Tiyeni tiphunzire za mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's

Tikadziwa kuti amayi athu, abambo athu, kapena munthu wina wapafupi nafe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's, timamva chisoni komanso nkhawa zambiri. N'zovuta kuona kukumbukira kwawo kukutha pang'onopang'ono ndipo amaiwala zinthu. Koma musadandaule. Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala a matendawa, pali mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala omwe angathandize kuchepetsa zizindikiro, kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa matendawa, ndikupangitsa moyo wawo kukhala wosavuta. Lero, tikambirana za mankhwala amenewo.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ku ubongo mu matenda a Alzheimer's?

Tisanalankhule za mankhwalawa, tiyeni timvetse mosavuta zomwe zimachitika ku ubongo mu matenda a Alzheimer's. Mauthenga amatumizidwa pakati pa maselo amitsempha muubongo mwathu kudzera mu mankhwala. Mu matenda a Alzheimer's, mapuloteni osazolowereka (amyloid ndi tau) amayamba kusonkhana muubongo. Izi zimawononga maselo amitsempha ndikusokoneza kulumikizana pakati pawo. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri ziwalo za ubongo zomwe zimalamulira kukumbukira, kuganiza, ndi khalidwe .

Mankhwala omwe alipo panopa amalamulira kwambiri njirayi. Mankhwala ena amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala muubongo, pomwe mankhwala atsopano amayesa kuchotsa mapuloteni osazolowereka.

Mankhwala akuluakulu a matenda a Alzheimer's

Mankhwala a matenda a Alzheimer's akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Limodzi ndi mankhwala omwe amawongolera zizindikiro. Lina ndi mankhwala atsopano omwe amayesa kuwongolera kupita patsogolo kwa matendawa, kutanthauza kuipiraipira kwa matendawa.

1. Zoletsa Cholinesterase

Awa ndi mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa kwambiri kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer's kumayambiriro ndi pakati.

Kodi amagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mwachidule, ubongo wathu uli ndi mankhwala otchedwa acetylcholine , omwe ndi ofunikira pazinthu monga kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira. Mu matenda a Alzheimer's, kuchuluka kwa acetylcholine kumeneku kumachepa. Zimene mankhwalawa amachita ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa acetylcholine muubongo. Izi zimathandiza kuti mauthenga atumizidwe bwino pakati pa maselo amitsempha.

Kodi zotsatirapo zake ndi ziti?

Si aliyense amene amakumana ndi zotsatirapo zake, koma anthu ena amatha kuvutika ndi nseru, kusanza, kuvutika m'mimba, kudzimbidwa, komanso kutopa.

2. Memantine

Mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda apakati mpaka aakulu. Nthawi zina, dokotala amatha kuwapereka limodzi ndi Donepezil yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa.

Kodi imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mankhwala ena muubongo otchedwa glutamate amakhala okwera kwambiri mu matenda a Alzheimer's. Izi zitha kuwononga maselo amitsempha. Memantine imagwira ntchito powongolera kuchuluka kwa glutamate kumeneku. Izi zitha kusintha chidwi cha wodwala, kuganiza bwino, komanso chilankhulo. Zimathandizanso kuwongolera zizindikiro monga kusakhazikika, nkhanza, ndi kuwona/kumva zinthu zomwe sizilipo .

Zotsatirapo zake: Kudzimbidwa, chizungulire, mutu, komanso kugona tulo kungachitike.

3. Mankhwala atsopano omwe amalimbana ndi ma amyloid omwe ali muubongo

Izi ndi njira zatsopano zochizira matenda a Alzheimer's. Izi ndi mankhwala apadera otchedwa ``monoclonal antibodies.'' Mankhwalawa amalunjika mwachindunji ku mapuloteni owopsa otchedwa amyloid plaques omwe amasonkhana muubongo. Amaperekedwa kudzera mu mitsempha (IV). Pakadali pano amavomerezedwa kokha kwa odwala omwe ali kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.

• Lecanemab (Leqembi)
• Donanemab (Kisunla)

Mankhwalawa awonetsedwa m'mayesero kuti amachepetsa kwambiri kufalikira kwa matendawa. Komabe, amatha kuyambitsa zotsatirapo zoopsa monga kutupa kwakanthawi kwa ubongo kapena kutuluka magazi pang'ono, kotero amaperekedwa mosamala kwambiri komanso moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.

Zinthu zomwe muyenera kudziwa mukamapatsa wodwala mankhwala

Monga wosamalira munthu amene ali ndi matenda a Alzheimer, muli ndi udindo waukulu, makamaka kuwapatsa mankhwala awo pa nthawi yake. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe muyenera kudziwa.

Poyamba matendawa:

Ngakhale wodwalayo atha kumwa mankhwalawo yekha poyamba, pang'onopang'ono angaiwale za izi. Chitani izi kuti mumuthandize.

• Gwiritsani ntchito chokonzera mapiritsi: Sungani mankhwala anu mwadongosolo kwa sabata. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi imodzi yokhala ndi magawo a m'mawa, masana, ndi madzulo.
• Dzikumbutseni pa nthawi yake: Ikani alamu pafoni yanu. Kapena, ngati mungathe, imbani foni ndikudzikumbutseni panthawiyo.
• Lankhulani nawo: Afunseni mwachikondi kuti, "Kodi ndingakuthandizeni kupeza mankhwala anu?" Athandizeni pamene akulemekeza ufulu wawo.

Matendawa akakula kwambiri:

Pakapita nthawi, mudzayenera kutenga udindo wonse wopereka mankhwala.

• Ngati mukuvutika kumeza mapiritsi: Mwina chifukwa chakuti pakamwa panu pauma. Patsani mwana wanu madzi musanamupatse mankhwalawo. Koma ngati sizikugwira ntchito, funsani dokotala wanu ngati mankhwalawo angaphwanyidwe ndi kusakanizidwa ndi chakudya, kapena ngati akupezeka mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi. Si mankhwala onse abwino kuphwanyidwa , choncho onetsetsani kuti mwafunsa dokotala wanu.
• Ngati akunena kuti sangathe kumwa mankhwalawo: Musamenyane nawo. Zimenezi zidzangowakwiyitsa kwambiri. Pamenepo, siyani kumwa, dikirani pang'ono, kenako yesaninso. Mwina angamwe ngati muwakumbutsa mofatsa kuti, "Uwu ndi mankhwala a vuto lanu." Ngati apitiriza kukana, uzani dokotala wanu.
• Sungani mndandanda wa mankhwala: Lembani mankhwala onse, mavitamini, ndi mlingo womwe amamwa, komanso nthawi yomwe amamwa. Tengani mndandandawu mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala.
• Sungani mankhwala anu mosamala: Sungani mankhwala onse m'kabati yotsekedwa, pamalo omwe ana ndi odwala sangafikire.