Pansi pa ubongo wathu, pali kachiwalo kakang'ono koma kofunikira kwambiri. Timakatcha kuti Pituitary Gland. Ngakhale kuti ndi kakang'ono, kamagwira ntchito ngati bwana wamkulu wa thupi lathu. Kamayang'anira zinthu zambiri zofunika kwambiri, monga kukula kwathu, kugunda kwa mtima, komanso kuthekera kwa kukhala ndi ana. Ndi komwenso kamauza ma gland ena m'thupi kuti, "Chabwino, tsopano pangani mahomoni anu." Ndicho chifukwa chake timakatcha kuti "Master Gland."
Kotero, pamene maselo a pituitary gland awa ayamba kukula modabwitsa komanso mosalamulirika, timatcha chotupa cha pituitary. Koma chomwe anthu ambiri amaopa apa ndi chakuti kaya ndi khansa. Ndipotu, zotupa zambiri za pituitary si khansa. Khansa ya pituitary ndi yosowa kwambiri. Komabe, ngakhale zotupa izi si khansa, zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto aakulu chifukwa cha kukula kwawo (zotupa zazikulu) kapena chifukwa zimapanga mahomoni owonjezera omwe thupi silifunikira (zotupa zogwira ntchito). Izi nthawi zambiri zimachiritsidwa ndi opaleshoni, mankhwala, kapena radiation therapy.
Nchifukwa chiyani zotupa za pituitary izi zimachitika?
Ndipotu, madokotala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa zotupazi. Nthawi zina pamakhala kusintha kwa majini a maselo a pituitary, koma zikuwoneka kuti zimachitika mwangozi.
Komabe, pali matenda enaake a majini omwe amachititsa anthu omwe ali nawo kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu la kudwala matenda a pituitary. Ena mwa matenda amenewa ndi awa:
- Carney complex: Ichi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri omwe amayambitsa matenda ambiri osakhala khansa m'thupi.
- Matenda a pituitary adenoma (FIPA): Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri. Amapangitsa kuti thupi likhale lalikulu kuposa lachibadwa.
- Kuchuluka kwa magazi m'banja komwe kumabisika: Izi zikufanana ndi FIPA.
- Matenda a McCune-Albright: Matenda osowawa amayambitsa matenda m'mafupa ndi pakhungu.
- Matenda ambiri a endocrine neoplasia, mtundu woyamba ndi wachinayi (MEN1, MEN4): Matendawa angayambitse zotupa m'matenda a thupi.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kukula kwa chotupa
Chiwalo cha pituitary chili pamalo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri pansi pa ubongo, pafupi kwambiri ndi mitsempha ya maso yomwe imanyamula mauthenga pakati pa maso ndi ubongo. Chifukwa chake, chotupa chachikulu chikakula pamalo ang'onoang'ono awa, chimayamba kukankhira zinthu zozungulira. Izi zingayambitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.
Mwachidule, vuto lalikulu ndilakuti pamene chotupacho chikukulirakulira, chimafinya ziwalo zofunika kwambiri zomwe zikuchizungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo achepe.
Zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kutsekeka kwa madzi ndi izi:
- Mutu: Mutu wopweteka pafupipafupi, nthawi zina woopsa.
- Mavuto a masomphenya:Zinthu monga kutayika kwa masomphenya ndi kuwona zinthu ziwiri, makamaka poyang'ana patsogolo.
Komanso, ngati chotupachi chikukankhira pa pituitary gland yokha, kuchuluka kwa mahomoni opangidwa ndi gland kungachepe. Kenako, zizindikiro monga izi zingachitike:
- Kwa amuna: kukula kwa mawere, kutayika kwa tsitsi pankhope, ndi kusowa kwa mphamvu zogonana.
- Kwa akazi: kusamba kosakhazikika kapena kuleka, kusiya kuyamwitsa popanda kukhala ndi mwana.
- Kwa ana: Kuchedwa kukula ndi kukhwima m'thupi.
- Zofala: kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kusanza, kusapeza bwino m'mimba, kusintha kwa thupi, komanso kumva kuzizira nthawi zonse.
Zizindikiro zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi zotupa zomwe zimapanga mahomoni
Ziphuphu zina (zotupa zomwe zimagwira ntchito) zimapanga mahomoni owonjezera omwe thupi silifunikira. Zizindikiro zomwe zimachitika zimadalira mahomoni omwe akupangidwa mopitirira muyeso. Tiyeni tiwone momwe zimagwirira ntchito.
