Kodi mukufunanso kudziwa bwino lomwe kuti Mast Cells ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane izi mwachidule!

Mwina simunamvepo dzina lakuti 'Mast Cells' kale, sichoncho? Koma awa ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa selo womwe umateteza thupi lathu. Monga alonda ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa matupi athu. Komabe, nthawi zina alonda awa akasangalala kwambiri, timakumana ndi mavuto. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane, mwachidule, za maselo a mast awa, momwe amagwirira ntchito m'thupi lathu, komanso matenda omwe angayambitse.

Kodi Mast Cells ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, maselo a mast ndi asilikali apadera mu chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Amapangidwa m'mafupa athu. Kenako amayenda m'magazi mwathu ndikukhazikika m'maselo osiyanasiyana m'thupi lonse. Monga alonda omwe ali m'malo osiyanasiyana mdzikolo, maselo a mast awa ali m'malo osiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu, okonzeka kutiteteza ku zoopsa zakunja. Amatha kulimbana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndikuthandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a ziwalo za thupi lathu.

Komabe, nthawi zina ma mast cell amenewa amateteza kwambiri ndipo amayamba kuchitapo kanthu pazinthu zomwe sizingativulaze kwenikweni. Ngati muli ndi ziwengo za nyengo kapena mphumu ya allergic, chifukwa chimodzi cha izi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito ya mast cell. Nthawi zina zoopsa, mast cell activation ingayambitsenso mwadzidzidzi komanso vuto lalikulu lotchedwa anaphylaxis . Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi maselo a mast cell amachita chiyani ku matupi athu?

Maselo a mast amagwira ntchito ngati 'njira yodziwira' ya thupi lathu. Amateteza matupi athu ku zinthu zowononga zakunja, monga mavairasi, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda , komanso poizoni monga poizoni wa njoka ndi poizoni wa njuchi. Amalimbananso ndi chilichonse chomwe akuganiza kuti ndi choopsa, ngakhale chitakhala choyipa. Pamenepo ndi pomwe timakumana ndi zovuta .

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri ya maselo oyera a m'magazi, maselo a mast sawononga mwachindunji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. M'malo mwake, amakhala maso mkati mwa minofu yathu, akudikirira chizindikiro chakuti china chake choopsa chalowa m'thupi.

Kodi mast cell amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Tangoganizani kuti chinthu chomwe simukuchikonda, mwachitsanzo, fumbi, mungu, kapena chakudya chomwe muli ndi vuto la ziwengo, chimalowa m'thupi lanu. Mtundu wina wapadera wa selo m'thupi lathu loteteza thupi, wotchedwa maselo a B, umazindikira cholowachi. Akachizindikira, amayamba kupanga mapuloteni apadera, otchedwa ma antibodies, kuti amenyane nacho. Ma antibodies enieni omwe amapangidwa panthawiyi amatchedwa Immunoglobulin E (IgE).Kunena.

Ma antibodies a IgE awa amafika mwachangu ndikulumikizana ndi ma receptor enaake pamwamba pa mast cell, monga chikhadabo cha mphaka. Nthawi ina yomwe wolowa yemweyo (monga mungu, fumbi) abweranso m'thupi, IgE yomwe ili pa mast cells idzaigwira.

Pamenepo ndi pamene mast cells "amayatsidwa." Zimakhala ngati alamu yoyaka moto ikuwomba.

Maselo a mast akayamba kugwira ntchito motere, mwadzidzidzi amatulutsa mankhwala otchedwa histamine ndi mankhwala ena ambiri omwe amasungidwa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono (tinthu tosungira) mkati mwa maselo amenewo. Izi zimatchedwa degranulation .

Ndi ma histamine ndi mankhwala ena omwe amayambitsa zizindikiro za ziwengo. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Mitsempha yathu yamagazi imakula, ndipo madzimadzi amasonkhana m'minofu yozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kutupa . Izi zimathandiza maselo oteteza thupi kuthamangira msanga kumalo omwe kachilomboka kakufalikira, ndikunyamula olowawo kupita ku ma lymph nodes kuti akawawononge.
• Kupanga kwa mafinya (phlegm) kumawonjezeka.
• Minofu yosalala m'njira yathu yopumira komanso m'mimba (matumbo) imafinya ndipo imayesa kutulutsa zinthu zovulaza ndi kayendedwe kofanana ndi mafunde (peristalsis).

