Tikamva mawu akuti matenda a mtima kapena kutsekeka kwa mtima, ambiri a ife nthawi yomweyo timamva mantha. Chinthu chotsatira chomwe timaganizira ndi opaleshoni yayikulu monga opaleshoni ya bypass. Kuganiza zokhala masiku ambiri kuchipatala, nthawi yochira, ndi ululu zimatipangitsa kunjenjemera, sichoncho? Koma kodi mukudziwa kuti chifukwa cha sayansi yapamwamba ya zamankhwala masiku ano, matenda ambiri a mtima amatha kuchiritsidwa popanda kupanga chotupa chachikulu, poika chubu chopyapyala (catheter) kudzera m'bowo laling'ono m'dzanja kapena m'chiuno? Njira yodabwitsa komanso yotetezeka yachipatala imeneyo ndi yomwe timaitcha Interventional Cardiology . Lero, tikambirana izi mosavuta, kuti mumvetse.
Mwachidule, kodi Interventional Cardiology ndi chiyani?
Tangoganizani kuti chitoliro cha madzi m'nyumba mwanu chadzaza ndi dothi. Tsopano madzi akuyenda pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Pali njira ziwiri zokonzera izi. Choyamba ndikuswa khoma, kuchotsa chitoliro, ndikuyika chitoliro chatsopano. Izi ndi ntchito yambiri, yafumbi, yaphokoso, yotenga nthawi, komanso yokwera mtengo. Njira ina ndi yakuti, popanda kuswa khoma, mumayika chipangizo chopyapyala chonga waya kumapeto kwa chitoliro, kuchotsa dothi lotsekedwa, ndikuyeretsa njira. Kodi izi n'zosavuta bwanji? Ndicho chimene chimachitika mu Interventional Cardiology.
Opaleshoni yachikhalidwe yotsegula mtima ndi opaleshoni yaikulu yomwe imaphatikizapo kuswa khoma. Interventional Cardiology ndi opaleshoni yomwe imaphatikizapo kuyeretsa mtima ndi chida chofewa popanda kuswa khoma.
Iyi ndi nthambi ina yapamwamba ya zamankhwala yotchedwa Cardiology. Pano, madokotala, omwe ndi Interventional Cardiologists , amagwiritsa ntchito machubu owonda kwambiri komanso osinthasintha otchedwa catheters kuti azindikire ndikuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Izi sizimafuna kudula kwakukulu. Catheter iyi imalowetsedwa m'thupi kudzera mu singano yaying'ono yomwe imalowetsedwa mu mitsempha yamagazi m'dzanja kapena m'mimba. Chifukwa chake, izi zimatchedwanso chithandizo cha "Minimally Invasive" .
Kodi ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi wotani poyerekeza ndi opaleshoni yaikulu ya mtima?
Njirayi ili ndi ubwino wambiri poyerekeza ndi opaleshoni yowonjezera mawere. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe izi.
| Phindu | Zimenezo zikutanthauza... (Zimenezo zikutanthauza...) |
|---|---|
| Mabala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri (Kudula pang'ono) | M'malo mwa kudula kwakukulu, pali kuboola kwa singano kokha. Kumeneko kudzachira kwathunthu patatha masiku ochepa. Sipadzakhala chifukwa chosokera. |
| Chiopsezo chochepa cha kutuluka magazi (Chiwopsezo chotsika cha kutaya magazi) | Popeza palibe kudula kwakukulu, magazi ambiri amatuluka m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa kuikidwa magazi kunja kwa thupi nakonso n'kosowa kwambiri. |
| Mukhale bwino msanga (Nthawi yochira mwachangu) | Zingatenge milungu, ngakhale miyezi, kuti mubwerere ku moyo wabwinobwino mutachita opaleshoni yayikulu. Koma ndi njira iyi, mutha kuyambiranso ntchito zanu zachizolowezi mkati mwa masiku ochepa. |
| Nthawi yomwe ndimakhala kuchipatala ndi yochepa. (Kukhala kuchipatala kwaufupi) | Nthawi zambiri, mumangokhala m'chipatala kwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri mutalandira chithandizo chamtunduwu, ndipo mwina mungathe kupita kunyumba tsiku lomwelo. |
Kodi katswiri wa matenda a mtima (Interventional Cardiologist) amachita chiyani kwenikweni?
