Kodi mulinso ndi chifuwa chouma chomwe chimapitirira komanso kupuma movutikira? Chingakhale matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)!

Kodi mumavutikanso kupuma mukatopa pang'ono, mukakwera masitepe? Kodi nthawi zina mumakhala ndi chifuwa chouma komanso chosatha popanda phlegm popanda chifukwa chomveka? Nthawi zambiri timaiwala kuti zizindikirozi ndi kutopa kwachibadwa kapena vuto laling'ono la ziwengo. Komabe, zitha kukhala zizindikiro zoyamba za kusintha kwakukulu komwe kumachitika m'mapapu athu. Lero tikambirana za vuto limodzi lotere, Matenda a M'mapapo a Interstitial, kapena ILD mwachidule.

Mwachidule, kodi matenda a m'mapapo otchedwa Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) ndi chiyani?

Taganizirani mapapu athu ngati masiponji awiri odzaza ndi thovu la mpweya wa mamiliyoni ambiri. Tizikwama tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya timeneti timatchedwa alveoli . Tikamapuma, mpweya umene timalandira umawonjezedwa m'magazi mwathu kudzera m'tizikwama ta mpweya timeneti. Ndipo mpweya woipa womwe sunafunike m'magazi umatulutsidwanso kudzera m'tizikwama ta mpweya timeneti.

Tsopano, pakati pa matumba a mpweya awa, monga matope pakati pa njerwa zomwe zili pakhoma la njerwa, pali netiweki ya minofu yofewa. Ichi ndi chomwe timachitcha interstitium . Mu ILD, netiweki ya minofu yofewa iyi imawonongeka, kapena m'malo mwake imawonongeka, ndipo pang'onopang'ono imakhuthala, imalimba, ndipo zipsera (fibrosis) zimachitika.

Minofu ya m'mapapo ikakula motere, mpweya wochokera m'matumba a mpweya kupita m'magazi umatsekedwa. Zotsatira zake, thupi lathu sililandira mpweya wochuluka womwe limafunikira. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira komanso kutopa.

Matenda a ILD si matenda amodzi okha. Pali matenda opitilira 200 omwe agawidwa m'magulu a mayina awa. Chinthu chofala kwambiri pa matenda onsewa ndi kuwonongeka kwa minofu ya m'mapapo.

Kodi zizindikiro za munthu amene ali ndi ILD ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za ILD sizingakhale zoopsa kwambiri poyamba. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, pakapita miyezi kapena zaka, zizindikirozi zimawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Izi ndi zizindikiro zomwe anthu ambiri amakumana nazo.

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, musaganize kuti muli ndi ILD. Koma musanyalanyaze nazo. Ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu , makamaka ngati muli ndi vuto la kupuma movutikira komanso chifuwa chouma chomwe chakhalapo kwa miyezi ingapo .

N’chifukwa chiyani matenda amtunduwu amapezeka? Kodi zimayambitsa matenda amenewa ndi chiyani?

Zomwe zimayambitsa ILD zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zomwe zimayambitsa zodziwika ndi zomwe sizikudziwika/zomwe zimayambitsa matenda .

1. Zifukwa Zodziwika

Izi zikutanthauza kuti tinganene motsimikiza kuti, "Ichi ndi chomwe chinayambitsa matendawa."

• Matenda a Autoimmune kapena Connective Tissue: Nthawi zina chitetezo chamthupi lathu chimayamba kuukira minofu yathanzi ya thupi lathu. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda monga Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) , Lupus , ndi Scleroderma ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga ILD.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi ntchito komanso chilengedwe: Fumbi lina lomwe timapuma lingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa mapapo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Fumbi la silika: Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito m'mabwalo a miyala, m'migodi, komanso m'mafakitale a ceramic.
• Ulusi wa Asbestos:Kwa iwo amene amagwetsa nyumba zakale, amagwira ntchito m'makampani otumiza katundu, komanso amagwira ntchito ndi mabuleki m'magalimoto ena.
• Fumbi la tirigu, udzu, ndowe za mbalame: Matenda otchedwa Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis omwe angachitike mwa anthu omwe amaweta ziweto kapena kudyetsa ziweto.
• Nkhungu ndi Bowa: Kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo ozizira komanso opanda mpweya wabwino.
• Mankhwala ndi mankhwala ena:
• Mankhwala monga amiodarone, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda ena a mtima.
• Mankhwala ena oletsa khansa (mankhwala a Chemotherapy) .
• Chithandizo cha radiation cha khansa ya m'mawere kapena ya m'mapapo.
• Matenda ena: Zilonda m'mapapo zimatha kuchitika ngakhale mutadwala matenda oopsa monga chifuwa chachikulu ndi chibayo .

2. Zoyambitsa zosadziwika (Zosamveka)

Nthawi zambiri, palibe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe chingapezeke cha ILD. Wodwalayo alibe matenda ena kapena kukhudzidwa ndi chinthu choopsa, koma minofu ya m'mapapo imakhala ndi zipsera. Timati milandu iyi ndi idiopathic , zomwe zikutanthauza "chomwe sichidziwika."

Chofala kwambiri komanso choopsa mwa izi ndi Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) .

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha ILD?

Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi ILD, anthu ena amakhala ndi vutoli mosavuta.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, adzakuyesani mayeso angapo kuti adziwe matendawa molondola.

1. Kukufunsani za zizindikiro zanu: Choyamba, adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, tsiku lomwe zinayamba, nthawi yomwe zinakula kwambiri, ndi zina zotero. Adzakufunsaninso za ntchito yanu, ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene wakhala ndi matenda ofanana ndi anu, komanso mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa.

2. Kuwunika thupi: Dokotala adzaika stethoscope pachifuwa panu ndikumvetsera mawu omwe mumapanga mukamapuma. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi ILD amamva "kung'ambika" m'mapapo awo, monga Velcro ikutsegulidwa .

3. Mayeso a Ntchito ya M'mapapo (PFT): Mu mayesowa, mukupemphedwa kuti mupume ndi kutuluka kudzera mu chubu cholumikizidwa ndi makina. Mayesowa amayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mapapu anu angasunge komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe mungatulutse. Mu ILD, mphamvu ya mapapo imachepa.

4. Mayeso Ojambula:

• X-ray ya pachifuwa: X-ray ya pachifuwa ingapereke chithunzithunzi chokwanira cha ngati pali zipsera zilizonse m'mapapo.
• Kujambula kwa CT (HRCT) kwapamwamba kwambiri: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yodziwira matenda a ILD. Imatha kupanga zithunzi zomveka bwino komanso zatsatanetsatane kuposa kujambulidwa kwa CT nthawi zonse. Imatha kuwonetsa bwino momwe zipsera zilili m'mapapo komanso momwe zafalikira (monga "kukonza uchi").

5. Kuyezetsa Magazi: Zitsanzo za magazi zimayesedwa kuti zizindikire matenda ena, monga matenda odziteteza ku matenda a autoimmune.

6. Bronchoscopy: Nthawi zina, chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera yolumikizidwa chimadutsa m'mphuno kapena pakamwa kupita m'mapapo, komwe chimafufuzidwa mkati ndikutengedwa chitsanzo cha minofu (biopsy).

7.Kufufuza za Opaleshoni: Ngati mayeso omwe ali pamwambawa sakukwanira, opaleshoni yaying'ono imachitika kuti muchotse minofu yaying'ono m'mapapo kuti muifufuze.

Kodi mankhwala a ILD ndi otani?

Mwatsoka, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala a ILD, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe mankhwala a zipsera zomwe zimachitika m'mapapo. Komabe, pali njira zambiri zothandizira zomwe zingathandize kuwongolera kupitirira kwa matendawa, kuchepetsa zizindikiro, ndikukweza moyo wanu. Chithandizo chimadalira mtundu wa ILD womwe muli nawo, kuopsa kwa matendawa, komanso thanzi lanu lonse.

Nazi zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira:

• Mankhwala:
• Corticosteroids: Mankhwala monga Prednisolone amachepetsa kutupa m'mapapo.
• Mankhwala oletsa kutupa m'mapapo: Mankhwala monga Pirfenidone ndi Nintedanib amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zipsera m'mapapo. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi IPF.
• Mankhwala Oletsa Kutupa kwa Mthupi: Anthu omwe ali ndi ILD chifukwa cha matenda odziteteza ku matenda amapatsidwa mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mphamvu ya chitetezo chamthupi.
• Chithandizo cha Oxygen: Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa m'magazi, mpweya wowonjezera umaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu cha m'mphuno kapena chigoba cha nkhope. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa kupuma movutikira komanso kutopa.
• Kubwezeretsa M'mapapo: Izi zili ngati 'physiotherapy' ya mapapo. Gulu lophunzitsidwa bwino lidzakupatsani masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira, masewera olimbitsa thupi, komanso upangiri wokhudza zakudya. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukhala ndi mphamvu komanso kukuthandizani kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi zizindikiro zanu.
• Kusamutsa mapapo: Kwa iwo omwe matenda awo ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo sangathe kuthetsedwa ndi chithandizo china chilichonse, njira yomaliza ndiyo kusamutsa mapapo athanzi.

Kodi ndingachite chiyani ndikakhala ndi ILD?

Ndizachibadwa kumva chisoni komanso mantha mukalandira matenda a ILD. Komabe, mwa kusintha pang'ono moyo wanu ndikutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu, mutha kukhala ndi moyo wabwino ndi matendawa.

• Pewani kusuta fodya konse: Ngati ndinu wosuta, chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikusiya lero.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi: Kudya zakudya zopatsa thanzi kumathandiza kuti thupi likhale ndi mphamvu.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse:Funsani dokotala wanu ndipo chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi opepuka omwe angakukomereni. Ngakhale kuyenda kokwanira.
• Pumulani: Ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa thupi mpumulo womwe limafuna.
• Dzitetezeni ku matenda: Valani chophimba nkhope mukapita kumalo odzaza anthu, sambani m'manja pafupipafupi, ndipo lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za katemera wa chibayo ndi fuluwenza.
• Ganizirani ntchito yanu: Ngati ntchito yanu ikuphatikizapo kupuma zinthu zomwe zingawononge mapapo anu, mungafune kuganizira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotetezeka kapena kusintha ntchito.