N'zovuta kufotokoza mantha ndi nkhawa zomwe munthu amakhala nazo akapezeka ndi khansa. Koma chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya zamankhwala, masiku ano pali njira zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zopambana zochizira khansa. Mosiyana ndi kale, tsopano pali mankhwala enieni omwe amangolimbana ndi maselo a khansa okha. Masiku ano, tikulankhula za njira yofunika kwambiri yochizira khansa ya m'matumbo. Imeneyo ndi Monoclonal Antibody Therapy.
Kodi ma antibodies a monoclonal awa ndi ati?
Tisanamvetse izi, tiyeni tione momwe thupi lathu limatetezera thupi lathu. Pamene munthu wolowa m'thupi, monga kachilombo ka HIV, alowa m'thupi lathu, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimapanga mapuloteni apadera kuti awapeze ndikuwawononga. Timatcha ma antibodies amenewa. Zili ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe likuteteza dziko.
Tsopano taganizirani kuti gulu lankhondo ili lili ndi "gulu lankhondo lapadera" lomwe laphunzitsidwa mwapadera ndipo likudziwa momwe lingaukire cholinga chimodzi chokha. Ma antibodies a monoclonal ndi ena ofanana ndi amenewo. Awa ndi ma antibodies enieni omwe amapangidwa mwaluso mu labotale. Amapangidwa kuti apeze cholinga chimodzi, kuchilumikiza, ndikuchiwononga. Pankhaniyi, cholinga chimenecho ndi selo la khansa.
Ubwino waukulu wa chithandizochi ndi kulondola kwake. Mankhwala achikhalidwe a chemotherapy ali ngati bomba. Ngakhale kuti amapha maselo a khansa, amathanso kuwononga maselo athanzi m'thupi lathu. Ndicho chifukwa chake chemotherapy imayambitsa zotsatira zoyipa monga kutaya tsitsi ndi kutopa. Koma chithandizo cha Monoclonal Antibody chili ngati "chombo chotsogozedwa." Chimapita mwachindunji ku selo ya khansa. Chifukwa chake, mutha kuyembekezera zotsatirapo zochepa.
Mankhwala omwe amaletsa "njira yopezera moyo" ya khansa
Khansa si gulu la maselo okha. Ili ngati fakitale yaying'ono. Imafunika chakudya kuti ikule, kuti ikule. Kuti ipeze chakudya ichi, maselo a khansa amapanga mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi. Mu zamankhwala, timatcha njira iyi angiogenesis . Ndi kudzera m'mitsempha iyi yamagazi momwe khansa imapezera chakudya chomwe imafuna kuti ipulumuke.
Kotero, zomwe ma antibodies ena a monoclonal amachita ndikuletsa kupangika kwa mitsempha yamagazi imeneyo. Zili ngati kudula "kuperekedwa" kwa mafuta ku khansa. Mankhwala akuluakulu mu gulu ili ndi Bevacizumab (Avastin) .
Kodi Avastin amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Maselo a khansa amatulutsa chizindikiro chapadera chotchedwa Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) . Chizindikirochi chikalandiridwa, thupi limayamba kupanga mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi. Mankhwala a Avastin amagwira ntchito poletsa chizindikiro cha VEGF. Izi zimaletsa khansa kupanga mitsempha yatsopano yamagazi. Kenako, popanda chakudya, kukula kwa khansa kumachepa kapena kuima.
Avastin ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka a khansa ya m'matumbo yomwe yafalikira (yomwe yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Ngakhale kuti sichiza khansa yonse, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti Avastin, ikapatsidwa chemotherapy, imawonjezera nthawi yopulumuka odwala ndi miyezi pafupifupi isanu.
Mankhwala ena atsopano m'gululi ndi monga `Fruquintinib (Fruzaqla), `ramucirumab (Cyramza)` ndi `ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap).` Mankhwalawa amagwiranso ntchito posokoneza njira yolumikizira zizindikiro ya VEGF.
Momwe Avastin imaperekedwera ndi zotsatira zake zoyipa
Avastin ndi mankhwala operekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena m'mitsempha. Nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa milungu iwiri kapena itatu iliyonse pamodzi ndi chemotherapy. Chofunika kukumbukira ndichakuti mankhwalawa amawonjezera mphamvu ya chemotherapy, koma sanawonetsedwe kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri akaperekedwa kokha kwa odwala khansa ya m'matumbo.
