Mwina mwamvapo za mankhwala ochepetsa ululu otchedwa `(Opioids)`. Nthawi zina madokotala amalemba mankhwalawa chifukwa cha ululu waukulu. Koma ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kapena ngati atengedwa mopitirira muyeso, akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri pa moyo wanu. Lero tikambirana za `(Opioid Overdose)`, yomwe ndi vuto loopsa lomwe limabwera chifukwa chomwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid. Ichi ndi chinthu choopsa kwambiri, choncho ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi kumwa mopitirira muyeso kwa opioid kumeneku n’chiyani, mwachidule?

Mwachidule, `(Opioid Overdose)` ndi pamene kuchuluka kwa `(Opioids)` komwe timamwa kumakhala kochuluka kwambiri moti gawo la ubongo wathu lomwe limalamulira kupuma silingathe kugwira ntchito. Taganizirani izi, ubongo wathu umalamulira kupuma. Tikamwa `(Opioids)` wochuluka kwambiri, ulamuliro umenewo umatayika. Kenako kupuma kumachepa, kapena kumatha kuima kotheratu. Izi zitha kubweretsa imfa ngati sitilandira chithandizo nthawi yake .

Izi zitha kuchitika ngati mutamwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid omwe dokotala wakupatsani, kapena ngati mutamwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid (mwachitsanzo, omwe anthu ena amagwiritsa ntchito mobisa kuti achepetse ululu). Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti "muchuluke kwambiri" zimasiyana malinga ndi munthu ndi munthu. Zimatengera momwe thupi lanu limalekerera mankhwalawo komanso kuchuluka kwa opioid yomwe mumamwa. Chifukwa chake, n'zovuta kunena zomwe zili zotetezeka komanso zomwe zili zoopsa. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumwa mankhwala anu monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera, kapena kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito chilichonse chomwe simukudziwa mlingo wake weniweni.

Uwu ndi ngozi yachipatala . N'zoopsa, koma kudziwa chochita kungapulumutse moyo. Chithandizo chadzidzidzi cha overdose ya opioid, yotchedwa reverse medication, chingathandize kuwongolera vutoli. Komabe, ngakhale mutalandira chithandizo chadzidzidzi, muyenerabe kuonana ndi dokotala kuti muwone ngati pali zovuta zilizonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid ndi ziti?

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti wina wakhala ndi `(Opioid Overdose)`. Ngati muwona izi , muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu . Kunena zoona, ngati muwona chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, muyenera kuziganizira mozama.

• Miyendo imakhala yopanda moyo , ngati nsalu, ndipo thupi limataya mphamvu zonse.
• Milomo ndi misomali zimasanduka zotumbululuka ndipo zimakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu-wofiirira. Izi zimachitika chifukwa thupi sililandira mpweya wokwanira.
• Khungu limakhala lozizira komanso lopanda madzi, ngati kuti latuluka thukuta .
• Kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma kumachepa , nthawi zina kumasiya. Kupuma kungakhale kochedwa kwambiri komanso kopanda mphamvu.
• Mungamve phokoso la phokoso kapena phokoso la phokoso likuchokera pakamwa panu . Izi zili choncho chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupuma.
• Maso aang'ono amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri , ngati nsonga ya pini. Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha opioids.
• Wosayankha, wosazindikira, wosayankha akamalankhula kapena kugwedezeka. Kaya mulankhule kapena kugwedezeka mokweza bwanji, simudzadzuka.
• Kusanza.

Ngati muli ndi mankhwala ochepetsa ululu wa opioid, perekani nthawi yomweyo . Kenako imbani 1990 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi nthawi yomweyo.

N’chifukwa chiyani kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid kumachitika? Kodi zimayambitsa chiyani?