Cholinga chachikulu cha madokotala awa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mitsempha yamagazi m'thupi lanu, makamaka yomwe imalumikizana ndi mtima wanu, ikugwira ntchito bwino. Monga apolisi apamsewu omwe ali pamsewu, amapeza zotsekeka m'mitsempha yamagazi, amapeza chomwe chikuyambitsa, kenako nkuzichotsa kuti magazi abwererenso kuyenda bwino.
Chofunika kwambiri n’chakuti, madokotalawa sachita opaleshoni ya mtima monga momwe amachitira madokotala a mtima. Ntchito yawo yonse imagwiridwa ndi catheter.
Chithandizo chofala kwambiri ndi angioplasty ndi stent.
Uwu ndiye chithandizo chofala kwambiri m'derali. Ndi chithandizo chadzidzidzi chomwe chimachitika kuti chipulumutse miyoyo, makamaka pamene matenda a mtima achitika. Tiyeni tiwone momwe izi zimachitikira.
1. Kuzindikira kutsekeka: Choyamba, mayeso a X-ray otchedwa angiogram amachitidwa kuti awone ngati pali kutsekeka mu imodzi mwa mitsempha ya mtima yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima mwanu.
2. Kuyika katheta:Kenako, catheter yopyapyala imadutsa m'mitsempha yomwe ili m'dzanja lanu kapena m'mimba mwanu ndikulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi yomwe ili mumtima mwanu. Simudzamva ngakhale pang'ono.
3. Angioplasty: Pali baluni yaying'ono kumapeto kwa catheter. Dokotala akafika pamalo otsekeka, baluniyo imadzaza ndi mpweya. Kenako cholesterol yotsekeka imamatira kukhoma la mtsempha wamagazi, ndikutsegula njira yoti magazi abwererenso.
4. Kuthira stent kuti njirayo isatseguke: Popeza njira yotsegulidwa ndi buluni imatha kutsekanso, chubu chaching'ono chotchedwa stent chimayikidwa pamalopo kuti chisatseguke. Izi zili ngati kupereka chithandizo ku ngalande yomwe ili pafupi kugwa. Stent iyi imasunga mtsempha wamagazi wotseguka.
Njirayi ingathe kuchitika nthawi yomweyo kwa munthu amene akudwala matenda a mtima, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mtima ndikupulumutsa miyoyo.
Ndi mayeso ndi mankhwala ena ati omwe amachitidwa ndi njira iyi?
Kuwonjezera pa angioplasty ndi stent placement, njira iyi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa matenda ena angapo. Nazi zina mwa izo.
| Dzina la chithandizo/mayeso | Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ndi izi? |
|---|---|
| Kukonza Catheterization ya Mtima | Iyi ndi njira yoyesera yosavuta kwambiri. Catheter imayikidwa m'zipinda za mtima ndi m'mitsempha ya magazi kuti iyeze zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kuyenda kwa magazi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya. |
| Kuchotsa atherectomy | Nthawi zina, ngati gawo la cholesterol ndi lokhuthala kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kulimanga ndi baluni. Panthawiyo, gawolo limachotsedwa ndi chipangizo chaching'ono chonga tsamba chomwe chimadutsa mu catheter. |
| Kutsekedwa kwa Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Bowo mumtima lomwe limapezeka pobadwa (matenda a mtima obadwa nawo) silifuna chubu cha pachifuwa. Chipangizo chaching'ono chonga "ambulera" chingadutse kudzera mu catheter kuti chitseke bowolo. |
| Kusintha ndi Kukonza Ma Valavu a Mtima | Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza kapena kusintha ma valve a mtima omwe achepa kapena akutuluka madzi. TAVI/TAVR ndi njira yodziwika bwino yothandizira vutoli. |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi (thrombolysis) | Ngati magazi oundana alowa m'mitsempha yamagazi, catheter ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupita pamalo pomwe magazi oundanawo anali ndi kubaya mankhwala omwe amasungunula magaziwo. |
Kodi mungatumizidwe kwa dokotala wa matenda a mtima (Interventional Cardiologist) pazochitika ziti?
