Tonsefe tamvapo za "chibayo," sichoncho? Ena a ife mwina tinamvapo. Nthawi zambiri timaganiza za chibayo ngati matenda amodzi. Koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya majeremusi omwe angayambitse chibayo. Lero tikambirana za mtundu wina wapadera pang'ono, komanso woopsa, wa chibayo. Dzinali limatchedwa "Matenda a Legionnaires." Mwina simunamvepo za dzinali, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa za dzinali.
Mwachidule, kodi matenda a Legionnaires ndi chiyani?
Matenda a Legionnaires ndi matenda opatsirana m'mapapo mwanu, mtundu wa chibayo. Amayambitsidwa ndi mtundu wa bakiteriya wotchedwa Legionella . Mumapeza matendawa mukapuma madontho ang'onoang'ono a madzi okhala ndi bakiteriyayu.
Matendawa amakhudza kwambiri mapapo anu. Koma nthawi zina amathanso kukhudza ubongo wanu ndi kugaya chakudya (matumbo). Palinso matenda ena ang'onoang'ono omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya wa Legionella, wotchedwa Pontiac fever . Siwowopsa ngati awa, amabwera ngati chimfine kenako n’kutha. Koma matenda a Legionnaires akhoza kukhala oopsa, choncho tiyenera kusamala nawo.
Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti, "Kodi kusiyana kwa chibayo chachizolowezi ndi matenda a Legionnaires ndi kotani?" Kusiyanaku kuli pa kachilombo komwe kamayambitsa matendawa. Matenda a Legionnaires amapezeka pamene bakiteriya wotchedwa Legionella alowa m'mapapo. Ngakhale kuti odwala ambiri omwe ali m'chipatala amakhala ndi malungo ndi chifuwa, zizindikiro zina monga kutsegula m'mimba ndi chisokonezo zimakhalanso zofala mu matendawa.
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?
Ndipotu, ngakhale kuti mabakiteriya a Legionella amapezeka m'chilengedwe, si aliyense amene amapuma amene adzadwala matendawa. Ngati chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chili champhamvu, chidzalimbana ndi mabakiteriyawa ndikutiteteza. Koma anthu ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa kuposa ena. Tiyeni tiwone omwe ali.
| Gawo la zoopsa | Kufotokozera kosavuta |
|---|---|
| Anthu opitirira zaka 50 | Pamene tikukalamba, chitetezo cha mthupi chimachepa, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwidwa ndi majeremusi. |
| Anthu omwe amasuta kapena omwe adasuta kale | Popeza mapapo amawonongeka ndi kusuta, sangathe kulimbana ndi matenda. |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka | Matenda monga HIV, matenda a shuga, khansa, matenda a impso kapena chiwindi, kapena mankhwala ena (monga mankhwala oletsa khansa, ma steroids) angathandize kuchepetsa mphamvu ya thupi yolimbana ndi matenda. |
| Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda osatha a kupuma | Matendawa amatha kukhudza kwambiri anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a m'mapapo monga COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) kapena emphysema. |
| Anthu omwe adagonekedwa m'chipatala kapena omwe amakhala m'nyumba zosungira okalamba | Izi zili choncho chifukwa pali kuthekera kwa mabakiteriyawa kukula m'madzi a nyumba zazikulu. |
| Anthu omwe angochitidwa opaleshoni posachedwapa | Thupi likhoza kufooka kwakanthawi, makamaka ngati opaleshoni idachitidwa pansi pa mankhwala oletsa ululu. |
| Anthu olandira ziwalo zoberekera | Pambuyo poika chiwalo, thupi limapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi kuti lisakane chiwalo chatsopanocho. Chifukwa chake, chiopsezo cha matenda ndi chachikulu kwambiri. |
Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?
Zizindikiro za Legionella zimayamba kuonekera pakati pa masiku awiri ndi 14 kuchokera pamene kachilombo ka bakiteriya kayamba kufalikira. Ngakhale kuti zizindikirozi zimafanana ndi za chibayo, pali zizindikiro zina zapadera.
- Malungo aakulu:Malungo nthawi zambiri amatha kupitirira madigiri Celsius 40 (104 Fahrenheit).
- Chifuwa: Chingayambe ngati chifuwa chouma. Nthawi zina, magazi pang'ono angatuluke ndi phlegm (hemoptysis).
- Kuvuta kupuma: Mungamve kupuma movutikira ngakhale mutachita khama pang'ono (dyspnea).
- Kupweteka kwa minofu: Kupweteka kwakukulu kungachitike m'thupi.
