Tiyeni tiphunzire bwino za zakudya zopatsa thanzi, njira yoperekera zakudya kudzera m'mitsempha kwa munthu amene sangathe kudya ndi pakamwa.

Kodi munapitapo kuchipatala kukawona wodwala amene sangathe kudya ndi pakamwa, ndipo akupatsidwa madzi kudzera mu thumba lalikulu kudzera mu mtsempha? Nthawi zambiri timaganiza kuti ndi saline. Koma nthawi zina si saline yokha. Nthawi zina ndi madzi apadera omwe ali ndi michere yonse yomwe munthu amafunikira kuti akhale ndi moyo. Ndicho chimene timachitcha 'zakudya zam'mitsempha', kapena m'mawu azachipatala, Parenteral Nutrition .

Mwachidule, kodi Parenteral Nutrition ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, izi zimachitika pamene mumadutsa dongosolo lanu logaya chakudya (dongosolo lonse kuyambira pakamwa panu kupita ku anus) kwathunthu ndikupereka zakudya mwachindunji ku thupi lanu kudzera m'mitsempha yamagazi. Mawu akuti "parenteral" amatanthauza "kunja kwa dongosolo logaya chakudya."

Mwina munamvapo za zakudya za m'mimba. Izi zimaphatikizapo kupereka chakudya chamadzimadzi mwachindunji m'mimba kapena m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kudzera mu chubu cholowetsedwa kudzera mu mphuno kapena kampata kakang'ono m'mimba. Koma ndi zakudya za parenteral, dongosolo lonseli limaletsedwa ndipo zakudya zimawonjezedwa mwachindunji m'magazi. Mu matenda ena, njira iyi ingafunike kwa nthawi yochepa kapena yayitali. Anthu ena amapatsidwa izi kuti awonjezere chakudya chomwe amadya ndi pakamwa. Ena amafunika kupeza ma calories awo onse kudzera mu zakudyazi kudzera mu mtsempha.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya njira iyi ndi iti?

Njira iyi yopezera zakudya zopatsa thanzi ingagawidwe m'magulu awiri akuluakulu. Choyamba chimadalira kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zaperekedwa, ndipo china chimadalira mtundu wa mtsempha womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zakudya. Tiyeni timvetse bwino zonsezi.

1. Kusankha malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zaperekedwa

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya izi.

2. Kugawa m'magulu malinga ndi mtundu wa mtsempha womwe wagwiritsidwa ntchito

Kodi madzi opatsa thanzi awa ali ndi chiyani?

Iyi ndi njira yopangira mankhwala. Koma iyi si chinthu chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa aliyense mofanana. Malinga ndi zosowa za thupi lanu, kutengera zotsatira za mayeso a magazi anu, mumapatsidwa njira yokonzera zakudya zomwe mwasankha .

Ikhoza kukhala ndi michere yonse isanu ndi umodzi yofunika kwambiri m'thupi mosiyanasiyana:

• Madzi
• Chakudya (cha mphamvu)
• Mapuloteni (othandiza kukula ndi kukonzanso thupi)
• Mafuta (opatsa mphamvu ndi mafuta ofunikira)
• Mavitamini
• Mchere wa mchere

Zakudya zimenezi ndi zathunthu moti ngati munthu angafune, akhoza kukhala ndi moyo wotere popanda kumwa chilichonse.

Kodi njira zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika ziti?

Kodi ndi liti pamene zakudya zopatsa thanzi pang'ono (PPN) zimafunika?

PPN nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwakanthawi. Mwachitsanzo, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatsa munthu mphamvu mwachangu asanayambe pang'onopang'ono kudyetsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu kapena kumwa. Komanso, odwala omwe ali m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kudwala matenda osowa zakudya m'thupi pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana. PPN imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kuwapatsa zakudya zina zowonjezera.

Kodi zakudya zonse za parenteral (TPN) zimafunika liti?

Ngati dongosolo lanu la m'mimba silikugwira ntchito konse, kapena ngati muli ndi matenda am'mimba omwe amafunikira kupuma kwathunthu kwa dongosololo, mungafunike TPN.

Nazi zina mwazochitika zomwe TPN ingafunike:

• Opaleshoni yayikulu ya m'mimba
• Chemotherapy ya khansa
• Kuchepa kwa magazi kupita ku matumbo (Ischemia ya m'mimba)
• Kutsekeka kwa matumbo m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu
• Kulephera kugwira bwino ntchito kwa m'mimba (Kutaya kwa nthawi yayitali kwa ileus)
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba
• Kuwonongeka kwa matumbo chifukwa cha chithandizo cha radiation (radiation enteritis)
• Kubadwa msanga kwambiri
• Matenda a enterocolitis mwa ana aang'ono
• Kutsegula m'mimba kwa nthawi yayitali
• Matenda otupa m'matumbo monga matenda a Crohn
• Matenda a m'mimba afupi (vuto lomwe limachitika pambuyo poti gawo la m'mimba lachotsedwa opaleshoni)
• Matenda a m'mimba omwe amayambitsidwa ndi graft-versus

Kodi kukonzekera ndi kukhazikitsa chithandizochi kumachitika bwanji?

Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chakonzedwa bwino komanso chochitidwa ndi gulu la madokotala.

Kukonzekera chithandizo

Gulu lanu lachipatala (madokotala, anamwino, ndi akatswiri azakudya) lidzawunikanso mosamala mbiri yanu yaumoyo, index ya kulemera kwa thupi (BMI), ndi zotsatira za mayeso a magazi kuti adziwe njira yopezera zakudya zomwe mukufuna. Madzi opatsa thanzi awa amakonzedwa ndi katswiri mu Mlingo wokwanira maola 24. Ayenera kusungidwa mufiriji mpaka tsiku lomwe mukuwafuna. Amachotsedwa maola angapo musanagwiritse ntchito ndikuloledwa kuti afike kutentha kwa chipinda.

