Kodi mukuvutika ndi mapapu anu? Tiyeni tikambirane za chibayo.

Kodi masiku ano mukuvutikanso ndi kupweteka pachifuwa, chifuwa chobwerezabwereza, ndi malungo? Nthawi zina timaganiza kuti izi ndi chimfine kapena malungo ochepa, koma zingakhale zovuta kwambiri. Lero, tikambirana za matenda otchedwa chibayo omwe amakhudza mapapu athu. Musadandaule, ngati tadziwitsidwa bwino za izi, tikhoza kudziteteza kwambiri ndikuchira mwachangu ngati zitachitika.

Kodi chibayo n'chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, chibayo ndi matenda a m'mapapo mwanu . Matendawa angayambitsidwe ndi mabakiteriya , mavairasi , kapena, kawirikawiri , bowa . Matendawa amachititsa kuti minofu ya m'mapapo mwanu itukuke, kapena kutupa . Nthawi zina mapapo amatha kudzaza ndi madzi kapena mafinya.

Chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya nthawi zambiri chimakhala choopsa kwambiri kuposa chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi. Chibayo chomwe chimayambitsa mavairasi nthawi zambiri chimatha chokha. Chibayo chingakhudze mapapu amodzi okha, kapena chingakhudze mapapu onse awiri. Chikakhudza mapapu onse awiri, chimatchedwa chibayo cha mbali ziwiri kapena ziwiri .

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa chibayo cha mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya?

Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa ziwirizi. Ndipotu, matenda onse a chibayo amakhudza matenda ndi kutupa kwa mapapo. Komabe, zizindikiro zimatha kusiyana pang'ono kutengera mtundu wa kachilombo (mabakiteriya, kachilombo, kapena bowa) komwe kunayambitsa matendawa.

Chibayo cha bakiteriya ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chibayo, ndipo chingakhale choopsa kwambiri. Chingafunikenso kugonekedwa m'chipatala. Madokotala amachichiza ndi maantibayotiki .

Chibayo cha mavairasi nthawi zambiri chimabwera ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi chimfine. Nthawi zambiri chimatha popanda chithandizo chapadera.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya chibayo ndi iti?

Timagawa chibayo m'magulu potengera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe tinayambitsa (monga kachilombo, mabakiteriya kapena bowa) komanso momwe munachipezera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kaya munachipeza kuchokera kwa anthu ammudzi, kuchipatala, kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito makina opumulira.

1. Chibayo chomwe chimapezeka m'dera (CAP)

Ngati mutenga chibayo m'dera lanu, monga kunyumba kapena kuntchito, osati kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala, chimatchedwa chibayo chomwe chimaperekedwa m'dera lanu (CAP) . Izi zitha kuchitika chifukwa cha:

• Mabakiteriya: Choyambitsa chachikulu ndi bakiteriya wotchedwa Streptococcus pneumoniae . Izi zingayambitsenso matenda a m'makutu, matenda a m'mphuno, ndi meningitis.Chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya Mycoplasma pneumoniae nthawi zambiri sichimakula kwambiri. Chimayambikanso chifukwa cha mabakiteriya monga Haemophilus influenzae , Chlamydia pneumoniae , ndi Legionella (matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha izi amatchedwa matenda a Legionnaires).
• Mavairasi: Mavairasi monga chimfine, fuluwenza , COVID-19, ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) nthawi zina angayambitse chibayo.
• Bowa/mafangayi: Bowa monga Cryptococcus , Pneumocystis jirovecii , ndi Coccidioides nthawi zambiri samayambitsa chibayo. Anthu omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo chifukwa cha bowa.
• Mapulotozoa: Kawirikawiri, mapulotozoa monga Toxoplasma angayambitsenso chibayo.

2. Chibayo chopezeka kuchipatala (HAP)

Ngati mudwala chibayo muli kuchipatala chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena opaleshoni ina, imatchedwa chibayo chopezeka kuchipatala (HAP) . Nthawi zambiri chimakhala choopsa kwambiri kuposa chibayo chopezeka m'dera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa nthawi zambiri chimayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki. Mwachitsanzo , Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yosagonjetsedwa ndi methicillin . Izi zikutanthauza kuti HAP ikhoza kukudwalitsani komanso kukuvutani kuchiza.

3. Chibayo chokhudzana ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo (HCAP)

Mtundu uwu wa chibayo ukhoza kuchitika m'malo osamalira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali, monga m'nyumba zosungira okalamba, kapena m'zipatala zakunja komwe odwala amalandira chithandizo cha nthawi yayitali. Monga chibayo chomwe chimaperekedwa kuchipatala, nthawi zambiri chimayambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya omwe sagonjetsedwa ndi maantibayotiki.