| Homoni yomwe imapangidwa kwambiri | Mkhalidwe ndi zizindikiro |
|---|---|
| Homoni ya adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) | Izi zimalamulira hormone ya cortisol. ACTH ikakula, matenda otchedwa Cushing's syndrome amayamba. Zizindikiro: Kutupa kosavuta, kuthamanga kwa magazi, shuga wambiri m'magazi, mabala otambalala ofiirira kapena pinki, nkhope yozungulira kwambiri, kufooka kwa minofu, miyendo yopyapyala ndi nkhope yokulirapo, khosi, ndi thupi. |
| Hormone Yokula | Izi zimalamulira kukula kwa thupi, shuga, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Ngati izi ziwonjezeka: Ana: Amakula kwambiri kuposa masiku onse ( Gigantism ) Akuluakulu: Kukula kwa mafupa a nkhope, manja, ndi mapazi ( Acromegaly ) Zizindikiro zina: matenda a mtima, shuga wambiri m'magazi, kupweteka kwa mafupa, thukuta kwambiri. |
| Prolactin | Izi zimapangitsa kuti mkaka wa m'mawere ukhale wabwino kwa akazi. Ngati izi zikuwonjezeka: Kwa akazi: Kutuluka kwa mkaka wa m'mawere akakhala kuti alibe pakati kapena asanabereke, kuchepa kwa chilakolako chogonana, kutha kwa msambo, kuvutika kutenga pakati. Kwa amuna: kuchepa kwa umuna komanso kusagwira bwino ntchito zogonana. |
| Homoni yolimbikitsa chithokomiro (TSH) | Izi zimauza chithokomiro kuti chipange mahomoni. Izi zimayang'anira kukula, kutentha, ndi kugunda kwa mtima. Ngati TSH ili yokwera: Zizindikiro: Kugunda kwa mtima mofulumira kapena kosasinthasintha, matumbo oyenda pafupipafupi, mavuto ogona, kunjenjemera, thukuta kwambiri, kuchepa thupi. |
Kodi mwapeza bwanji izi, Dokotala?
Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikirozi, choyamba adzakufunsani funso latsatanetsatane lokhudza zizindikiro zanu komanso mbiri yanu ya thanzi. Kenako, adzakuyesani thupi.
Kuphatikiza apo, n'zotheka kuchita mayeso monga:
- Kuyezetsa maso: Yang'anani ngati chotupacho chakhudza maso anu.
- Kuyezetsa ubongo: Yang'anani momwe ubongo wanu, chingwe cha msana, ndi mitsempha zimagwirira ntchito.
- Kuyezetsa magazi ndi mkodzo: Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa mahomoni anu kuti muwone bwino lomwe.
- Kujambula: Kutsimikizira ngati pali chotupa mwa kuyang'ana mkati mwa thupi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika ndi CT scan , ndipo nthawi zina MRI scan ingachitike.
Kodi mankhwala ochizira izi ndi otani?
Ziphuphu zambiri za pituitary sizifuna chithandizo. Komabe, ngati chotupa chanu chikufunika chithandizo, njira yosankhidwa idzadalira mtundu wa chotupacho, kukula kwake, ndi thanzi lanu lonse.
Opaleshoni
Uwu ndi mankhwala ofala kwambiri. Pokhapokha ngati ndi chotupa chomwe chimapanga prolactin, zotupa zina zambiri zimachotsedwa opaleshoni. Kuti achite opaleshoniyi, dokotala angadule m'mphuno, kudzera m'chibowo pamwamba pa mlomo wapamwamba, kapena kudzera m'chibowo cha chibade. Opaleshoni nthawi zambiri imachitika kudzera m'chibowo cha zotupa zazikulu kapena zotupa zomwe zafalikira m'njira yovuta.
Chithandizo cha X-ray
Chithandizochi chimagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge chotupacho. Chithandizochi n'chothandiza ngati chotupacho sichingathe kuchotsedwa kwathunthu ndi opaleshoni, kapena ngati chotupacho chabwerera. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chithandizo cha radiation, kuyambira chithandizo chimodzi cha mlingo waukulu (stereotactic radiosurgery) mpaka chithandizo cha mlingo wotsika chomwe chimaperekedwa kangapo pa sabata kwa milungu 4-6.
Mankhwala
Kutengera mtundu wa chotupa chomwe muli nacho, dokotala wanu angayese kaye mankhwala. Makamaka ngati chotupa chanu chikupanga prolactin, mankhwala amatha kuchepetsa kupanga kwa mahomoni amenewo ndikuthandizira kuchepa kwa chotupacho. Mankhwala ndi othandizanso pa zotupa zomwe zimapanga mahomoni okulira komanso pochiza matenda monga Cushing's syndrome ndi acromegaly.
Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba
- Matenda ambiri a pituitary si a khansa, choncho musachite mantha mosayenera.
- Zizindikiro monga mutu ndi kusintha kwa masomphenya zimatha kuchitika kutengera kukula kwa chotupacho. Zizindikiro zimathanso kuchitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mahomoni m'thupi.
- Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala woyenerera mwamsanga.
- Pali njira zothandiza zochizira izi, monga opaleshoni, chithandizo cha radiation, ndi mankhwala.
- Kambiranani momasuka ndi dokotala wanu mafunso aliwonse okhudza matenda anu ndi chithandizo chanu.
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