Kumwa mopitirira muyeso kwamtunduwu kungachitike mukamwa mankhwala a opioid m'njira yomwe thupi lanu silinazolowere. Yang'anani zitsanzo izi:

• Kumwa opioid yochuluka mosadziwa. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zina mumamwa piritsi lolembedwa ndi dokotala chifukwa cha ululu, n’kuiwala kuti munamwa, n’kumwa lina. Kapena, mumamwa mapiritsi awiri kapena atatu nthawi imodzi chifukwa mukufuna kuchepetsa ululu mwachangu.
• Kusakaniza opioid imodzi ndi mankhwala ena kapena mankhwala ena omwe amayambitsa kugona. Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza opioid ndi mowa kapena mapiritsi ogonetsa ndi koopsa kwambiri.
• Kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo a opioid kuposa momwe thupi lanu lingapiririre kumatchedwa kulekerera. Munthu akapitiriza kumwa mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya opioid, thupi lake limazolowera pang'ono. Komabe, kumwa mankhwala ambiri nthawi imodzi, kapena kusiya kwa kanthawi kenako n’kubwerezanso kumwa mankhwala omwewo, kungayambitse kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe munthu wina wakupatsani. Komanso ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kuganiza kuti mankhwala ochepetsa ululu omwe munthu wina wakupatsani ndi oyenera inu, chifukwa mlingo womwe munthuyo wakupatsani sungakhale woyenera kwa inu.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid?

Aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kumwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso. Kaya mukumwa mankhwala a opioid koyamba kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse, chiopsezocho chidakalipo. Komabe, zinthu zotsatirazi zimawonjezera chiopsezo chanu:

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65, chiopsezo chimakhala chachikulu chifukwa thupi limagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala pang'onopang'ono pamene mukukalamba.
• Ngati mukudwala matenda otchedwa `(Opioid Use Disorder)` (kutanthauza kuti, ngati muli ndi chizolowezi cha `(Opioids)`).
• Ngati mumwa mankhwala a opioid mwa jakisoni, chiopsezo chomwa mopitirira muyeso chimakhala chachikulu chifukwa mankhwalawa amalowa m'magazi mwachangu.
• Ngati mutenga opioids zambiri.
• Ngati musiya kugwiritsa ntchito ma opioid kwa kanthawi kenako n’kuyambanso, thupi lanu likhoza kuchepa mphamvu ya mankhwala. Ndiye simungapirire mlingo womwewo womwe munamwa kale.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda enaake omwe amakhudza kupuma kapena mphamvu ya thupi yolekerera mankhwala a opioid, Zitsanzo zake ndi izi: Kulephera kupuma mokwanira, HIV, matenda a m'mapapo, ndi matenda a chiwindi.
• Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, monga benzodiazepines, pamodzi ndi opioids, akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri chifukwa onse amachepetsa kupuma kwanu.
• Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimbikitsa, monga amphetamines ndi methamphetamine, pamodzi ndi ma opioids.

Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti ngati mudamwapo mankhwala opitirira muyeso kamodzi, muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi mankhwala ena m'moyo wanu wonse.

Chofunika kwambiri, n'kovuta kudziwa bwino lomwe zomwe zili mu opioids zomwe sizili zachipatala (monga zomwe zimapezeka mumsewu kapena zogulitsidwa mosaloledwa) zomwe mumagula popanda chilolezo cha dokotala. Chifukwa chakuti sizimalamulidwa, mphamvu zawo zimatha kusiyana. Zitha kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala ena, monga heroin, fentanyl (mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu, koma pang'ono kwambiri), kapena carfentanil ( mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugonetsa nyama zazikulu). Kusatsimikizika kumeneku kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso ndi kufa. Komanso, mapiritsi omwe mumalandira kuchokera kwa mnzanu kapena munthu wina angawoneke ngati mankhwala otetezeka, koma akhoza kukhala ndi mlingo woopsa wa opioids zomwe sizili zachipatala, monga fentanyl.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani m'thupi mukalandira mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid?

Ma opioid amalumikizana ndi ziwalo zinazake za ubongo wathu zotchedwa ma receptor. Ma receptor amenewa amatumiza zizindikiro ku ziwalo zina za thupi kuti apitirize kupuma. Ma opioid amaletsa zizindikirozi. Taganizirani ngati foni, ndipo ma opioid amatseka mzerewo. Izi zimachepetsa kupuma ndipo pamapeto pake zimasiya. Izi zimatchedwa kulephera kupuma.

