Kodi mukudziwa za zotupa za m'mphuno ndi paranasal? Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi mphuno yotsekeka? Kapena mumamva ngati ili mbali imodzi yokha? Kodi nthawi zina mumatuluka magazi m'mphuno? Ngakhale mungaganize kuti ndi chimfine chabe, nthawi zina pangakhale chifukwa china chomwe chimayambitsa izi. Lero tikambirana za mitundu ya zotupa zomwe zingapangidwe m'mphuno ndi mabowo ogwirizana nawo (sinuses).

Kodi chotupa cha m'mphuno n'chiyani?

Mwachidule, mphuno ya polyp ndi kukula kosazolowereka kwa maselo komwe kumachitika m'mphuno kapena m'mabowo odzaza mpweya ozungulira mphuno yanu (paranasal sinuses). Zina mwa izi zitha kukhala zopanda vuto , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti si khansa. Zina zimatha kukhala zoopsa , zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi khansa.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa za m'mphuno zomwe si za khansa (zosavulaza):

Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotupa zosavuta, zomwe siziwopseza moyo.

• Ma polyps a m'mphuno: Mwina munamvapo za izi. Ndi zotupa zofewa, zopanda ululu zomwe zimapangika mkati mwa mphuno. Anthu ena amakula ndi kutsekeka kwa mphuno pafupipafupi.
• Hemangioma: Izi ndi zotupa zopangidwa ndi mitsempha yamagazi. Nthawi zina zimatha kuoneka ngati ziphuphu zazing'ono zofiira.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya zotupa za m'mphuno zomwe zimakhala ndi khansa:

Izi ndi zoopsa pang'ono, chifukwa ndi khansa. Zimafunika chithandizo chachangu.

• Khansa ya maselo a squamous
• Adenocarcinoma
• Neuroblastoma : Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba m'maselo a mitsempha.
• Adenoid cystic carcinoma
• Sarcoma: Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha minofu yolumikizana monga mafupa, cartilage, ndi mafuta.

Kodi kusiyana pakati pa chotupa cha m'mphuno ndi chotupa cha paranasal sinus ndi kotani?

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi ndi komwe chotupacho chimamera. Taganizirani ngati zipinda ziwiri m'nyumba.

• Chotupa cha m'mphuno: Chimayamba mkati mwa mphuno yanu. Ndiko kuti, kumbuyo kwa mphuno, mu njira yaikulu yomwe timapumira.
• Chotupa cha paranasal sinus: Ichi chimayambira m'mabowo odzaza mpweya ozungulira mphuno (paranasal sinuses). Mabowo awa ndi komwe sinusitis imachitika, ndipo imapanga. Mabowo awa amathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa chigaza ndikupereka mawu omveka bwino.

Ndani amavutika ndi mphuno?

Ndipotu, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi matendawa. Mwana, wachinyamata, munthu wokalamba, aliyense ali pachiwopsezo. Komabe, matenda a khansa m'mphuno amapezeka kwambiri mwa anthu azaka zopitirira 55. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti amuna ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri matenda a m'mphuno kuposa akazi .

Kodi ma polyps a m'mphuno ndi ofala?

Ayi, ma polyps a m'mphuno ndi osowa kwambiri.Chinachake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti si matenda omwe amakhudza aliyense. Khansa ya mphuno ndi paranasal sinuses ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri la khansa yonse ya mutu ndi khosi. Chifukwa chake palibe chodetsa nkhawa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa zizindikiro zake.

Kodi zizindikiro za chotupa cha m'mphuno ndi ziti?

Muyenera kuda nkhawa pang'ono ndi zizindikiro izi, chifukwa zina mwa izo zingafanane ndi zizindikiro za chimfine kapena matenda a sinus.

• Kutsekeka kwa mphuno pafupipafupi kapena kutsekeka kwa sinus, makamaka mbali imodzi , ngati kupitirirabe osachira.
• Kutaya kapena kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya kumva fungo (anosmia) . Khalani ndi nkhawa ngati mwadzidzidzi mwataya mphamvu yanu yomva fungo lodziwika bwino.
• Kutuluka magazi m'mphuno , makamaka ngati kumachitika pafupipafupi komanso mbali imodzi yokha.
• Mutu , makamaka umene umapitirira ndipo sumatha ngakhale mutalandira mankhwala.
• Kutuluka kwa madzi m'mphuno, komwe ndi kumva ngati mamina akutuluka m'mphuno kupita kukhosi .
• Madzi achikasu kapena obiriwira, ofanana ndi mafinya, amatuluka m'mphuno .
• Kung'ambika kwa maso pafupipafupi (kuposa masiku onse).
• Kusintha kwa mawu , ngati kuti akulankhula kudzera m'mphuno.
• Kumva kupweteka kapena dzanzi kuzungulira mphuno, maso, makutu, masaya, kapena pamphumi .
• Chotupa kapena kutupa pankhope, mphuno, padenga la pakamwa, kapena pakhosi .
• Matenda a m'khutu kapena kutuluka madzi m'khutu pafupipafupi .
• Kuvutika kumva kapena kumva kulira kosalekeza m'makutu.
• Mavuto a maso: Maso otupa kapena diso limodzi lotulukira patsogolo, kusawona bwino, kuona kawiri, ndi zina zotero.
• Kuvuta kutsegula pakamwa panu kapena kupweteka m'dera la nsagwada.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa mphuno kuoneka ngati zithupsa?