Zinthu izi zingayambitse khungu lanu kufiira, kutupa, komanso kuyabwa. Mungakhale ndi mphuno yotuluka madzi, kuyetsemula, kapena chifuwa. Nthawi zina mungakhale ndi kutsegula m'mimba kapena kusanza. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, izi zingayambitse kutupa kwa njira zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kukhale kovuta, komanso kumayambitsa kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, komwe kungayambitse anaphylaxis yayikulu, yomwe ingayambitse imfa.

Maselo a Mast ndi homeostasis

Kupatula pa kuyambitsa ziwengo, maselo a mast amathandiza kulinganiza njira zosiyanasiyana m'thupi lathu, kutanthauza kuti, kusunga mkhalidwe wa 'homeostasis' . Nazi zitsanzo zingapo:

• Kukula kwa mitsempha yamagazi.
• Kukula kwa mafupa.
• Kukula ndi kukonzanso maselo a m'mapapo.

Kodi maselo a mast ali kuti m'thupi lathu?

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya maselo oyera a m'magazi, maselo a m'magazi ndi ochepa kwambiri m'magazi mwathu. Nthawi zambiri, timakumana ndi chinthu choopsa pochipumira, kuchidya, kapena kudzera mu bala la khungu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maselo a m'magazi nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu:

• Mu njira yathu yopumira ndi mapapo .
• Thupi lathu la m'mimba (njira ya m'mimba) (m'mimba, m'matumbo).

Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a mast awa amapezekanso mozungulira mitsempha yathu yamagazi ndi mitsempha.

Kodi ziwalo za selo la mast ndi ziti?

Ngati mutenga selo la mast, lili ndi nucleus pakati, yomwe ndi "ubongo" wa selo. Kuzungulira nucleus iyi kuli mazanamazana azinthu zazing'ono zonga thumba zotchedwa granules .Mkati mwa tinthuti mumasungidwa mankhwala osiyanasiyana (olumikizira) m'thupi. Mankhwalawa ndi omwe amatumiza zizindikiro ku thupi kuti lichitepo kanthu koopsa likakhudza chinthu choopsa. Zina mwa mankhwala akuluakulu ndi awa:

• Histamine: Takambirana kale za izi. Imakulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, kulola madzi ndi maselo oteteza thupi kulowa m'thupi. Imatsekerezanso njira zopumira mpweya ndi m'mimba, ndikupanga mamina kuti athandize kutulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
• Mapuloteni: (Zitsanzo: tryptase, chymase, carboxypeptidase A). Mapuloteni ndi mtundu wa enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni. Amathandiza kuphwanya minofu yolumikizana, zomwe zimathandiza maselo oteteza thupi kufika mosavuta m'deralo.
• Ma cytokine/chemokine: Awa ndi mapuloteni ang'onoang'ono omwe amauza maselo ena oteteza thupi kuti adzipange okha, kuti mitsempha yamagazi ikhale "yomata" kuti maselo oteteza thupi azitha kutumizidwa ku minofu, ndikusonkhanitsa maselo kuti ayeretse ndikukonza malo owonongeka.
• Heparin: Izi zimaletsa magazi kuundana, motero zimathandiza kuti mitsempha yamagazi isatseguke.

Mast cell receptors

Maselo a mast ali ndi ma receptor osiyanasiyana pamwamba pawo. Awa ndi mapuloteni opangidwa mwapadera. Monga momwe kiyi imagwirira loko, ma receptor awa amalumikizana ndi mapuloteni ena olumikizirana kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito maselo a mast.

Mwa izi, cholandirira cha IgE, chomwe tidakambirana kale, ndicho chodziwika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mast cells alinso ndi zolandirira za mitundu ina ya ma antibodies (monga Immunoglobulin G / IgG) komanso zodziwira mwachindunji tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (monga zolandirira za Toll-like).

Kodi ndi matenda ati omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi maselo a mast?