- Mutu: Mutu waukulu ukhoza kuchitika.
Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zizindikiro zina zingapo zomwe zimasiyana ndi matendawa.
- Kutsegula m'mimba: Kutsegula m'mimba pamodzi ndi chibayo ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a Legionnaires.
- Kusanza ndi nseru: Kusanza kungabwere chifukwa cha kuvutika m'mimba.
- Kusokonezeka: Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi ubongo monga kusokonezeka, kusokonezeka maganizo, komanso kulephera kukumbukira komwe muli kapena nthawi yomwe ili zingachitike.
Mungathe kuona kuti ichi ndi chizindikiro chosiyana kwambiri komanso choopsa kuposa chimfine wamba.
Kodi matendawa amafalikira bwanji? Chofunika kwambiri!
Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa. Matenda a Legionnaires si matenda omwe angafalitsidwe kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kuwatenga chifukwa chokhala pafupi ndi munthu amene ali nawo, akamatsokomola kapena kutsamwitsa. Amafalikira m'malo ozungulira.
Mabakiteriya a Legionella amapezeka mwachilengedwe m'nyanja, m'madamu, m'mitsinje, ndi m'nthaka. Koma sativulaza kwambiri akakhala m'malo amenewo. Vuto limayamba pamene mabakiteriyawa alowa m'madzi opangidwa ndi anthu ndikuyamba kukula mofulumira m'malo otentha kumeneko.
Taganizirani za makina oziziritsira mpweya (AC) mu hotelo yaikulu, ofesi, kapena chipatala. Makina akuluakuluwa amagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuziziziritsa. Kutentha komwe kuli m'matanki amadzi amenewo ndi malo oberekera mabakiteriyawa. Madontho ang'onoang'ono a madzi (madzi oyeretsedwa) omwe amapangidwa kuchokera m'madziwo amatha kufalikira mnyumbamo kudzera mu makina oziziritsira mpweya. Anthu akamapuma mpweya umenewo, mabakiteriyawo amapita m'mapapo mwawo.
Komanso, nthawi zina tikamamwa madzi kapena kutsuka pakamwa pathu, ngati mwangozi "titulutsa" madzi ena, kutanthauza kuti, ngati alowa mumpweya, angayambitse matenda ngati pali mabakiteriya m'madziwo.
Bakiteriya iyi imapezeka kwambiri mu:
- Mabafa Otentha: Bakiteriya iyi imakula bwino m'madzi otentha.
- Mitu ya shawa ndi mipope: Makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito shawa yomwe sinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
- Makina oziziritsira mpweya (AC) ndi madzi m'nyumba zazikulu: mahotela, zipatala, maofesi.
- Zinthu zokongoletsera zamadzi: Zinthu zokongoletsera zamadzi zimapezeka m'masitolo akuluakulu.
- Zofewetsa mpweya: Zipangizo zomwe zimawonjezera chinyezi mumlengalenga.
- Zisanu:Zingayambitsidwenso, kawirikawiri, ndi kupuma fumbi kuchokera m'nthaka pamene mukulima.
Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, dokotala wanu adzakuyesani kaye. Adzakufunsaninso za mbiri yanu yaposachedwa yaulendo (monga, kodi munakhala ku hotelo?), mbiri ya ntchito, ndi matenda ena aliwonse omwe mungakhale nawo.
Mayeso angapo amachitika kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
- Kuyesa mkodzo ndi makoswe: Iyi ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyezera. Chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu chikhoza kuyesedwa kuti mupeze ma antigen a Legionella. Chitsanzo cha makoswe anu chikhozanso kutengedwa ndipo mabakiteriya akhoza kukulitsidwa.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kumayang'ana ma antibodies motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya m'magazi. Kuyezetsa magazi kumathandizanso kuona momwe ziwalo za thupi (impso, chiwindi) zikugwirira ntchito.
- Kujambula pachifuwa X-ray kapena CT scan: Mayesowa amathandiza kuona momwe chibayo chilili m'mapapo komanso momwe chafalikira.
- Bronchoscopy: Nthawi zina, chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono chimadutsa m'mphuno kapena pakamwa kupita m'mapapo, komwe chitsanzo cha maselo chimatengedwa ndikuwunikidwa.
- Thoracentesis: Ngati pali madzi ozungulira mapapo (pleural effusion), singano yopyapyala imalowetsedwa pachifuwa ndipo madzi ochepa amachotsedwa kuti ayesere mabakiteriya.