Ndipotu, ma polyps a m'mphuno amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kapena kusintha kosazolowereka kwa majini omwe amalamulira kukula kwa maselo m'thupi lathu. Akatswiri akuyesetsabe kupeza chifukwa chenicheni chomwe kusintha kwa majini kumeneku kumachitika.

Komabe, zinthu zina zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zapezeka zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi ma polyps a m'mphuno.

• Utsi wa fodya: Sikuti kusuta fodya ndi bidis kokha ndikoopsa, komanso kupuma utsi wa ndudu za anthu ena (kusuta fodya wina) ndikoopsa.
• Kukumana ndi fumbi la matabwa kapena fumbi la chikopa kwa nthawi yayitali. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito m'makampani osema matabwa, mipando, ndi nsapato.
• Kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala ndi utsi wina: Mwachitsanzo, kukhudzidwa ndi guluu, radium, solvents, nickel, chromium, ndi formaldehyde.
• Palinso umboni wakuti matenda ena opatsirana ndi mavairasi (monga Human Papillomavirus - HPV) angakhale nawo.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe angabwere ngati ma polyps a m'mphuno sanachiritsidwe?

Ngati ndi chotupa cha khansa m'mphuno, chingafalikire ku ziwalo zina za thupi (metastasis) . Ndicho chinthu choopsa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, chingafalikire ku ma lymph nodes m'khosi, m'mapapo, m'chiwindi, ndi m'mafupa. Komabe, ngati dokotala azindikira chotupachi msanga , chiopsezo cha kufalikira kumeneku chingachepe kwambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake tikukulimbikitsani kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala zizindikiro zikayamba kuwonekera.

Magawo a khansa ya m'mphuno ndi paranasal sinus

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yoyezera matenda kuti adziwe kutalika kwa chotupa m'mphuno kapena paranasal sinuses. Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera chithandizo. Pali magawo anayi akuluakulu:

• Gawo Loyamba: Chotupacho chikadali mkati mwa mphuno kapena paranasal sinuses. Sichinafalikire.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Chotupacho chafalikira kumadera ena a mphuno kapena paranasal sinuses, koma chikadali mkati mwa malire amenewo.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Chotupacho chafalikira mpaka ku mafupa a sinus kapena m'maso. Chikhozanso kufalikira mpaka ku lymph node yapafupi.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Iyi ndi gawo loopsa kwambiri. Chotupacho chafalikira ku minofu yapafupi, monga ubongo, pansi pa chigaza, kapena mbali zakuya za khosi. Chikhozanso kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes akutali kapena mbali zina zakutali za thupi (monga mapapo).

Ngati muli ndi mafunso okhudza gawo ili la khansa, lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu. Iye ndiye munthu woyenera kukuuzani bwino momwe mulili. Musaope kufunsa.

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji chotupa m'mphuno?

Choyamba, mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zanu, adzakuyesani thupi ndikufunsani za zizindikiro zanu, mbiri ya matenda a m'banja lanu, komanso ntchito yanu. Kenako, adzakulangizani mayeso ena oyenera matenda anu. Izi zingaphatikizepo:

• Endoscopy ya mphuno: Mu njirayi, dokotala amaika chubu chopyapyala komanso chosinthasintha (chokhala ndi kuwala pang'ono ndi kamera) m'mphuno kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa mphuno ndi m'maenje a sinus. Izi zitha kuwona chilichonse chachilendo, monga chotupa. Ngati pakufunika, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chingatengedwe kuti chikayesedwe (biopsy) panthawiyi.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa mu labu kuti chiwone ngati muli ndi matenda komanso zizindikiro zina za chotupa.
• Mayeso ojambulira: Izi zitha kuphatikizapo ma X-ray , ma MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) , kapena ma CT (computed tomography) . Ma scan amenewa amatha kusonyeza zambiri zokhudza chotupacho, monga kukula kwake, komwe chili, ngati chafalikira ku minofu yapafupi, komanso ngati ma lymph nodes akhudzidwa.
• Kuyeza kwa magazi: Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera. Apa, dokotala amatenga kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikutumiza ku labu kuti akawunikenso histopathological. Kuyeza kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa ngati chotupacho ndi khansa kapena ayi, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi khansa yamtundu wanji.