Zina mwa zinthu zomwe timaziona zokhudzana ndi maselo a mast ndi izi:

• Ziwengo zachilengedwe (monga fumbi, mungu, dander ya ziweto)
• Mphumu
• Ziwengo za chakudya
• Matuza/ Matenda a Zilonda

Matenda osowa a mast cell

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zinthu zingapo zachilendo zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maselo a mast:

• Matenda a Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS): Uwu ndi mkhalidwe womwe, popanda chifukwa chomveka, zizindikiro za ziwengo kapena anaphylaxis zimachitika mobwerezabwereza.
• Nthawi zina pamakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha maselo a mast m'thupi (Mastocytosis).
• Matenda a alpha-tryptasemia / hypertryptasemia ya mabanja:Imeneyi ndi matenda a majini omwe amapezeka thupi likamalandira enzyme yotchedwa tryptase, yomwe imapangidwa ndi maselo a mast. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi vutoli samakhala ndi zizindikiro.

Kodi zizindikiro zofala za matenda a mast cell ndi ziti?

Histamine yomwe imatulutsidwa mu matenda a mast cell ingayambitse zizindikiro monga:

• Kusintha mtundu wa khungu, kufiira, kapena kuyabwa.
• Kutupa (edema) .
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kubwerezabwereza kwa anaphylaxis .

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa kuti adziwe matenda awa?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti muli ndi vuto la mast cell, angachite mayeso ngati awa kuti aone ngati mast cell anu agwira ntchito:

• Kuyesa mkodzo.
• Kuyezetsa magazi.
• Kuyesa kwa mafupa.
• Mayeso a khungu.

Dokotala akhoza kuchita mayeso a khungu la ziwengo kapena magazi kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zina labu ingathenso kuchita mayeso a majini kuti ione ngati zizindikiro zanu zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda obadwa nawo.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo cha matenda a mast cell chimadalira zizindikiro zanu komanso zomwe zimayambitsa. Chithandizo chingaphatikizepo:

• Kupewa zinthu zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa ziwengo .
• Mankhwala oletsa zizindikiro. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo antihistamines , ochepetsa asidi, ndi mankhwala osintha leukotriene (monga montelukast).
• Mankhwala oletsa kufalikira kwa maselo a mast. Mankhwalawa amaletsa kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala monga histamine kuchokera ku maselo a mast.
• Mankhwala ochepetsa kapena kuchiza anaphylaxis. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala monga epinephrine ndi omalizumab .
• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu/mankhwala ochizira matenda a chemotherapy . Pa milandu yoopsa ya mastocytosis, nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha maselo a khansa.

Kotero, kodi mast cell ndi abwino kapena oipa?

Anthu ambiri amangomva za maselo a mast cell pamene china chake chalakwika nawo, kotero mungaganize kuti maselo a mast ndi oipa. Koma kwenikweni, amathandiza kuteteza matupi athu ku ziwanda zoopsa komanso kuwongolera ziwalo zathu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri, ndi abwino.

Tangoganizirani, ma siren akulira. Gulu la chitetezo likufika pamalopo. Maselo anu a mast amalira alamu, ndipo chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chimathamanga kuti chipulumutse tsikulo. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pa chitetezo cha thupi lathu. Koma nthawi zambiri timasamala kwambiri maselo a mast akamakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yawo. Koma amalimbitsanso chitetezo chathu ndikuthandizira kuwongolera mitsempha ndi ziwalo zathu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi ina mukayesa kuyetsemula, kutuluka madzi m'mphuno, kapena kumva kuyabwa pang'ono, musaiwale kuyamikira maselo anu a mast chifukwa cha kusamala kwawo!

Zinthu zoti muzikumbukire mwachidule

Choncho, chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira pa zonsezi ndi chakuti maselo ang'onoang'ono ndi ofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Amatiteteza ku matenda osiyanasiyana ndi poizoni wochokera kunja. Koma, nthawi zina akakhala ofooka kwambiri, amatha kuchitapo kanthu ku zinthu zomwe sizili zoopsa kwenikweni, zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala ndi matenda monga ziwengo.

Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro za ziwengo nthawi zambiri, monga kuyabwa pakhungu, ziphuphu, mphuno yotuluka madzi, kuyetsemula, kapena kupuma movutikira, chinthu chabwino kwambiri choti muchite ndikuwonana ndi dokotala ndikupeza upangiri popanda kunyalanyaza. Musadandaule, pali mankhwala omwe alipo masiku ano omwe angathandize kuwongolera matenda ambiriwa.

Maselo a m'mimba , chitetezo chamthupi, ziwengo, histamine, anaphylaxis, ntchito ya maselo, zizindikiro