Kodi mwadzidzidzi mwayamba kutentha thupi kwambiri ndipo mwayamba kutupa pang'ono komanso kupweteka? Mwina mwapita kokayenda m'nkhalango, kugwira ntchito pafamu, kapena kusamalira nyama? Ndiye kuti iyi ndi vuto lomwe simunamvepo, koma muyenera kulidziwa bwino. Limatchedwa tularemia m'mawu azachipatala. Ngakhale kuti ndi matenda osowa kwambiri, akhoza kukhala oopsa, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa za matendawa.
Mwachidule, kodi Tularemia ndi chiyani?
Tularemia ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya yotchedwa Francisella tularensis . Uwu ndi matenda omwe amatha kufalikira kuchokera ku nyama kupita kwa anthu, omwe amatchedwa matenda a zoonotic. Bakiteriya iyi nthawi zambiri imakhala m'matupi a nyama monga akalulu, agologolo, ndi makoswe. Imathanso kufalikira ndi tizilombo monga nkhupakupa ndi utitiri zomwe zimakhala m'matupi a nyama izi.
Matendawa amatha kukhudza ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi kutengera momwe amafalikira. Bakiteriya iyi ingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kutupa kowawa kwa ma lymph nodes, komanso matenda osiyanasiyana a mapapo, maso, pakhosi, ndi m'mimba. M'maiko ena, imatchedwanso "kalulu".
Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa?
Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kutenga tularemia, chiopsezo chanu chotenga kachilombo ka mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matendawa chikhoza kukhala chachikulu kutengera ntchito yanu, zosangalatsa zanu, kapena moyo wanu. Anthu otsatirawa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu pang'ono:
- Anthu amene amasaka kapena kugwira nyama yaiwisi: Mabakiteriyawa amatha kufalikira kudzera mu kukhudzana ndi nyama kapena madzi a m'thupi la nyama zosakidwa.
- Madokotala a ziweto ndi oyang'anira ziweto: Alinso pachiwopsezo chifukwa amagwira ntchito ndi ziweto nthawi zonse.
- Anthu ogwira ntchito m'malo omwe tizilombo timaluma: Alimi ndi omwe amagwira ntchito m'nkhalango ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cholumidwa ndi tizilombo monga nkhupakupa.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka: Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV , odwala khansa, kapena omwe akumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi amatha kudwala matendawa mosavuta.
- Ogwira ntchito m'minda ndi ometa ubweya wa nkhosa: Ogwira ntchitowa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ziweto komanso malo omwe amakhala.
- Ogwira ntchito m'ma laboratories: Anthu omwe amachita kafukufuku pa mabakiteriyawa ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilomboka.
Kodi chimachitika n’chiyani mabakiteriya amenewa akalowa m’thupi?
Tangoganizani kuti bakiteriya iyi yotchedwa `F. tularensis` imalowa m'thupi lanu. Chitetezo cha thupi lathu, maselo a chitetezo chamthupi, amayesa kugwira ndi "kuwononga" bakiteriya wachilendoyu. Kawirikawiri, bakiteriyayo amawonongedwa mkati mwa maselo amenewo.
Koma mabakiteriyawa ndi achinyengo kwambiri. M'malo mobisala mkati mwa maselo oteteza thupi, amayamba kugawikana ndikuchulukana mofulumira. Pamapeto pake, maselo oteteza thupi amawonongeka, ndipo gulu la mabakiteriya omwe amatuluka amalowa m'maselo ena m'thupi. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kwa maselo ndi kuyambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi poyankha ndizomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro zathu.
Kodi mitundu ndi zizindikiro za tularemia ndi ziti?
Matenda a Tularemia angagawidwe m'magulu akuluakulu angapo, kutengera momwe mabakiteriya amalowera m'thupi komanso komwe zizindikiro zake zimayambira. Kuti timvetse bwino izi, tiyeni tiwone tebulo ili.
