Tiyeni tiphunzire zonse zokhudza opaleshoni ya Off-Pump Bypass!

Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono dokotala wanu akakuuzani kapena munthu amene mumamudziwa kuti mukufunika opaleshoni ya bypass. Mantha amenewo amawonjezeka kwambiri mukamva kuti "mtima udzayimitsidwa ndi kulumikizidwa ku makina." Koma kodi mumadziwa kuti pali njira yapadera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita opaleshoniyi popanda kuyimitsa mtima, kutanthauza kuti, pamene mtima ukugundabe? Ndicho chimene tikambirane lero, chotchedwa 'Off-Pump Bypass Surgery.'

Kodi Opaleshoni Yopanda Pampu Yodutsa Ndi Chiyani?

Mwachidule, uwu ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni ya bypass (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft - CABG) yomwe imapanga njira yatsopano yozungulira mtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa mumtima. Mu opaleshoni yachikhalidwe ya bypass (On-Pump CABG), dokotalayo amayimitsa mtima wa wodwalayo kwakanthawi akamachita opaleshoniyo. Panthawiyo, ntchito ya mtima ndi mapapo imachitidwa ndi makina apadera otchedwa 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass Machine'. Makinawa amatenga magazi m'thupi, amawonjezera mpweya, amachotsa carbon dioxide, ndikubwezeretsa m'thupi.

Koma mu opaleshoni iyi ya 'Off-Pump', mtima suima. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amachita opaleshoni iyi pamene mtima ukugunda. Ichi ndichifukwa chake imatchedwanso "Kumenya Opaleshoni ya Mtima."

Ndani akufunika opaleshoni iyi?

Opaleshoni imeneyi imachitika makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mitsempha ya mtima (CAD), omwe ndi omwe amachititsa kwambiri matenda a mtima.

Taganizirani za mitsempha yaying'ono yomwe imapereka magazi ku mitima yathu ngati misewu. Mu CAD, mkati mwa misewu iyi mumadzaza ndi mafuta ndi cholesterol (yotchedwa plaque). Izi zimalepheretsa mtima kulandira magazi omwe ukufunikira, zomwe zimayambitsa zizindikiro monga kupweteka pachifuwa ndi kupuma movutikira . Ngati kutsekeka kumeneku kwatha, matenda a mtima amayamba.

Dokotala nthawi zambiri amalangiza opaleshoni yodutsa ngati kusintha kwa moyo, mankhwala, ndi njira zina zochiritsira sizikulamulira vutoli. Pazochitika zotere, opaleshoni ya 'Off-Pump' ikhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwa odwala ena.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji opaleshoni?

Gulu lanu la opaleshoni lidzakupatsani malangizo onse omwe mukufuna musanachite opaleshoni. Nthawi zambiri amanena zinthu monga:

• Ngati mukusuta, siyani kusuta konse.
• Mungapemphedwe kuti musiye kwakanthawi mankhwala ena omwe mukumwa, makamaka mankhwala oletsa magazi kuundana.
• Mudzalangizidwa kuti musadye kapena kumwa chilichonse kuyambira pakati pausiku patsiku la opaleshoni.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amachitidwa opaleshoni isanachitike?

Dokotala adzakulamulani mayeso angapo kuti atsimikizire kuti muli ndi thanzi labwino lokwanira kuchitidwa opaleshoni.

• Kuyezetsa magazi
• X-ray pachifuwa
• Echocardiogram (Echo)
• ECG (Electrocardiogram - EKG)
• Mayeso apadera monga mayeso a mtima wa nyukiliya.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani panthawi ya opaleshoni?

Opaleshoniyo imatenga maola angapo. Dokotala adzakufotokozerani pasadakhale zomwe zidzachitike. Izi ndi zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri.

1. Choyamba, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu ndipo mudzagonedwa tulo tofa nato. Choncho simudzamva kupweteka kulikonse.

2. Kenako, mtsempha wamagazi wathanzi (graft) umachotsedwa mbali ina ya thupi lanu, mwachitsanzo, khoma la mwendo wanu kapena pachifuwa . Mtsempha wamagazi uwu umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira yatsopano yopita kumalo otsekedwa.