Ngati dokotala wa banja lanu kapena katswiri wa matenda a mtima akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto la mtima kapena mitsempha yanu yamagazi, angakutumizireni kwa dokotala wa matenda a mtima kuti akadziwe bwino lomwe vutolo kapena kuti akuthandizeni.
Chithandizo chawo nthawi zambiri chimafunika pa matenda awa:
- Matenda a atherosclerosis: Monga tafotokozera kale, izi zikutanthauza kuti cholesterol imasonkhana mkati mwa mitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njirayo ikhale yopapatiza.
- Matenda a Mitsempha ya Mtima: Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imapereka magazi kumtima. Izi zimayambitsa kupweteka pachifuwa (angina).
- Matenda a Ma valve a Mtima: Ma valve a mtima sakugwira ntchito bwino.
- Matenda a Mtima Wobadwa Nawo: Matenda a mtima omwe amapezeka pobadwa (monga mabowo mumtima).
- Matenda a Mitsempha ya Peripheral: Kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi yomwe imanyamula magazi kupita m'manja ndi m'miyendo.
- Ma Aneurysms: Kutupa ngati baluni m'mitsempha yamagazi.
- Magazi Oundana: Magazi oundana.
Koma kumbukirani kuti njira iyi si yoyenera wodwala aliyense. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili, opaleshoni yayikulu ingakhale yankho labwino kwambiri. Dokotala amene adzakuyesani adzasankha njira imeneyo.
Komanso, ngati muli ndi vuto la mtima mwadzidzidzi, mutha kulowetsedwa mwachindunji ku Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) ya chipatala, komwe mungalandire chithandizo ndi Interventional Cardiologist.
Kodi muyenera kuyembekezera chiyani mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala?
Ndi zachilendo kumva mantha pang'ono komanso mantha mukapita kukaonana ndi katswiri ngati uyu. Koma musachite mantha nazo.
Choyamba, dokotala adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Kodi kupweteka pachifuwa kunayamba liti, kumamveka bwanji, ndipo kwakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji? Kenako, adzakufunsani ngati pali aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali ndi matenda a mtima.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuuza dokotala wanu za mankhwala onse omwe mukumwa.Izi zikutanthauza kuti si mankhwala okhawo omwe amaperekedwa ndi dokotala, komanso mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe amagulitsidwa ndi dokotala, mavitamini, ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe (mankhwala a ku Sinhala) omwe mumagwiritsa ntchito ku pharmacy, ndipo muyenera kuwafotokozera onse. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikulemba zonse.
Kenako dokotala adzakuyesani. Adzakuyesani mayeso osavuta monga kumvetsera mtima wanu pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope ndikuyeza kuthamanga kwa magazi anu.
Ngati mukufuna kulowetsedwa m'thupi kapena kulandira chithandizo, zidzachitika tsiku lina (pokhapokha ngati pakufunika thandizo ladzidzidzi). Dokotala wanu asanayambe kukuthandizani, adzakufotokozerani za njira imeneyi, kuphatikizapo ubwino wake ndi zoopsa zake zazing'ono, komanso momwe mungakonzekerere.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Interventional Cardiology ndi njira yapamwamba yochizira matenda a mtima. M'malo mwa opaleshoni yayikulu ya mtima, chithandizo chimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chopyapyala kwambiri (catheter).
- Ubwino wa njira imeneyi ndi kuchepetsa ululu, kuchira msanga, kuchepetsa nthawi yogona m'chipatala, komanso kusakhala ndi zipsera zazikulu.
- Matenda ambiri, monga matenda a mtima, kutsekeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi, mavuto a ma valve a mtima, ndi zilema za mtima zobadwa nazo, zitha kuchiritsidwa bwino ndi njira iyi.
- Ngati muli ndi matenda a mtima, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu ngati chithandizochi chili choyenera kwa inu. Musaope kufunsa mafunso aliwonse omwe muli nawo.
- M'malo mochita mantha mukamva za matenda a mtima, kudziwa za mankhwala apamwamba omwe alipo masiku ano kudzakuthandizani kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri m'maganizo.
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