Kodi chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chafooka? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Neutropenia!

Kodi mukudziwa kuti kachilombo kakalowa m'thupi mwathu, thupi lathu limakhala ndi gulu lankhondo lolimbana nalo? Gulu limodzi la asilikali apadera kwambiri m'gululi limatchedwa Neutrophil. Koma nthawi zina, chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha asilikali amenewa m'thupi mwathu chimachepa. Pamenepo ndi pamene ngakhale matenda ang'onoang'ono amakhala aakulu ndipo matenda amayamba kuchitika pafupipafupi. Lero tikulankhula za vuto ili lotchedwa 'Neutropenia', momwe asilikali oteteza thupi amachepa.

Mwachidule, kodi Neutropenia ndi chiyani?

Neutropenia (yotchulidwa kuti neutro-pe-nia) ndi vuto lomwe chiwerengero cha ma neutrophils, mtundu wa maselo oyera a m'magazi, m'magazi mwanu chimakhala chotsika kuposa chachibadwa. Ma neutrophils amenewa amapangidwa makamaka m'mafupa athu. Ntchito yawo yaikulu ndikupeza ndikuwononga majeremusi, monga mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi, omwe amalowa m'thupi mwathu.

Tangoganizirani zomwe zimachitika ma neutrophils awa akachepa. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko lafooka. Mphamvu ya thupi lathu yolimbana ndi majeremusi imachepa kwambiri. Pa milandu yoopsa, ngakhale mabakiteriya abwinobwino mkamwa ndi m'matumbo mwathu, omwe savulaza munthu wathanzi, angayambitse matenda oopsa.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophil kumagawidwa bwanji?

Dokotala adzazindikira izi poyang'ana zotsatira za magazi anu. Kawirikawiri, munthu wathanzi ayenera kukhala ndi ma neutrophils opitilira 1,500 pa microliter iliyonse ya magazi. Neutropenia imagawidwa m'magawo atatu kutengera momwe chiwerengerochi chilili chotsika.

Matendawa akhoza kukhala a nthawi yochepa (acute) kapena a nthawi yayitali (chronic). Akhozanso kukhala obadwa nawo kapena opezeka.

Kodi zifukwa zazikulu za neutropenia ndi ziti?

Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma neutrophils achepe. Kaya mafuta a m'mafupa sapanga ma neutrophils okwanira, kapena ma neutrophils omwe amapangidwa amawonongeka mwachangu kwambiri.

Nazi zina mwa zifukwa zazikulu:

• Khansa ndi mankhwala ake: Ichi ndi chifukwa chofala. Mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi radiation therapy, makamaka a khansa, amathanso kuwononga maselo athanzi otchedwa neutrophils, omwe amagawa maselo mwachangu, akawonongeka. Angayambitsidwenso ndi khansa ya m'magazi monga khansa ya m'magazi.
• Matenda: Matenda ena a mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa ma neutrophils kwakanthawi. Zitsanzo ndi monga HIV, Hepatitis, TB, ndi sepsis, matenda oopsa.
• Mankhwala ena: Kuwonjezera pa mankhwala a khansa, mankhwala ena omwe amatengedwa pa matenda ena angayambitsenso kuchepa kwa ma neutrophils ngati zotsatira zoyipa.
• Matenda a Autoimmune: Apa ndi pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira maselo athu athanzi a neutrophil molakwika, poganiza kuti ndi mdani. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo matenda monga lupus ndi rheumatoid arthritis.
• Kusowa zakudya: Vutoli likhoza kuchitikanso ngati thupi likusowa zakudya monga vitamini B12, folate, kapena copper.
• Zifukwa za majini: Anthu ena amatengera vutoli kuyambira kubadwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za neutropenia ndi ziti?

Chofunika apa ndichakuti Neutropenia yokha ilibe zizindikiro zilizonse. Komabe, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma neutrophils, mutha kukumana ndi zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha matenda omwe mumapeza mosavuta. Ngati mumadwala pafupipafupi, ikhoza kukhala chizindikiro cha Neutropenia.