3. Kenako, khungu limadulidwa pakati pa chifuwa, ndipo fupa la pachifuwa limadulidwa mbali zonse ziwiri, kufika pamtima.

4. Popeza mtima ukugunda, chipangizo chapadera (chokhazikika) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuyenda kwake, ndipo malo okhawo omwe opaleshoniyo imachitikira ndi omwe amakhazikika kuti asasunthe.

5. Kumaletsa kwakanthawi kuyenda kwa magazi mumtsempha wamagazi wotsekedwa.

6. Mbali imodzi ya mtsempha wamagazi wathanzi womwe wachotsedwa kale imalumikizidwa ndi mtsempha waukulu wamagazi wa mtima (aorta), ndipo mbali inayo imalumikizidwa ndi malo otsekedwa omwe ali pansipa. Izi zili ngati kupanga njira yodutsa msewu wotsekedwa.

7. Pambuyo poti njira yatsopano yapangidwa, magazi amabwerera m'mbuyo. Magaziwo amadutsa m'malo otsekekawo ndipo amayenda m'njira yatsopanoyo.

8. Pomaliza, fupa la pachifuwa limalumikizidwanso ndi zinthu zonga waya ndipo khungu limakutidwa ndi thovu.

Ndi njira iti mwa ziwirizi yomwe ili yabwino?

Kafukufuku akupitirirabe ngati opaleshoni yochitidwa pa pampu kapena yopanda pampu ndi yabwino. Dokotala wanu adzasankha njira yoyenera kwa inu. Tiyeni tiwone ubwino ndi kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizi.

Kodi zoopsa za opaleshoni iyi ndi ziti?

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi opaleshoni yaikulu iliyonse, pali zoopsa zina zomwe zimachitika. Koma anthu ambiri amachira bwino. Nazi zina mwa zovuta zomwe zingachitike:

• Kutuluka magazi kwambiri.
• Magazi amaundana (zomwe zingayambitse sitiroko kapena matenda a mtima).
• Mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu.
• Matenda opatsirana.
• Kusinthasintha kwa mtima.
• Kulephera kwa impso.

Kodi zimatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti munthu achire?

Nthawi yochira imadalira zaka zanu, thanzi lanu lonse, ndi mavuto aliwonse omwe angabwere mutachita opaleshoni. Kawirikawiri, njira yochira imawoneka motere.

• Mukhoza kuyamba kumwa madzi ndi kudya chakudya chochepa tsiku lomwelo kapena tsiku lotsatira mutachita opaleshoni.
• Mu tsiku loyamba kapena awiri, mudzatha kukhala pampando mothandizidwa ndi kuyenda pang'ono.
• Muyenera kukhala m'chipatala kwa masiku angapo.
• Mudzafunika wina woti akuthandizeni masiku oyamba mukachoka kuchipatala.
• Misoti idzachotsedwa patatha pafupifupi sabata imodzi kapena khumi.
• Muyenera kupewa kunyamula zolemera kwa milungu ingapo .
• Zingatenge milungu ingapo kapena kuposerapo kuti munthu achire bwino.
• Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu pulogalamu yothandiza anthu kuti ayambenso kugwira ntchito yolimbitsa mtima wanu.

Kodi zizindikiro zotani zoti muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo?

Mudzapatsidwa tsiku loti mukaone dokotala wanu pamene mukuchira. Komabe, ngati mutakhala ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi, muyenera kupeza upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo . Kapena, pitani ku Dipatimenti Yodzidzimutsa (ETU) ya chipatala chapafupi.

• Kupweteka pachifuwa kosalekeza kapena kupweteka m'mimba.
• Kumva kuzizira kapena kutuluka thukuta kwambiri.
• Ngati fupa lanu la pachifuwa likumva ngati likusuntha kapena likupanga phokoso la 'kudina'.
• Kugunda kwa mtima komwe kumakhala kofulumira kwambiri kapena kosasinthasintha.
• Kusanza kapena kusanza.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Zizindikiro za matenda, monga kufiira, kutupa, kutuluka mafinya kuchokera pamalo olumikizirana, kapena kutentha thupi.
• Kulemera kwadzidzidzi kopitilira 2-3 kg mkati mwa sabata imodzi.