Momwe mungaikire catheter m'thupi

Kulowetsa chubu, chotchedwa catheter, m'thupi lanu ndi njira yaying'ono yochitira opaleshoni. Izi zisanachitike, mudzapatsidwa mankhwala ochepetsa ululu kuti muchepetse ululu ndikukutonthozani. Kenako, malo omwe catheter idzalowetsedwa adzatsukidwa bwino ndikutsukidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Dokotala amaika waya wotsogolera mumtsempha pogwiritsa ntchito singano, kenako amachotsa singanoyo ndikuyika katheta kudzera mu wayawo mumtsempha. Ultrasound kapena X-ray zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti zili pamalo oyenera.

Mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma catheter imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Katheta yakunja "yokhala ndi ngalande": Iyi idapangidwa kuti ipite patali pang'ono pansi pa khungu ndikutuluka pamalo ena.
• Katheta woyikidwa mokwanira: Iyi imakhala pansi pa khungu lonse. Pakufunika kudyetsa, singano imayikidwa mu cholumikizira chapadera pansi pa khungu ndikulumikizidwa nacho.
• Katheta wapakati wolowetsedwa m'thupi (PICC): Uwu umalowetsedwa kudzera m'mitsempha yomwe ili pamwamba pa mkono ndikulumikizidwa ku mtsempha waukulu womwe uli pafupi ndi mtima. Nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu omwe amafunikira zakudya zosakwana milungu 6.

Kodi zakudya zimaperekedwa bwanji komanso kuyang'aniridwa bwanji?

Kudyetsa mwana nthawi zambiri kumachitika kwa maola 10-12, kotero anthu ambiri amachita izi usiku akagona. Chithandizochi chingachitike kuchipatala, kuchipatala cha nthawi yayitali, kapena ngakhale kunyumba .

Ngati mukuchita izi kunyumba, gulu lachipatala lidzakupatsani inu kapena wosamalira wanu maphunziro athunthu, kuphatikizapo momwe mungazindikire zizindikiro za matenda, momwe mungasungire zida zoyera, komanso momwe mungasinthire machubu.

Gulu lachipatala lidzakuyang'anirani nthawi zonse mukalandira chithandizo.

• Imayesa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amalowa ndi kutuluka m'thupi lanu.
• Kulemera ndi kutalika zimawunikidwa nthawi zonse.
• Mayeso a magazi amachitidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti awone ngati pakufunika kusintha zakudya zomwe zili mu fomula.

Makamaka, amaika maganizo awo pa zinthu izi:

• Ma electrolyte ndi ntchito ya impso (BUN/Creatinine)
• Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (kupewa hyperglycemia kapena hypoglycemia)
• Miyezo ya mchere
• Zizindikiro za ntchito ya chiwindi (Aminotransferases, Bilirubin)

Kodi ubwino ndi zoopsa za njira iyi ndi ziti?

Monga chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala, ichi chili ndi ubwino ndi zoopsa zake.

Ubwino

Phindu lalikulu la njira iyi ndilakuti imapatsa thupi lanu chakudya chokwanira chomwe likufunika kuti lichiritsidwe pambuyo pa matenda aakulu kapena opaleshoni.Zimathandizanso kulimbitsa thupi mwa kupereka zakudya zofunika kwa odwala omwe ali m'chipatala kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka okalamba. Ndi mankhwala opulumutsa moyo kwa iwo omwe kugaya chakudya kwawo kwawonongeka kwamuyaya komanso kwa makanda obadwa msanga omwe sangathe kudya bwino.

Zoopsa ndi Zovuta

Njirayi ili ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha mavuto kuposa kudya chakudya cham'mimba. Mavuto awiri akuluakulu ndi chiopsezo cha majeremusi kulowa m'magazi kudzera mu catheter ndi kufooka kwa dongosolo la m'mimba chifukwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.

Kuphatikiza apo, palinso zoopsa zina monga kuvulala mukaika catheter, madzi ambiri m'thupi, komanso kumva njala.

Kodi mungayambe bwanji kudya ndi pakamwa?

Ngakhale kuti zakudya zopatsa thanzi zimatha kuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali, madokotala nthawi zonse amayesa kukusinthirani kuti muyambe kuyamwitsa mwana pogwiritsa ntchito chubu kapena kumwa mwamsanga. Chifukwa cha izi ndi kupewa mavuto a nthawi yayitali.

Kusinthaku kumachitika pang'onopang'ono komanso pang'onopang'ono chifukwa, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi matenda anu, dongosolo logaya chakudya lomwe lakhala "likugona" kwa kanthawi silidzayamba kugwira ntchito mwadzidzidzi.

1. Yambani ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi .

2. Ngati thupi liyankha bwino, sinthani ku zakudya zamadzimadzi zonse .

3. Pomaliza, pang'onopang'ono yambitsani zakudya zolimba .

Ngakhale mutasiya chithandizochi, gulu lachipatala lidzapitiriza kuyang'anira kulemera kwanu ndi kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe mumadya kwa kanthawi.

Zakudya za Parenteral ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa milandu yovuta kwambiri, koma nthawi zina zimakhala zofunikira kupulumutsa moyo. Ngati izi ndizofunikira kwa inu kapena wokondedwa wanu, zingakhale zovuta komanso zatsopano. Koma pakapita nthawi, zidzakhala gawo la zochita zanu za tsiku ndi tsiku. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizo omwe gulu lachipatala lapereka molondola ndikuwauza za mavuto aliwonse.