunika kwambiri, mumagwiritsa ntchito bwanji? Chabwino, tiyeni tikambirane zonsezi momveka bwino komanso momveka bwino lero.
Mwachidule, kodi inhaler ndi chiyani?
Chopumira mpweya ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chomwe mumagwira m'manja mwanu ndipo chimapereka mankhwala mwachindunji m'mapapu anu. Chimagwira ntchito mwachangu popereka mankhwala mwachindunji m'mapapo anu, kupereka mpumulo. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutsegula njira zanu zopumira mpweya kapena kuchepetsa kutupa m'mapapu anu. Chopumira mpweyachi chimapangidwa kuti chipereke mankhwalawo ngati ufa wouma, kupopera kwa mlingo woyezedwa, kapena nthunzi yofewa.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa inhaler ndi nebulizer?
Anthu ambiri amasokoneza zinthu ziwirizi. Ma inhalers ndi nebulizers onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mankhwala a matenda a m'mapapo. Koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.
| Mbali | Chopumira mpweya | Nebulizer |
|---|---|---|
| Kukula ndi mawonekedwe | Ndi kakang'ono, mungathe kunyamula m'thumba mwanu. (Kogwira m'manja) | Ndi lalikulu ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito patebulo. |
| Mphamvu | Palibe magetsi kapena mabatire ofunikira. | Iyenera kulumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamagetsi, apo ayi imagwira ntchito pa mabatire. |
| Njira yoyendetsera | Mankhwalawa amatengedwa kamodzi kokha. | Mpweyawo umapumidwa kudzera mu chigoba kapena pakamwa kwa mphindi zingapo. |
| Kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta | Ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mukamayenda kapena pakagwa ngozi. | Yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba ndi m'zipatala. Ndi yoyenera kwambiri kupereka mankhwala kwa ana aang'ono ndi omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa. |
Ndani akufunikira inhaler?
Mankhwala opumira mpweya nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo a nthawi yayitali monga mphumu ndi COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder) . Anthuwa amapatsidwa mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala opumira mpweya.
1. Zopumira za Tsiku ndi Tsiku/Zoletsa: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kuti zithetse zizindikiro ndikuletsa kuphulika kwa mpweya.
2. Zopumira Zogwira Ntchito Mwachangu/Zopulumutsa: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mpumulo mwachangu panthawi ya mphumu kapena pamene COPD yayamba kuphulika ndipo kupuma kumakhala kovuta. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha "chopumira chopulumutsa."
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yokhayo yomwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Musagwiritse ntchito inhaler ya wina.
Ngakhale kwa munthu amene alibe mphumu, dokotala nthawi zina angakulembereni mankhwala opumira kwakanthawi matenda opatsirana popuma monga bronchitis.
Mitundu yayikulu ya ma inhalers ndi mankhwala omwe ali nawo
Zipangizo zopumira zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akuluakulu. Ndipo mitundu ya mankhwala omwe amapereka imasiyananso. Tiyeni tiwone bwino izi.
Mitundu ya zipangizo zopumira
- Zopumira Zoyezera Mlingo (MDIs): Izi ndi zomwe nthawi zambiri timazitcha "zopumira". Mankhwalawa amakhala m'chidebe chopopera mpweya chifukwa cha kupanikizika. Tikakanikiza, mankhwalawo amatulutsidwa mwachangu ngati spray. Panthawiyo, timayenera kupuma bwino.
- Zopumira Ufa Wouma (DPIs): Izi zili ndi mankhwala ngati ufa. Mankhwalawa satuluka. Tikapuma mofulumira komanso mozama,Umu ndi momwe ufa uwu umaperekedwera ku mapapo. Umabwera m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, monga chubu kapena diski yozungulira (monga Diskus®, HandiHaler®).
- Zopumira Zofewa: Zipangizozi zimasintha mankhwala amadzimadzi kukhala nthunzi yopyapyala kwambiri. Nthunzi iyi imayenda pang'onopang'ono kuposa spray yochokera ku MDI, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupuma.
Mitundu yayikulu ya mankhwala omwe ali mu inhaler
Zomwe zimachitika ndi chipangizo chopumira zimadalira mankhwala omwe ali mkati mwake. Tiyeni timvetse mitundu iyi ya mankhwala kuchokera patebulo ili pansipa.
| Mtundu wa mankhwala | Kugwira ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito | Zitsanzo |
|---|---|---|
| Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa bronchi m'thupi omwe amagwira ntchito mwachidule (SABA/SAMA) | Izi zimatchedwanso "Rescue Inhalers." Zimamasula minofu ya njira zopumira mpweya mwachangu ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mukadwala mphumu ndipo mukuvutika kupuma. Zimagwira ntchito kwa maola pafupifupi 4-6. | Salbutamol (Ventolin®), Levalbuterol (Xopenex®), Ipratropium (Atrovent®) |
| Mankhwala Ochepetsa Ma Bronchodilator Ogwira Ntchito Kwanthawi Yaitali (LABA/LAMA) | Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kuti zithetse zizindikiro. Zimathandiza kuti njira zopumira zitseguke kwa maola 12-24. Sizoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwadzidzidzi. | Salmeterol (Serevent®), Tiotropium (Spiriva®), Formoterol (Foradil®) |
| Mankhwala Opumira a Corticosteroids (ICS) | Izi zimachepetsa kutupa ndi kutupa m'njira zopumira. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku lililonse kuti zisawononge mphumu. Izi zimatchedwa "Preventer Inhalers". | Budesonide (Pulmicort®), Fluticasone (Flovent®), Beclomethasone (Qvar®) |
| Mankhwala Osakaniza | Izi ndi kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala awiri kapena atatu omwe ali pamwambapa. Mwachitsanzo, pali mankhwala ambiri opumira omwe amaphatikiza LABA ndi ICS. | Fluticasone/Salmeterol (Advair®), Budesonide/Formoterol (Symbicort®), Fluticasone/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol (Trelegy®) |
Njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito inhaler
Iyi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino inhaler yanu, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito moyenera . Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito molakwika, mankhwalawa adzakhazikika pakamwa panu ndi pakhosi panu m'malo mofika m'mapapo mwanu. Momwe mumagwiritsira ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa inhaler ndi wosiyana pang'ono.