Matupi athu amafunika mpweya kuti akhale ndi moyo. Tikasiya kupuma, matupi athu salandira mpweya wokwanira. Pakangopita mphindi zochepa chabe kuti mpweya usapezeke, maselo a muubongo amayamba kufa. Ndicho chifukwa chake izi ndizoopsa kwambiri.

Kuchiza munthu amene wamwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso mwachangu kungateteze imfa ndi mavuto aakulu monga kulumala kwakukulu kapena kuwonongeka kwa ubongo. Choncho sekondi iliyonse ndi yofunika.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji ndikuchiza bwanji kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid?

Kawirikawiri, anthu oyamba kuyankha (monga a Suwaseriya Ambulance Service a 1990) kapena ogwira ntchito zachipatala amafufuza zizindikiro za kumwa mopitirira muyeso, komanso amapeza chidziwitso kuchokera kwa anzanu ndi abale omwe anali pafupi panthawi ya ngoziyi. Popeza simunadziwe kalikonse panthawi ya kumwa mopitirira muyeso, amafufuza zomwe zikukuzungulirani ndikuyang'ana zinthu zilizonse, monga mabotolo a mankhwala ndi ma syringe.

Ngati ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi akukayikira kuti agwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo,Naloxone imaperekedwa. Iyi ndi njira yothandiza yopulumutsa moyo wa munthu amene wamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid. Ngati zizindikiro zanu (makamaka kupuma) zitachepa mutapatsidwa mankhwala awa, zimatsimikizira kuti mwamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid.

Mu chipatala, madokotala angachite mayeso a mankhwala (mkodzo kapena magazi) kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi vuto. Angachitenso mayeso ena kuti aone ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino, aone ngati pali zizindikiro zina, kapena aone ngati pali matenda ena omwe angafunike chithandizo.

Mankhwala opulumutsa moyo a Naloxone

Naloxone (dzina lodziwika kuti Narcan®) ndi nalmefene ndi mankhwala akuluakulu ochizira mwadzidzidzi omwe amamwa mopitirira muyeso. Mankhwalawa amachita izi:

• Zotsatira za ma opioid zimachotsedwa mwachangu kuchokera ku ma receptors a ubongo, zomwe zimabweza kapena kuletsa zotsatira zake.
• Kupuma kwabwinobwino kumabwezeretsedwa mkati mwa mphindi ziwiri kapena zisanu.
• Izi zimabwera ngati mankhwala opopera m'mphuno kapena jakisoni. Ku Sri Lanka, jakisoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Koma kumbukirani chinthu chimodzi, Naloxone imagwira ntchito kwa mphindi 30 mpaka 90 zokha. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyo, zotsatira za kumwa mopitirira muyeso zimatha kubwereranso, chifukwa pakhoza kukhalabe ndi ma opioid m'thupi. Chifukwa chake, poyembekezera thandizo ladzidzidzi kuti lifike, kungakhale kofunikira kupereka mlingo wina wa Naloxone. Ichi ndichifukwa chake akuti ngakhale Naloxone itaperekedwa, kugonekedwa kuchipatala ndikofunikira .

(Mankhwala otchedwa ``(Nalmefene)`` amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ena azaumoyo kunja kwa United States, ndipo amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa ``(Naloxone)``.)

Mukafika kuchipatala, madokotala angakupatseni chithandizo china, monga kulowetsa chubu chopumira kuti chikuthandizeni kupuma. Adzayang'aniranso ntchito zina za thupi ndikupereka chithandizo china ngati pakufunika.

Kodi mungapulumuke bwanji mutamwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid? Kodi pali njira zopewera izi?