Kodi mumachiza bwanji ziphuphu za m'mphuno?

Chithandizo cha chotupa cha m'mphuno chimadalira zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo thanzi lanu lonse, mtundu wa chotupa (chomwe chili ndi khansa kapena ayi), kukula ndi malo a chotupacho, gawo la khansayo, ndi zomwe mumakonda.

Kawirikawiri, madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti achotsedwe opaleshoni ya zotupa za m'mphuno zomwe sizili khansa.

Pa zotupa za m'mphuno zomwe zili ndi khansa, njira imodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, komanso nthawi zina chemotherapy.

Opaleshoni

Cholinga chachikulu cha opaleshoni ndi kuchotsa chotupa cha m'mphuno momwe mungathere. Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi, dokotalayo amachotsanso (kuduladula khosi). Nthawi zina, kutengera komwe chotupacho chili, opaleshoni ikhoza kuchitika mkati mwa mphuno pogwiritsa ntchito endoscope (opaleshoni ya endoscopic), popanda kudula kunja. Komabe, pa zotupa zina zazikulu, kuduladula kungafunike kupangidwa kunja kwa nkhope kapena mutu. Kutengera ndi matenda anu, gulu lanu lachipatala likhoza kuphatikizapo madokotala a opaleshoni ya pakamwa, madokotala a mitsempha, ndi akatswiri a khutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (akatswiri a ENT).

Chithandizo cha X-ray

Izi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito kuwala kwamphamvu kwambiri kuti kuphe maselo a khansa. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni chithandizo cha radiation chokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa opaleshoni isanachitike kuti ichepetse chotupa (neoadjuvant therapy). Kapena, chithandizo cha radiation chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni kuti chiphe maselo ena onse a khansa otsala (adjuvant therapy). Kwa anthu omwe sangathe kuchitidwa opaleshoni kapena omwe sakufuna opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation chokha chingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa opaleshoni.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsa khansa kuti aphe maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa pakamwa kapena kudzera m'mitsempha. Chemotherapy sigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pochiza ma polyps a m'mphuno monga opaleshoni kapena chithandizo cha radiation. Komabe, nthawi zina zoopsa, pamene khansa yafalikira, kapena kuti iwonjezere zotsatira za chithandizo cha radiation (chemoradiation), dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy.

Kodi mungayembekezere chiyani ngati muli ndi chotupa m'mphuno mwanu?

Ngati muli ndi chotupa cha m'mphuno chomwe sichili khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muchotsedwe opaleshoni.Matenda a m'mphuno omwe si khansa nthawi zambiri saika moyo pachiswe ndipo ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa choti abwererenso.

Komabe, ngati muli ndi chotupa cha m'mphuno chomwe chili ndi khansa, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzapanga dongosolo la chithandizo lomwe likugwirizana ndi inu. Lingaphatikizepo opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, chemotherapy, kapena kuphatikiza kwa mankhwala awa. Muyenera kupitiriza kuyesedwa pambuyo pa chithandizo kuti muwone ngati khansa yabwerera.

Kodi ma cysts m'mphuno ndi m'mphuno za paranasal angachiritsidwe?

Matenda ambiri a khansa m'mphuno amatha kuchiritsidwa, makamaka ngati apezeka msanga. Monga mitundu ina ya khansa, matenda a m'mphuno akapitirira nthawi yaitali, m'pamenenso amatha kukula ndi kufalikira. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wochira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timati muyenera kudziwa zizindikiro ndikuonana ndi dokotala mwamsanga ngati muli ndi nkhawa.

Kuchuluka kwa Kupulumuka kwa Khansa ya Mphuno ndi Ma Cavities a Paranasal

Chiŵerengero cha zaka zisanu za moyo wa ma polyp a m'mphuno chimasiyana, kutengera momwe khansa yafalikira.

• Ngati chotupacho chili m'mphuno kapena m'mphuno mwa mphuno (zomwe zili m'malo ena), chiŵerengero cha moyo wa zaka zisanu ndi pafupifupi 82% . Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu 82 mwa anthu 100 aliwonse omwe ali ndi chotupa chamtunduwu adzakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.
• Ngati khansa yafalikira ku minofu yapafupi kapena ma lymph nodes (a m'deralo), chiŵerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 52% .
• Ngati khansa yafalikira kumadera akutali a thupi, kuchuluka kumeneku kumawonjezeka kufika pa 42% .

Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira izi: Chiwerengero cha anthu opulumuka ndi ziwerengero, kutanthauza kuti, zowerengera. Sizikukuuzani nthawi yeniyeni yomwe mudzakhala ndi moyo kapena momwe chithandizo chanu chidzayendere bwino. Mkhalidwe wa aliyense ndi wosiyana. Ngati muli ndi mafunso enieni okhudza izi, ndi bwino kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Musataye mtima.

Kodi ma polyps a m'mphuno angapewedwe?

Palibe njira yopewera kwathunthu ma polyps a m'mphuno. Komabe, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu mwa kusiya kusuta fodya, kupewa utsi wogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi munthu wina, komanso kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi utsi ndi fumbi loopsa la mankhwala . Ngati mumagwira ntchito pamalo omwe pali mankhwala kapena fumbi loopsa (monga fumbi la matabwa, fumbi la chikopa), onetsetsani kuti mwatsatira njira zoyenera zodzitetezera ndikuvala zida zoyenera zodzitetezera (monga zophimba nkhope, zopumira).

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za chotupa cha m'mphuno, monga kutuluka magazi pafupipafupi, kutaya fungo, kutsekeka kwa mphuno kosalekeza (makamaka mbali imodzi), kupweteka pankhope kapena kutupa, muyenera kuwonana ndi dokotala nthawi yomweyo.Akawonana ndi dokotala, ngati akuona kuti ndikofunikira, adzakutumizani kwa katswiri wa khutu, mphuno, ndi pakhosi (ENT specialist).

Ndi mafunso ati omwe muyenera kufunsa dokotala wanu?

Ngati inuyo kapena munthu wina wapafupi nanu wapezeka ndi chotupa cha m'mphuno, musachite mantha kapena kukayikira kufunsa dokotala wanu mafunso awa:

• Kodi chotupa ichi ndi khansa kapena si khansa?
• Kodi chotupacho chili kuti kwenikweni?
• Kodi chotupacho ndi chachikulu bwanji?
• Kodi yafalikira? Ngati ndi choncho, kuti? (Kodi yafalikira? Ngati ndi choncho, kuti?)
• Kodi gawo la izi ndi lotani?
• Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chamtundu wanji? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani? (Kodi mumalimbikitsa chithandizo chamtundu wanji? Ndipo chifukwa chiyani?)
• Kodi chithandizo chimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji?
• Kodi ndiyenera kubwera kangati kudzalandira chithandizo?
• Kodi zotsatirapo zake za chithandizo ndi ziti? Kodi zingatheke bwanji kuzithetsa?
• Kodi ndidzatha kugwira ntchito kapena kupita kusukulu pamene ndikulandira chithandizo?
• Kodi moyo wanga udzakhala bwanji nditalandira chithandizo? Kodi ndingayembekezere kuchira kwathunthu?
• Kodi pali njira zina zochiritsira matenda zomwe zingandithandize?

Kodi mumamva bwanji mukakhala ndi chotupa m'mphuno mwanu?

Poyamba, zizindikiro za mphuno ya polyp zimafanana kwambiri ndi za chimfine. Ndicho chifukwa chake anthu ambiri sachiyang'anira kwambiri. Pamene vutoli likupitirira, mungakumane ndi mphuno yotsekeka mbali imodzi yomwe siikuchira ndipo imakhala yopitirira. Zizindikiro zina zingaphatikizepo kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, kupweteka pankhope, komanso kutaya fungo. Ngati muli ndi mphuno yotsekeka kapena sinus yotsekeka, kapena zizindikiro zina zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira

Ma polyps a m'mphuno ndi zotupa zachilendo zomwe zimapangidwa mkati mwa mphuno kapena paranasal sinuses. Zingakhale khansa kapena ayi. Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha komanso nkhawa mukamva kuti muli ndi polyp. Izi zimachitika kwa aliyense.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa ali ndi khansa, lankhulani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za njira zochiritsira ndi mapulogalamu othandizira. Dziwani zambiri. Funsani mafunso. Zingakhalenso zothandiza kulankhula ndi mlangizi kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi nkhawa, mantha, ndi nkhawa zomwe zimabwera ndi nthawi ino. Ngati mungathe, lowani nawo gulu lothandizira khansa, kaya lapafupi kapena pa intaneti. Kulankhula ndi ena omwe akukumana ndi zinthu zomwezo ndi kugawana malingaliro ndikwabwino pa thanzi lanu la maganizo. Zingakuthandizeni kumva ngati simuli nokha.

` Zotupa za m'mphuno, zotupa za paranasal, khansa ya m'mphuno, khansa ya sinus, kutsekeka kwa mphuno, kutuluka magazi m'mphuno, kutaya fungo