Kodi mukudziwa za 'cholesterol yobisika' iyi? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Lipoprotein (a)!

Mukayesa magazi anu kuti muwone ngati muli ndi cholesterol, mwina mwawona mayina monga LDL, HDL, ndi triglycerides mu lipoti lomwe mumapeza, sichoncho? Nthawi zambiri timalankhula za "cholesterol yabwino" (HDL) ndi "cholesterol yoyipa" (LDL). Koma pali imodzi yomwe siili pamndandanda womwe aliyense amalankhula, yobisika pang'ono, koma ingakhale ndi zotsatira zazikulu pa thanzi la mtima. Imeneyo ndi Lipoprotein (a) , kapena Lp(a) mwachidule. Zili ngati chinsinsi cha banja, ndipo nthawi zina mosadziwa tingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu m'thupi lathu.

Mwachidule, kodi Lipoprotein (a) ndi chiyani?

Chabwino, tiyeni tinene motere. Lipoprotein (a) ndi mtundu wa LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "cholesterol yoyipa." Kodi chimachitika n'chiyani cholesterol ya LDL ikachuluka m'thupi? Imaunjikana pamakoma a mitsempha yathu yamagazi, ndikupanga ma plaque omwe ali ngati ma speed bumps pamsewu. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha plaque iyi. Pamene ma speed bumps awa akuunjikana, magazi amayamba kuchepa kuyenda bwino. Pamapeto pake, izi zimatha kutseka mitsempha yamagazi kwathunthu ndikuletsa kuyenda kwa magazi. Ichi ndi chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda amtima ndi sitiroko.

Tsopano, chinthu chapadera chokhudza Lp(a) ndichakuti ndi choopsa pang'ono kuposa LDL. Pali zifukwa ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa izi:

1. Magazi amaundana mofulumira: Tinthu ta Lp(a) timathandiza magazi athu kuundana mofulumira kuposa masiku onse.

2. Zimaletsa magazi kuundana kuti asasungunuke: Zimathandizanso kuti magazi kuundana omwe apangidwa asasungunuke.

Tangoganizirani, gawo la cholesterol (plaque) lapangidwa mkati mwa mtsempha wamagazi. Ngati gawo limenelo laphulika chifukwa cha Lp(a), pali mwayi waukulu kuti magazi oundana adzapangika mwachangu ndikutseka mtsempha wamagazi kwathunthu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tiyenera kusamala kwambiri ndi Lp(a).

Kodi Lp(a) level ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku majini?

Inde. Ndi zoona. Ichi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri komanso mwina chomvetsa chisoni pang'ono pankhaniyi. Mlingo wanu wa Lp(a) umatsimikiziridwa ndi majini omwe mumapeza kuchokera kwa amayi ndi abambo anu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mutachita masewera olimbitsa thupi motani kapena momwe mumalamulira bwino zakudya zanu, simungathe kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa Lp(a) yanu. Mlingo wa Lp(a) womwe muli nawo muli aang'ono ukhoza kukhala wanu kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Kodi ndingadziwe bwanji mulingo wanga wa Lp(a)?

Izi zitha kudziwika ndi mayeso osavuta a magazi. Koma pali chinthu china apa. Nthawi zambiri mumayesedwa cholesterol, yotchedwa Lipid Profile.Ndipotu, mulingo uwu wa Lp(a) suyesedwa. Uyenera kuchitika padera, makamaka poupempha. Dokotala wanu akhoza kusankha ngati mukuufuna ndikukutumizirani kuti mukaupeze.

N’chifukwa chiyani dokotala angalimbikitse mayeso amenewa?

Si aliyense amene amafunika mayesowa, koma ngati muli ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu cha matenda a mtima, dokotala wanu angasankhenso kufufuza izi.