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kulankhula momasuka ndi dokotala wanu za vuto lililonse lomwe mungakumane nalo musanayambe chithandizochi komanso panthawi yake.
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zingakhalepo za Bevacizumab (Avastin) | |
|---|---|
| Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimapezeka kawirikawiri | |
| Kumva kutopa komanso wopanda moyo | Mutu |
| Kuthamanga kwa magazi | Chilakolako cha chakudya |
| Kutsegula m'mimba (kupweteka m'mimba) | |
| Zotsatirapo zoyipa zomwe ziyenera kufotokozedwa kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo | |
| Kuboola kwa m'matumbo (kungafunike opaleshoni) | Kuwonongeka kwa impso ndi kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu mkodzo |
| Kupweteka kwa mtima kapena chifuwa | Kuchira kwa bala kumachepetsa (kotero sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo opaleshoni itatha) |
| Kutaya magazi kwambiri kapena mavuto okhudza magazi kuundana | |
Mankhwala omwe amaletsa "kusintha kwa kukula" m'maselo a khansa
Tiyeni tikambirane za mtundu wina wa monoclonal antibody. Izi sizigwira ntchito monga momwe tafotokozera kale. Mankhwalawa amalunjika mwachindunji ku puloteni inayake pamwamba pa maselo a khansa. Amatchedwa Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) .
Mwachidule, EGFR iyi ili ngati "switch" yomwe imauza selo la khansa kuti "likule, likule." Pafupifupi 75% ya khansa ya m'matumbo imakhala ndi puloteni iyi ya EGFR.
Mankhwala otchedwa cetuximab (Erbitux) ndi panitumumab (Vectibix) amagwira ntchito pomangirira ku "switch" yotchedwa EGFR ndikuyimitsa. Izi zimaletsa chizindikiro chachilengedwe chomwe chimauza maselo kuti akule kuti asakhudze switch. Zotsatira zake, maselo a khansa amasiya kukula.
Kodi Erbitux ndi Vectibix zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyani?
Mankhwala onsewa ndi ovomerezeka pa khansa ya m'matumbo yomwe yafalikira (yomwe yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi. Koma pali chinthu chimodzi chofunikira kwambiri . Musanayambe chithandizochi, muyenera kuyesedwa majini apadera (`mayeso a kusintha kwa majini`) a maselo anu a khansa. Kuyesedwa kumeneko ndi komwe kumatsimikiza ngati mankhwalawa angagwire ntchito pa khansa yanu kapena ayi. Izi sizoyenera aliyense.
Erbitux imaperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kamodzi pa sabata. Imaperekedwa yokha kapena ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy irinotecan (Camptosar). Vectibix imaperekedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena angapo a chemotherapy.
| Zotsatirapo zomwe zingakhalepo za Erbitux ndi Vectibix | |
|---|---|
| Mavuto a pakhungu: matuza ofanana ndi ziphuphu, ziphuphu pakhungu, khungu louma. (Kumbukirani, nthawi zina mawonekedwe a pakhungu awa akhoza kukhala chizindikiro chakuti mankhwalawa akugwira ntchito motsutsana ndi khansa!) | Malungo |
| Kumva kutopa komanso wopanda moyo | Kudzimbidwa |
| Kupweteka m'mimba | Matenda a ziwengo monga kupuma movutikira komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi |
| Zomwe zimachitika pamene mankhwala aperekedwa m'thupi | |
Mankhwala onsewa ndi olunjika kwambiri. Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakuuzeni chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kutengera mtundu wa khansa komanso thanzi lanu. Musapange zisankho kutengera zomwe mwawerenga pa intaneti kapena zomwe wina wanena.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Monoclonal Antibody ndi mankhwala apadera omwe amapangidwa mu labotale omwe amalimbana ndi maselo a khansa okha.
- Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe izi zimagwirira ntchito. Mankhwala ena amaletsa magazi kupita ku khansa, pomwe ena amaletsa zizindikiro zomwe maselo a khansa amapereka kuti akule.
- Mankhwalawa si ofanana kwa aliyense. Musanapereke mankhwala ena, mungafunike kuchita mayeso apadera a majini kuti muwone ngati mankhwalawa angagwire ntchito pa khansa yanu.
- Monga mankhwala ena onse, mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatirapo zake. Musawaope, koma kambiranani ndi dokotala wanu momveka bwino musanayambe kulandira chithandizo.
- Dokotala wanu yekha ndi amene angakupatseni upangiri wabwino kwambiri wokhudza chithandizo chanu cha khansa, choncho ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo awo.
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