Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza khansa ya pancreatic

Pancreas ndi chiwalo chomwe chili m'thupi lathu chomwe anthu ambiri sachilankhula kwambiri, ndipo chimabisika pang'ono. Mwachidule, chili mkati mwa mimba yanu, kumbuyo kwa mimba yanu komanso kutsogolo kwa msana wanu. Chiwalo chaching'ono ichi chimachita zinthu ziwiri zofunika kwambiri m'thupi lathu. Choyamba ndikupanga mahomoni omwe amalamulira kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chinanso ndikupanga ma enzyme omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya chomwe timadya. Komabe, maselo omwe ali m'chiwalochi akasintha mosalamulirika ndikuyamba kugawikana mwachangu, chotupa chimapangika. Ndicho chomwe timatcha khansa ya kapamba.

N’chifukwa chiyani khansa imeneyi ndi yovuta kuizindikira?

Vuto lalikulu ndi matendawa ndilakuti sasonyeza zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro . Ngakhale kusanthula kwachizolowezi sikuzindikira zotupa izi kumayambiriro. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri akamazindikira kuti ali ndi matendawa, khansayo imakhala itafalikira kale (yomwe yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina kunja kwa kapamba. Komanso, khansa iyi imakana mankhwala ambiri oletsa khansa, kotero zimakhala zovuta kuchiza. Koma musadandaule, sayansi ya zamankhwala ikupita patsogolo tsiku ndi tsiku, kotero njira zatsopano zochiritsira zikufufuzidwa nthawi zonse.

Kodi mitundu ya khansa ya pancreatic ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya kapamba.

1. Zotupa za m'mimba: Uwu ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri. Khansa yoposa 90% ndi yamtunduwu. Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa izi ndi Adenocarcinoma . Izi zimayambira m'maselo omwe ali mkati mwa ducts za kapamba.

2. Matenda a neuroendocrine (NETs): Izi sizichitika kawirikawiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale matenda osakwana 10%.

Kodi zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ziti?

Monga tanenera kale, palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu kumayambiriro. Zizindikiro zimayamba kuonekera khansa ikakula ndikuyamba kukhudza ziwalo zina m'thupi lapafupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa zizindikirozi.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya pancreatic?

Choyambitsa chenicheni cha khansayi sichinadziwikebe. Komabe, madokotala apeza zinthu zina zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo chotenga matendawa.

• Kusuta: Kugwiritsa ntchito ndudu, ndudu, ndi zinthu zina za fodya ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa vutoli.
• Kunenepa kwambiri: Kulemera kwambiri kwa thupi, makamaka mafuta ambiri m'mimba, kumawonjezera chiopsezo.
• Matenda a Shuga: Kukhala ndi matenda a shuga (makamaka mtundu wachiwiri) kwa nthawi yayitali ndi chiopsezo. Ndipo monga tanenera kale, kuyamba mwadzidzidzi kwa matenda a shuga kungakhalenso chizindikiro.
• Pancreatitis yosatha: Kutupa kwa kapamba kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Mbiri ya banja ndi zinthu zokhudzana ndi majini: Chiwopsezo chimakhala chachikulu ngati wina m'banjamo (makolo, abale) adadwala khansa ya kapamba kapena ali ndi kusintha kwa majini komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi khansa monga BRCA1 ndi BRCA2 .
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala: Kukumana ndi zinthu monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso mankhwala ochokera ku mafuta kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Zaka: Chiwopsezo chimawonjezeka ndi ukalamba.

Kodi mungazindikire bwanji matendawa? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati dokotala wanu akukayikira khansa ya kapamba kutengera zizindikiro zanu, adzakulangizani kuti muyesedwe kangapo kuti mutsimikizire matendawa.

1. Mayeso ojambula zithunzi

Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kujambula zithunzi za kapamba ndi ziwalo zozungulira mkati mwa thupi kuti zione ngati pali chotupa komanso momwe chafalikira.

• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography)
• Kujambula kwa MRI (Maginito Resonance Imaging)
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography)
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): Kuwunika kwapafupi kwa kapamba pogwiritsa ntchito kamera ndi sikirini yolumikizidwa ku chubu chopyapyala chomwe chimayikidwa kudzera pakamwa.

2. Kuyezetsa magazi

Magazi amafufuzidwa kuti awone ngati pali mapuloteni enaake (zizindikiro za chotupa) zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maselo a khansa. Mu khansa ya kapamba, mulingo wa chizindikiro cha chotupa chotchedwa CA 19-9 ukhoza kukwera.

3. Kufufuza za thupi

Iyi ndi njira yeniyeni yotsimikizira matendawa. Mu njira iyi, chidutswa chaching'ono kwambiri cha minofu chimatengedwa kuchokera ku chotupa cha kapamba ndikuwunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati pali maselo a khansa. Chidutswa ichi cha minofu chikhoza kutengedwa panthawi yoyezetsa EUS.

4. Kuyesa majini

Ngati mwapezeka ndi khansa, dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyesedwe majini. Izi zidzakuthandizani kudziwa ngati pali chifukwa chobadwira cha khansa yanu ndipo zingakuthandizeni kusankha chithandizo chomwe chili choyenera kwa inu.

Kudziwa siteji ya khansa (magawo)

Musanayambe chithandizo, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe khansa yayambira. Izi zikutanthauza ngati chotupacho chili m'chifuwa kapena chafalikira ku mitsempha yamagazi yapafupi kapena ziwalo zina. Mwachidule, zotupa za khansa zimagawidwa m'magulu anayi akuluakulu.

Kodi njira zochiritsira ndi ziti?

Njira yochiritsira imatsimikiziridwa ndi mtundu wa khansa, gawo, komwe chotupacho chili, komanso thanzi la wodwalayo.

Opaleshoni

Njira yokhayo yeniyeni yochiritsira khansa ya kapamba kwathunthu ndikuchotsa chotupa chonse kudzera mu opaleshoni . Koma izi zitha kuchitika kokha kumayambiriro, pamene khansayo imangokhala pa kapamba.

• Njira yochizira matenda a Whipple: Opaleshoni yaikulu yomwe imachitika ngati chotupa chili m'mutu wa kapamba. Mu njira imeneyi, mutu wa kapamba, gawo la matumbo ang'onoang'ono, ndulu, ndi ma lymph nodes ozungulira amachotsedwa.
• Kuchotsa Pancreatectomy ya Distal: Ngati chotupa chili m'chimake cha kapamba, gawo limenelo ndi ndulu zimachotsedwa.
• Kuchotsa Pancreatectomy Yonse: Ngati khansa yafalikira ku kapamba wonse, kapamba wonse wachotsedwa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kumwa jakisoni wa insulin ndi mapiritsi a enzyme yogaya chakudya kwa moyo wanu wonse.

Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala opha maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa amaperekedwa ngati mapiritsi kapena kudzera mu jakisoni mumtsempha. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa chotupa musanachite opaleshoni, kupha maselo otsala pambuyo pa opaleshoni, kapena ngati mankhwala akuluakulu a khansa yomwe yafalikira.

Chithandizo cha radiation

Kugwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chemotherapy (chemoradiation).

Chithandizo cholunjika

Izi ndi mtundu watsopano wa mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito polimbana ndi mapuloteni enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula ndi kufalikira.

Kusamalira ululu

Popeza khansa ya kapamba imakhudza mitsempha yozungulira kapamba, nthawi zina ingayambitse kupweteka kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa ululu ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chithandizo. Dokotala wanu adzakulangizani mankhwala oyenera opweteka kapena njira zina. Musalole ululuwo, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi tingapewe matendawa?

Palibe njira yopewera khansa ya kapamba kwathunthu, koma pali zinthu zina zomwe tingachite kuti tichepetse chiopsezo chathu.

• Pewani kusuta fodya konse. Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera.
• Idyani zakudya zokhala ndi zipatso zatsopano, ndiwo zamasamba, ndi tirigu wonse.
• Chepetsani kudya nyama yofiira, zakumwa zotsekemera, ndi zakudya zopangidwa ndi zinthu zina.