| Mtundu wa matenda | Momwe imafalikira komanso komwe imakhudzira | Zizindikiro zazikulu |
|---|---|---|
| Ulceroglandular | Mwa kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa kapena nyama yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka. Zimakhudza khungu ndi ma lymph nodes. (Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri) | - Malungo - Zilonda pakhungu - Ma lymph nodes amakula komanso amapweteka |
| Glandular | Mofanana ndi mtundu womwe uli pamwambapa, koma sumayambitsa zilonda pakhungu. Umakhudza ma lymph nodes okha. | - Malungo - Kutupa ndi kupweteka kwa ma lymph nodes popanda zilonda pakhungu |
| Oculoglandular | Madzi kapena madzi a m'thupi omwe ali ndi kachilombo amalowa m'diso. Amakhudza diso ndi malo ozungulira a lymph nodes. | - Kupweteka kwa maso, maso odzaza ndi madzi - Kukhala ndi chidwi ndi zakunja - Kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes ozungulira khutu ndi khosi |
| Oropharyngeal | Mwa kumwa chakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Zimakhudza pakhosi ndi m'mimba. | - Kupweteka kwambiri pakhosi - Kufiira ndi mawanga oyera pakhosi - Kusanza, kupweteka m'mimba, kutsegula m'mimba |
| Chibayo | Mwa kupuma mpweya wa bakiteriya kapena kuufalitsa m'mapapo kuchokera kwina kulikonse m'thupi. (Uwu ndi mtundu woopsa kwambiri) | - Malungo, chifuwa - Kuvuta kupuma - Kupweteka pachifuwa, kupweteka kwa thupi |
| Matenda a Typhoid | Imatha kufalikira m'njira iliyonse. Ingakhudze ziwalo zambiri za thupi. | - Malungo aakulu, kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera - Mutu, kupweteka kwa thupi - Kupweteka m'mimba, kusanza, kutsegula m'mimba, kusokonezeka |
Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawonekera mkati mwa masiku 3-5 kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kalowa m'thupi, koma anthu ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro kwa milungu iwiri.
Kodi matendawa amafalikira bwanji? Kodi amafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina?
Pali njira zingapo zazikulu zomwe tularemia imafalikira:
- Kulumidwa ndi tizilombo: Kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, udzudzu, ndi ntchentche zina zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka.
- Kukhudzana ndi nyama yodwala: Kudzera mu kuluma kapena kukanda kwa nyama yodwala. Komanso, minofu kapena madzi a m'thupi ochokera ku nyama yodwala amatha kulowa m'thupi kudzera mu bala kapena bala pakhungu lathu.
- Chakudya kapena madzi omwe ali ndi kachilombo: Mwa kumwa madzi okhuthala ndi mabakiteriya kapena kudya nyama yosaphikidwa bwino (makamaka nyama zakuthengo).
- Kupuma mabakiteriya: Izi n'zodabwitsa kumva. Tangoganizirani ngati mugwiritsa ntchito makina odulira udzu kapena makina ena pomwe pali nyama yakufa yomwe ili ndi mabakiteriyawa, mabakiteriyawo amatha kulowa mumlengalenga limodzi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta fumbi tomwe timatayidwa mmwamba, ndipo ngakhale kuupuma kungayambitse matenda.
Ayi, matenda a tularemia safalikira mwachindunji kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti matendawa sangafalitsidwe pokhudza kapena kulankhula ndi munthu amene ali ndi matendawa. Komabe, ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri . Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale mabakiteriya ochepa kwambiri omwe amalowa m'thupi ndi okwanira kuyambitsa matendawa.
Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matendawa?
Mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala wanu, choyamba adzakufunsani za zizindikiro zanu. Adzakufunsaninso za zomwe mwachita posachedwapa. Mwachitsanzo:
- Kodi mwakhala mukuyenda m'nkhalango posachedwapa?
- Kodi munadya nyama ngati nkhupakupa?
- Kodi nyama (makamaka akalulu ndi makoswe) zimakhudzidwa?
- Kodi munamwa madzi osayera?
Kenako, thupi limafufuzidwa, kufufuza ngati pali ma lymph nodes otupa, zilonda za pakhungu, kusintha kwa pakhosi kapena m'maso, ndipo mayeso angapo angachitike kuti atsimikizire matendawa.
- Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kumatengedwa kuti kuone ngati pali ma antibodies omwe thupi lapanga motsutsana ndi mabakiteriya. Nthawi zina izi sizingadziwike poyamba, kotero mungafunike kuyezetsanso milungu ingapo pambuyo pake.
- Kufufuza za matenda a khungu: Kutenga chidutswa cha minofu kuchokera ku chilonda cha pakhungu kapena lymph node yotupa kuti mukachiwone.
- Zitsanzo zina: Kutuluka kwa pakhosi kapena m'mphuno, ndi madzi ozungulira mapapo ngati pali madzi ochulukirapo.
Kodi mankhwala ake ndi otani? Kodi angachiritsidwe?