Nthawi zonse funsani dokotala kapena namwino wanu momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito inhaler yomwe adakupatsani, ndipo muzolowere.
Nazi njira zina zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatsatiridwa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito MDI (puffer):
1. Choyamba, chotsani chivundikiro pakamwa.
2. Gwedezani bwino chopumira (pafupifupi masekondi 5).
3. Pumulani mozama momwe mungathere ndipo tulutsani mpweya m'mapapu anu.
4. Ikani chopumira pakamwa panu ndipo chitsekeni mwamphamvu ndi milomo yanu.
5. Tsopano kanikizani chidebecho chimodzi ndi chimodzi pamene mukuyamba kupuma pang'onopang'ono komanso mozama .
6. Pitirizani kupuma pang'onopang'ono ndipo mukamaliza, chotsani chopumiracho pakamwa panu.
7. Gwirani mpweya wanu kwa masekondi pafupifupi 10. Izi zimapatsa mankhwala nthawi yoti afike m'mapapu anu.
8. Kenako tulutsani mpweya mwachizolowezi.
9. Ngati dokotala wakuuzani kuti mupumenso, dikirani kwa mphindi imodzi kenako bwerezaninso.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chipinda Chopumira: Anthu ena, makamaka ana aang'ono, amavutika ndi nthawi yopumira. Pazochitika zotere, chipangizo chotchedwa spacer chubu chingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Chipinda chopumiracho chimalumikizidwa ndi ichi, mankhwalawo amabayidwa mu chipindacho, kenako wodwalayo amatha kupuma pang'onopang'ono kudzera mmenemo. Izi zimachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mankhwala omwe amatayika.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito DPI (powder inhaler):
Izi ndi zosiyana ndi MDI.
1. Ikani mlingo wa mankhwala motsatira malangizo a inhaler (ena amafuna kuti mupotoze chodulira, ena amafuna kuti mudule).
2. Tembenuzani mutu wanu kutali ndi chopumira mpweya ndipo pumirani mpweya wochuluka momwe mungathere. Musapumire mpweya wochuluka momwe mungathere.Ngati muchita zimenezo, ufawo ukhoza kunyowa ndi kumatirira.
3. Ikani choyatsira pakamwa panu ndipo chitsekeni mwamphamvu ndi milomo yanu.
4. Tsopano kokani mpweya mwachangu komanso mozama , ngati kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito chotsukira vacuum.
5. Chotsani chopumira pakamwa panu ndipo musunge mpweya wanu kwa masekondi pafupifupi 10 .
6. Kenako tulutsani mpweya pang'onopang'ono.
Chofunika Kwambiri: Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yokhala ndi corticosteroid (monga ICS), tsukani pakamwa panu bwino ndi madzi mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse ndikulavula . Izi zingathandize kupewa matenda a bowa (thrush) mkamwa ndi pakhosi.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza chopumira chanu, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu. Ndikofunikira kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala, makamaka pazochitika ngati izi.
- Ngati zikukuvutani kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yomwe mwapatsidwa.
- Ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikuthetsedwa ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.
- Ngati mudzuka usiku chifukwa cha chimfine.
- Ngati mukufunika kugwiritsa ntchito chopumira chanu chopulumutsa anthu okalamba kuposa kawiri pa sabata, izi zingatanthauze kuti matenda anu sakulamuliridwa bwino.
Nthawi ngati izi, dokotala wanu angasinthe mlingo wa mankhwala anu kapena kukusinthani ku mtundu wina wa inhaler.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Chopumira mpweya ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimapereka mankhwala mwachindunji m'mapapo a matenda opumira monga mphumu ndi COPD.
- Pali mitundu ingapo ya ma inhalers (MDI, DPI), ndipo njira zowagwiritsira ntchito zimasiyana.
- Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino inhaler yanu, ndikofunikira kuphunzira momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito bwino . Ngati mukukayikira, nthawi zonse funsani dokotala wanu.
- Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opumira a steroid (ICS), kutsuka pakamwa panu bwino kungathandize kupewa matenda a bowa mkamwa.
- Ngati zizindikiro zanu sizikuthetsedwa kapena mukuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito inhaler yanu yopulumutsa pafupipafupi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
- Musagwiritse ntchito chipangizo chopumira cha wina kapena kugawana chipangizo chanu chopumira ndi ena.
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