Kodi chopumira mpweya ndi chinthu choopsa? Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza icho (Kupumira mpweya kwa makina)

Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha ndi nkhawa zambiri mukamva kuti munthu amene mumamudziwa mu Intensive Care Unit (ICU) wayikidwa pa ventilator. Mantha amenewa amawonjezeka chifukwa chosadziwa zambiri za makinawa. Ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chomwe chingathandize pankhondo pakati pa moyo ndi imfa. Chifukwa chake lero, tiyeni tikambirane za momwe ventilator, kapena monga momwe imatchulidwira mu sayansi ya zamankhwala, ilili ndi zomwe imachita, m'chinenero chosavuta komanso chomveka bwino.

Mwachidule, kodi chopumira mpweya n'chiyani?

Chopumira mpweya ndi makina omwe amathandiza munthu kupuma akamavutika kupuma yekha. Taganizirani izi ngati kugwiritsa ntchito ndodo zopumira mpweya mukasweka mwendo. Monga momwe ndodo zopumira zimakuthandizireni kuyenda ndi kulemera kwanu, chopumira mpweya chimatenga ntchito yopumira mpweya m'mapapu anu, kaya kwathunthu kapena pang'ono.

Zinthu izi zimachitika makamaka ndi makina opumira mpweya:

• Zimapatsa mapapu anu mpweya womwe amafunikira.
• Zimathandiza kuchotsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide womwe umasonkhana m'mapapo.
• Tizikwama tating'onoting'ono ta mpweya m'mapapo, totchedwa alveoli, timapereka mphamvu yofunikira kuti titseguke popanda kugwa.

Madokotala amatha kusintha makinawa malinga ndi zosowa za wodwalayo.

Kodi Kulowetsa Thupi ndi Kutsegula M'mimba ndi Zinthu Zosiyana?

Inde. Apa ndi pomwe anthu ambiri amasokonezeka. Ngakhale kuti izi zimachitika limodzi, izi ndi njira ziwiri zosiyana.

• Kulowetsa m'chubu: Njira imene dokotala amalowetsa chubu mu mphuno ya wodwalayo (trachea) kudzera pakamwa pa wodwalayo.
• Kupuma Moyenera: Izi zikutanthauza kulumikiza chubu cholowetsedwa mwanjira iyi ndi chopumira chomwe chimathandiza kupuma.

Nthawi zina, n'zotheka kulumikiza chopumira mpweya ku chigoba cha nkhope chomwe chimakwanira bwino pankhope, popanda kuyika chubu chonga ichi.

Kodi ndi njira ziti zopumira zomwe zilipo?

Ma ventilator amakankhira mpweya m'mapapo pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yabwino. Izi zitha kuchitika m'njira ziwiri zazikulu. Kuti izi zikhale zosavuta kumvetsetsa, tiyeni tipange tebulo ngati ili.

Ndani akufunika thandizo la makina opumulira mpweya?

Chithandizo cha makina opumira mpweya chingafunike nthawi iliyonse munthu akalephera kupuma yekha, makamaka pazochitika ngati izi:

• Pa opaleshoni: Mankhwala oletsa kupuma amachepetsa mphamvu zathu zopumira. Chifukwa chake, chopumira chimathandiza kupuma nthawi zonse panthawi yonse ya opaleshoni.
• Matenda kapena mikhalidwe yoopsa ya m'mapapo: Mu matenda monga chibayo, COVID-19, matenda otupa kupuma (ARDS), ndi matenda osatha oletsa kupuma (COPD).
• Ngozi kapena zadzidzidzi zachipatala: Pakachitika ngozi yomwe imayambitsa kutsekeka kwa mpweya kapena kulephera kupuma. Mwachitsanzo, vuto lalikulu la ziwengo (anaphylaxis).
• Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo: Kuwonongeka kwa ubongo, monga sitiroko kapena chikomokere, kungalepheretse uthenga wochokera ku ubongo kupita ku mapapo kuti usadutse bwino.
• Kusalinganika kwa mpweya m'magazi: Pazifukwa monga kuchuluka kwa carbon dioxide m'magazi (hypercapnia) kapena kuchepa kwa mpweya (hypoxemia).
• Kuletsa chakudya kapena malovu kulowa m'mapapo: Kuletsa kutulutsa madzi m'kamwa mwa munthu wosadziwa zomwe zimayambitsa matenda.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukalumikizidwa ndi chopumira mpweya?

Popeza munthu wolumikizidwa ndi makina opumira mpweya amafunika kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU).Kumeneko, gulu la madokotala ophunzitsidwa bwino, anamwino, ndi akatswiri ochiritsa matenda opumira limasamalira wodwalayo.

Kuyang'anira wodwalayo

Mudzaona kuti wokondedwa wanu ali ndi makina ena angapo olumikizidwa ku thupi lake. Amayesa nthawi zonse zinthu monga kuthamanga kwa magazi, kugunda kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa mpweya m'magazi, komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi. Amachitanso mayeso a pachifuwa ndi magazi.

Kuyamwa

Mafinya amatha kusonkhana m'njira yodutsa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, ogwira ntchito yosamalira ana nthawi zambiri amaika chubu chopyapyala (catheter) kuti achotse mafinya. Panthawiyi, wodwalayo akhoza kutsokomola. Izi zingakhale zovuta pang'ono kuti muziyang'ane, koma izi ndizofunikira kuti njira yodutsa mpweya ikhale yoyera.

Mankhwala, zakudya ndi ukhondo

Mankhwala ena amalowetsedwa m'mapapo kudzera mu chubu chopumira. Popeza sangathe kudya kapena kumwa, zakudya zamadzimadzi zimaperekedwa kudzera mu chubu chodutsa m'mphuno kupita m'mimba. Madzi ofunikira amaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kudzera mu saline.

Kodi wodwalayo ali maso?

Madokotala amayesetsa kuti wodwalayo akhale womasuka, wodekha, komanso watcheru momwe angathere. Komabe, kutengera momwe wodwalayo alili, kungakhale kofunikira kupatsa wodwalayo mpumulo ndikulola thupi lake kuchira, kapena kumugonetsa tulo tatikulu (deep sedation). Nthawi zina, wodwalayo angafunike kuletsedwa kuti asadzivulaze, mwachitsanzo, kuti aletse kuyesa kuchotsa chubucho. Izi zimachitika kuti wodwalayo akhale wotetezeka.

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake ndi ziti?

Monga chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, kugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira mpweya kuli ndi ubwino komanso zoopsa zake.

Kodi mumadzichotsa bwanji mu makina opumira mpweya?

Mkhalidwe wa wodwalayo ukayamba kukhala bwino ndipo madokotala akatsimikiza kuti akhoza kupuma okha, amayamba njira "yomuchotsa m'thupi" kuchokera mu chopumira mpweya. Choyamba, pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa thandizo kuchokera ku makina ndikuwona ngati wodwalayo angathe kupuma yekha. Ngati zonse zili bwino, chubu cha endotracheal (ET chubu) chimachotsedwa.

Mukachotsa chubucho, mungakhale ndi pakhosi lopweteka komanso mawu osamveka bwino kwa masiku angapo. Izi ndi zachilendo.