Kodi imachiritsidwa bwanji?
Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti matenda a Legionnaires amatha kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki , koma ndikofunikira kuyamba chithandizo mwachangu momwe mungathere.
Odwala nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa mwa kugonekedwa m'chipatala.
- Mankhwala opha tizilombo: Poyamba, amaperekedwa ngati mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'mitsempha ya m'mimba. Mukayamba kumva bwino, mumasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwala opha tizilombo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi Azithromycin, Levofloxacin, ndi Doxycycline .
- Kupereka mpweya: Ngati mukuvutika kupuma, mpweya wowonjezera umaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu cha m'mphuno kapena chigoba.
- Kupuma Mofulumira kwa Makina: Ngati matendawa ndi oopsa kwambiri ndipo mapapo sangathe kugwira ntchito okha, wodwalayo amalowetsedwa mu Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ndipo amalumikizidwa ndi makina kuti amuthandize kupuma.
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani munthu akachira?
Ngakhale mutabwerera kunyumba kuchokera kuchipatala, ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala onse opha maantibayotiki omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani kwa nthawi yonse. Izi zithandiza kuti matendawa athe kwathunthu.
Komanso, zimatenga nthawi kuti thupi lichiritse matenda oopsa ngati amenewa. Kwa miyezi ingapo, mungakumane ndi zotsatirazi:
- Kutopa
- Kupweteka kwa thupi
- Mavuto okhazikika poyenda
- Kuvuta pang'ono polankhula
Ngati zizindikirozi zikupitirira, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha matendawa
Ngati simulandira chithandizo pa nthawi yake kapena ngati matendawa afika poipa kwambiri, mavuto angapo omwe angaike moyo pachiswe angachitike.
- Kulephera kupuma: Mapapu sangathe kupereka mpweya wofunikira m'magazi. Pankhaniyi, mpweya wabwino umakhala wofunikira.
- Kuvulala kwa impso (AKI): Impso sizingathe kusefa zinyalala kuchokera m'magazi. Izi zimafuna mankhwala kapena dialysis.
- Matenda a ubongo: Zizindikiro monga kusokonezeka maganizo ndi mavuto a kusalinganika bwino zimatha kukhala zovuta kwambiri.
- Kugwedezeka kwa Magazi: Matendawa afalikira m'magazi onse, zomwe zachititsa kuti kuthamanga kwa magazi kuchepe kwambiri, komanso ziwalo za thupi zisiye kugwira ntchito.
- Rhabdomyolysis: Minofu imawonongeka, ndipo mapuloteni awo amatha kusonkhana m'magazi ndikuwononga impso.
Zinthu zimenezi zingakhale zoopsa kumva. Koma kumbukirani, ngati matendawa apezeka msanga ndikuchiritsidwa bwino, anthu ambiri adzachira mokwanira. Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, chiopsezo cha imfa chikhoza kufika pa 30% - 80%. Koma ndi chithandizo choyenera, chiopsezochi chingachepe kufika pa 5% - 10%.
Kodi muyenera kupita ku ETU liti? Kodi muyenera kupita liti ku dokotala?
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za matenda a Legionnaires, makamaka kutentha thupi kwambiri, chifuwa, ndi kutsegula m'mimba, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.
Komanso, ngati mwakhala mu hotelo kapena hostel posachedwapa ndipo pali nkhani yoti matenda a Legionnaires akufalikira kumeneko, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala kuti akupatseni upangiri, ngakhale mutakhala kuti mulibe zizindikiro.
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa zotsatirazi, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yothandiza Pangozi (ETU) yapafupi mwamsanga.
- Malungo amphamvu kwambiri
- Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma
- Kutsokomola magazi
- Kusokonezeka maganizo, kusokonezeka maganizo, kapena kuvutika kulankhula
- Kupweteka kwambiri pachifuwa
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda a Legionnaires ndi chibayo chachikulu chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya otchedwa Legionella. Amafalikira popuma madontho okhala ndi mabakiteriya.
- Izi sizimafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.
- Anthu opitirira zaka 50, osuta fodya, ndi omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka (monga odwala matenda ashuga ndi odwala khansa) ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.
- Malungo aakulu, chifuwa, kupuma movutikira, kutsegula m'mimba, ndi chisokonezo ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino.
- Uwu ndi matenda omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi maantibayotiki, choncho ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu momwe mungathere.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zoopsa monga kupuma movutikira, kutentha thupi kwambiri, kapena kusokonezeka maganizo, pitani ku chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo.
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