Inde, uwu ndi matenda omwe amatha kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu ndi maantibayotiki. Chofunika kwambiri ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo mwachangu momwe mungathere. Nthawi zina, kutengera zizindikiro ndi zomwe mwapereka, dokotala angasankhe kuyamba kulandira chithandizo asanapeze zotsatira za mayeso. Izi ndi kupewa kuti matendawa asakule kwambiri.
Chithandizo nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo kumwa maantibayotiki kwa masiku 10 mpaka 21. Mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi awa:
- Streptomycin
- Gentamicin
- Doxycycline ( Doxycycline )
- Ciprofloxacin
Chofunika kwambiri: Ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala onse opha tizilombo omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Musasiye kumwa mankhwalawo pakati pa nthawi chifukwa chakuti zizindikiro zanu zachepa. Kuchita zimenezi kungayambitse mabakiteriya otsala m'thupi lanu kukhala amphamvu komanso matendawo abwererenso.
Kodi izi sizingathetsedwe popanda chithandizo? Kodi mavuto ake ndi otani?
Ngakhale anthu ena angachire matendawa popanda chithandizo, ndi owopsa kwambiri . Ngati sanalandire chithandizo, makamaka ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka mtundu wa A, chiwerengero cha imfa chikhoza kufika pa 30%. Zingayambitsenso mavuto aakulu.
- Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa mapapo (Acute respiratory distress syndrome - ARDS)
- Matenda a ubongo kapena zophimba ubongo (meningitis)
- Matenda a mtima (pericarditis)
- Matenda a mafupa (Osteomyelitis)
- Kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi impso
Choncho, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro, kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo kungapulumutse moyo.
Kodi tingadziteteze bwanji ku matenda oopsawa?
Chinthu chabwino kwambiri chomwe mungachite ndikupewa matendawa. Pali njira zingapo zosavuta zomwe tingatsatire kuti tichite zimenezo.
- Chitetezo cha tizilombo: Ngati mukupita ku nkhalango kapena kudera la udzu, valani zovala zophimba thupi lanu lonse. Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opopera tizilombo. Mukabwerera kuchokera panja, yang'anani thupi lanu ngati muli ndi nkhupakupa, makamaka mutu wanu ndi m'khwapa.
- Kusamalira Ziweto: Funsani veterinarian wanu za chithandizo chomwe ziweto zanu zimafunikira kuti zidziteteze ku nkhupakupa.
- Gwirani nyama mosamala: Musakhudze nyama zakuthengo (zamoyo kapena zakufa) ndi manja opanda kanthu. Valani magolovesi. Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo mukatha kugwira nyama.
- Chitetezo pa chakudya ndi madzi: Phikani nyama, monga nyama zakuthengo, bwino musanadye. Musamwe madzi ochokera m'mitsinje kapena m'mitsinje yomwe sinakonzedwe.
- Kuteteza chilengedwe: Pewani kudula kapena kudula pafupi ndi nyama zakufa. Ngati muyenera kutero, ndi bwino kuvala chophimba kumaso kuti musapume fumbi.
Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?
Nthawi yoti mukaonane ndi dokotala nthawi zonse:
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro za tularemia (malungo, kutupa, zilonda pakhungu).
- Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwakumana ndi kachilomboka, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti matendawa asakule.
- Ngati zizindikiro zikubwereranso panthawi ya chithandizo kapena pambuyo pake.
Nthawi yoti mupite ku Chipatala cha Emergency Treatment Unit (ETU) nthawi yomweyo:
Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu zotsatirazi, musataye nthawi ndipo pitani ku ETU ya chipatala chapafupi.
- Ngati malungo ali pamwamba pa 39.4 Celsius (103 Fahrenheit).
- Matenda amisala kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
- Kutuluka magazi ndi kusanza kapena chopondapo.
- Kutsokomola magazi.
- Kuvuta kwambiri kupuma.
- Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu, milomo, kapena misomali.
- Kupweteka kwambiri m'mimba.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Tularemia ndi matenda oopsa koma ochiritsika omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ochokera ku nyama.
- Sizimafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina, koma zimatha kufalikira kudzera mu kulumidwa ndi nkhupakupa, kukhudzana ndi nyama zomwe zili ndi kachilomboka, komanso chakudya/madzi oipitsidwa.
- Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi kutentha thupi mwadzidzidzi, kutupa kwa ma lymph nodes, ndi zilonda pakhungu.
- Kupewa ndikwabwino kwambiri. Dzitetezeni ku tizilombo ndipo gwirani nyama mosamala.
- Ngati mukumva zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine mutaluma kapena kulumidwa ndi nyama, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Kuyamba mankhwala opha maantibayotiki msanga kungathandize kupewa mavuto aakulu.
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