Inde, pali njira zingapo zochepetsera chiopsezo cha kumwa mopitirira muyeso. Mwa kutsatira izi, mutha kudziteteza nokha komanso ena:

• Pewani kusakaniza ma opioid ndi mankhwala ena, makamaka mowa kapena mankhwala ogonetsa monga benzodiazepines.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda akugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid kapena ali ndi vuto la kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za kukhala ndi naloxone pafupi. M'mayiko ena, mutha kuigula ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Ku Sri Lanka, nthawi zambiri imapezeka m'zipatala.
• Ngati n'kotheka, onetsetsani kuti wina ali nanu mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa ululu (makamaka osaloledwa). Mwanjira imeneyi, padzakhala wina woti akuthandizeni ngati mugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala owonjezera ululu.
• Sungani mankhwala apakhomo, makamaka mankhwala ochepetsa ululu monga opioid, pamalo otetezeka komanso otsekedwa komwe ana kapena ena sangafikire.
• Phunzitsani achibale ndi abwenzi zomwe angachite ngati amwa mankhwala opitirira muyeso. Phunzitsani momwe angazindikire zizindikiro, momwe angayimbire 911, komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito Naloxone ngati alipo.

Ngati inu kapena munthu amene mumamukonda akuvutika kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid kapena ali pachiwopsezo chogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo mopitirira muyeso, chonde funsani thandizo . Pali zipangizo zachipatala ndi upangiri wothandiza womwe ulipo kuti akuthandizeni kupeza chithandizo chomwe mukufuna. Musachite manyazi kapena mantha.

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati mukuona munthu akudwala matenda a opioid?

Ngati mukuganiza kuti wina wamwa mopitirira muyeso, chitani izi nthawi yomweyo :

1. Imbani nthawi yomweyo 1990 kapena nambala yanu yadzidzidzi yapafupi. Lembani bwino lomwe komwe kwachitikira ngoziyo komanso momwe wodwalayo alili.

2. Ngati muli ndi Naloxone, perekani monga momwe mwalangizidwira.

3. Muzimuyang'anira maso, yesani kumuthandiza kupuma. Tchulani dzina lake, gwirani phewa lake pang'onopang'ono. Ngati sakuyankha, gwirani zibakera zanu ndikupukuta fupa lake la pachifuwa (`(sternum)`) mwamphamvu (`(sternum rub)`). Izi zimamupweteka pang'ono, koma akhoza kuchira.

4. Mutembenuzireni kumbali yake (malo opumulira) kuti asamatsamwe. Izi zithandiza kuti kusanza kusalowe mu mpweya wopumira.

5. Khalani naye mpaka thandizo litafika. Musamusiye yekha. Ngati n'kotheka, fufuzani za mankhwala ndi mankhwala omwe wamwa. Zimenezi zidzakhala zofunika kwa madokotala.

Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid kungakhale koopsa, kaya mukuona kapena mukukumana nako nokha. Simuli nokha. Kaya mukufuna munthu woti mulankhule naye za zomwe zachitika kapena mukufuna chithandizo cha matenda a opioid, pali anthu omwe angakuthandizeni. Magulu othandizira ndi mapulogalamu othandizira angakuthandizeni kupezanso thanzi lanu ndikukutetezani mtsogolo. Ngati muli ndi mafunso kapena nkhawa, lankhulani ndi dokotala kapena munthu amene mumamudalira. Alipo kuti akuthandizeni.

Uthenga Womaliza Wopita Nawo Kunyumba

Chabwino, ndikukhulupirira kuti mukukumbukira zinthu zingapo zofunika kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana lero.

• Kumwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo a opioid ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe lingawononge moyo , koma kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kungapulumutse miyoyo.
• Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuzindikira zizindikiro, kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito Naloxone (ngati ilipo), ndikuyimbira ogwira ntchito zadzidzidzi nthawi yomweyo, monga 1990.
• Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid, phunzirani njira zotetezeka zochepetsera zoopsa zanu . Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu molondola. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala a opioid popanda mankhwala a dokotala.
• Ngati mukufuna thandizo, musaope kupempha thandizo. Pali mankhwala ochizira matenda obwera chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a opioid.
• Chitetezo cha inu ndi okondedwa anu ndicho chinthu chofunika kwambiri.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukhala otetezeka ku ngozi yotereyi.

Kuchuluka kwa Opioid , Kuchuluka kwa Opioid, Naloxone, Naloxone, Mankhwala, Chithandizo chadzidzidzi, Kupulumutsa Moyo