Ngati matendawa achitika, zizindikiro zake zingaoneke ngati izi:

• Malungo (oposa madigiri 38 Celsius kapena madigiri 100.4 Fahrenheit)
• Kumva kutopa kwambiri komanso wopanda moyo
• Chikhure
• Kutupa kwa mafupa a thupi
• Zilonda zopweteka mkamwa kapena m'makowa
• Kutsegula m'mimba
• Kupsa ndi kupweteka pokodza
• Matenda a pakhungu (kufiira, kutupa, kupweteka)

Ngati mulingo wanu wa neutropenia ndi wochepa, mwina mungakhale ndi ma neutrophils okwanira m'thupi lanu kuti muthane ndi matenda. Mwina simungakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse pakadali pano.

Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?

Chithandizo chimadalira chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ma neutrophil m'magazi anu komanso kuopsa kwake. Matenda ena ofooka sangafunike chithandizo chilichonse.

Nazi zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira:

• Mankhwala Opha Majeremusi: Ngati muli ndi neutropenia pamodzi ndi malungo (otchedwa `febrile neutropenia`), izi zitha kukhala chizindikiro cha matenda oopsa. Zikatero, dokotala wanu angakulowetseni kuchipatala ndikukupatsani mankhwala amphamvu opha majeremusi kudzera m'mitsempha (kudzera mu mzere).
• Corticosteroids: Ngati neutropenia yanu imayamba chifukwa cha matenda odziteteza okha, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kuti azitha kuyang'anira ntchito ya chitetezo cha mthupi.
• G-CSF (Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor): Iyi ndi jakisoni yapadera yomwe imalimbikitsa mafuta a m'mafupa ndikuwonjezera kupanga maselo oyera amagazi (makamaka ma neutrophils). Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe akulandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy.
• Kusintha mankhwala: Ngati vuto lanu layamba chifukwa cha mankhwala, dokotala wanu angasiye kumwa mankhwalawo kapena kusintha mlingo wake.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndidziteteze ku matenda?

Ngati mukudziwa kuti muli ndi neutropenia, chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikudziteteza ku matenda. Popeza chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chafooka, muyenera kusamala kwambiri.

• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa ngati madzi sakupezeka.
• Pewani anthu odwala komanso malo odzaza anthu momwe mungathere.
• Pezani katemera wanu wonse wofunikira , monga katemera wa chimfine, pa nthawi yake. Funsani dokotala wanu kuti akupatseni upangiri pankhaniyi.
• Pewani mabala ndi mikwingwirima. Tsukani ndipo chizani ngakhale mabala ang'onoang'ono mwachangu.
• Samalani kwambiri za ukhondo wa chakudya. Tsukani ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso bwino musanadye. Phikani nyama, nsomba, ndi mazira bwino musanadye.
• Musagwiritse ntchito mbale za anthu ena, makapu, masipuni, malezala, matawulo, ndi maburashi a mano.
• Ngati mukugwira ntchito m'munda, valani magolovesi.
• Mukachotsa zinyalala za ziweto kapena kusintha matewera a ana aang'ono, onetsetsani kuti mwavala magolovesi ndipo musamba m'manja bwino mukamaliza.
• Pewani kusambira m'madzi osayera monga nyanja, mitsinje, ndi maiwe.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yanji mwamsanga?

Ngati mukulandira chithandizo cha chemotherapy kapena muli ndi vuto lina lomwe lingayambitse neutropenia, musazengereze ngati mukupeza zizindikiro zotsatirazi. Imbani dokotala wanu nthawi yomweyo kapena pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.

Matenda a neutropenia si owopsa, koma ndikofunikira kudziwa za matendawa ndikusamala. Ngati mutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu mosamala ndikuchita zinthu zofunika kuti mudziteteze ku matenda, mutha kuthana ndi vutoli bwino.