Magawo a Lp(a) ndi tanthauzo lake

Pali njira ziwiri zoyezera milingo ya Lp(a). Njira imodzi ndiyo kuyeza kulemera kwa Lp(a) m'magazi. Miyezo imaperekedwa mu ma milligrams pa deciliter (mg/dL). Njira ina ndiyo kuyeza kuchuluka kwa tinthu ta Lp(a) m'magazi. Miyezo imaperekedwa mu nanomoles pa lita (nmol/L). Ndikofunikira kufunsa dokotala wanu kuti lipoti lanu lili ndi magawo ati.

Kawirikawiri timagawa miyeso ya mg/dL motere:

• Mlingo wabwinobwino: Zosakwana 30 mg/dL.
• Chiwopsezo cha m'malire: Pakati pa 30 mg/dL ndi 50 mg/dL.
• Chiwopsezo chachikulu: Kuposa 50 mg/dL.

Mu nmol/L, mtengo woposa 100 nmol/L umaonedwa kuti ndi woopsa kwambiri.

Kuchuluka kwa Lp(a) m'magazi anu kumatanthauza kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, ngakhale cholesterol yanu ina ili bwino.

Kafukufuku wapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa Lp(a) m'magazi kumakhudzana mwachindunji ndi matenda awa:

• Matenda a mtima
• Matenda amtima
• Stroke
• Kutsekeka kwa valavu ya Aortic
• Matenda a mitsempha ya m'mitsempha ya m'magazi (PAD)

Kodi pali zizindikiro za kuchuluka kwa Lp(a) m'magazi?

Ayi. Ndi gawo loopsa limenelo. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi Lp(a) yambiri sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse. Sadziwa kuti ali pachiwopsezo mpaka chinthu chachikulu monga matenda a mtima chitachitika. Ndicho chifukwa chake, ngati muli ndi mbiri ya matenda a mtima m'banja lanu, ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za izi msanga ndikuyesedwa ngati pakufunika kutero.

Chabwino, tsopano tingachepetse bwanji Lp(a) iyi?

Ili ndi funso lomwe aliyense ali nalo. Kunena zoona, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala enieni omwe avomerezedwa kuti achepetse ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa Lp(a). Ofufuza akupanga ndikuyesa mankhwala angapo atsopano pachifukwa ichi. Chifukwa chake tikukhulupirira kuti yankho labwino lipezeka posachedwa.

Ngakhale sitingathe kuchepetsa mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa Lp(a), chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe tingachite ndikulamulira zinthu zina zonse zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, ngati Lp(a) ndiye mfuti yokhayo yomwe tili nayo, zili ngati kuletsa zina zonse.

Zinthu zomwe mungachite:

• Siyani kugwiritsa ntchito fodya kwathunthu. Kusuta fodya ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Chitani zinthu monga kuyenda kapena kuthamanga kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 masiku asanu pa sabata.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Khalani ndi zakudya zabwino pa mtima. Idyani mafuta ochepa, mchere, ndi shuga, komanso muzidya ndiwo zamasamba zambiri, zipatso, zitsamba, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri.
• Sungani kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi matenda a shuga m'thupi lanu. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani pa izi.
• Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa cholesterol ya LDL. Ngakhale kuti sizingatheke kuchepetsa Lp(a), mankhwala omwe amachepetsa cholesterol ya LDL, monga ma statins kapena zoletsa za PCSK9 , amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chonse.
• Lamulirani kupsinjika maganizo.

Kutengera ndi chiopsezo chanu, dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala monga aspirin kuti achepetse magazi kuundana.

Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi Lp(a) yambiri, makamaka omwe ali ndi Familyal Hypercholesterolemia, pali chithandizo chotchedwa Apheresis . Izi zili ngati dialysis pamene impso zikulephera. Mumalumikizidwa ndi makina ndipo tinthu ta Lp(a) timasefedwa m'magazi. Komabe, ichi ndi chithandizo chomwe chimatenga maola angapo, chimayenera kuchitika kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata, ndipo chimachitidwa kwa odwala apadera okha.