4. Chibayo chokhudzana ndi mpweya (VAP)

Ngati muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito makina opumira kuti akuthandizeni kupuma kuchipatala (nthawi zambiri mu chipinda chosamalira odwala kwambiri (ICU), muli pachiwopsezo chotenga mtundu uwu wa chibayo wotchedwa VAP . Ungayambitsidwe ndi mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chibayo chopezeka m'deralo, komanso mabakiteriya osagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki omwe amayambitsa chibayo chopezeka m'chipatala.

5. Chibayo cha kupuma

Ngati chinthu monga chakudya, zakumwa, malovu, kapena kusanza chilowa m'mapapo mwanu, ndiko kuti, ngati chalowa m'khosi mwanu (aspiration) , ndipo simungathe kuchikoka, mutha kutenga matenda a m'mapapo. Izi zili choncho chifukwaKodi chibayo cha aspiration n'chiyani?

Ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ndili ndi chibayo, chimfine, kapena chimfine?

Zingakhale zovuta kusiyanitsa chimfine, chimfine, ndi chibayo. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angakuuzeni zomwe muli nazo. Chibayo chingakhale matenda oopsa, choncho ndikofunikira kufunafuna chithandizo chamankhwala ngati muli ndi zizindikiro zazikulu izi:

• Kulimba kwa chifuwa kapena kupweteka.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Malungo a madigiri 38.88 Celsius (102 Fahrenheit) kapena kupitirira apo.
• Kutuluka kwa mamina achikasu, obiriwira, kapena otuluka magazi .

Kumbukirani, ngati muli ndi zizindikiro izi, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Ndani amene ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo?

Muli pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga chibayo ngati :

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65 kapena zosakwana zaka ziwiri.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda a m'mapapo (monga cystic fibrosis , mphumu , matenda osatha obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD), emphysema , pulmonary fibrosis , sarcoidosis ) kapena matenda a mtima.
• Ngati muli ndi vuto la mitsempha lomwe limayambitsa kuvutika kumeza (monga matenda a dementia , matenda a Parkinson , sitiroko ), anthu awa ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a aspiration pneumonia .
• Ngati muli kuchipatala kapena ku malo osamalira odwala kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Ngati ndinu wosuta fodya.
• Ngati muli ndi pakati.
• Ngati chitetezo chanu chamthupi chili chofooka (monga, ngati mukulandira mankhwala a chemotherapy , munasamutsidwa chiwalo china, muli ndi HIV/AIDS , kapena mukumwa mankhwala oletsa chitetezo chamthupi).

Kodi chibayo ndi chofala bwanji?

Aliyense akhoza kutenga chibayo. Ndi matenda ofala kwambiri. Ku United States kokha, anthu mamiliyoni ambiri amadwala chibayo chaka chilichonse. Ndipo, anthu pafupifupi 55,000 amafa ndi chibayo chaka chilichonse ku United States. Chibayo ndiye chifukwa chachikulu cha imfa m'maiko osatukuka.

Kodi zizindikiro za chibayo ndi ziti?

Zizindikiro za chibayo zimasiyana malinga ndi chomwe chimayambitsa. Zizindikiro zimatha kuyambira zofatsa mpaka zowopsa. Makanda, ana aang'ono, ndi okalamba angasonyeze zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha bakiteriya

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha bakiteriya zimatha kuyamba pang'onopang'ono kapena mwadzidzidzi. Zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo aakulu (mpaka madigiri Celsius 40.55 kapena madigiri Fahrenheit 105).
• Kutsokomola kwa chikasu, chobiriwira, kapena chotuluka magazi .
• Kutopa.
• Kupuma mwachangu.
• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Kugunda kwa mtima mwachangu.
• Kutuluka thukuta kapena kumva kuzizira.
• Kupweteka pachifuwa ndi/kapena m'mimba, makamaka mukakosoza kapena kupuma mozama.
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wabuluu pakhungu, milomo, kapena misomali (Cyanosis) .
• Kusokonezeka kapena kusintha kwa maganizo.

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha mavairasi

Zizindikiro za chibayo cha kachilombo nthawi zambiri zimakula pang'onopang'ono kwa masiku angapo. Mutha kukhala ndi zizindikiro zofanana ndi za chibayo cha bakiteriya, kapena mutha kukhala ndi:

• Chifuwa chouma.
• Mutu .
• Kupweteka kwa minofu.
• Kutopa kwambiri kapena kufooka.

Zizindikiro za chibayo mwa ana aang'ono

Makanda ndi makanda obadwa kumene sangasonyeze zizindikiro zilizonse za chibayo, kapena zizindikiro zawo zitha kukhala zosiyana ndi za akuluakulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Malungo, kuzizira, kusapeza bwino, thukuta/kufiira kwa khungu.
• Chifuwa.
• Kuvuta kupuma kapena kupuma mofulumira (Tachypnea) .
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Kusanza.
• Kusowa mphamvu.
• Kusakhazikika kapena kulira pafupipafupi.

Mungaone zinthu ngati izi mwa makanda ndi ana aang'ono:

• Phokoso la kupuma kapena kupuma movutikira.
• Kuchepa kwa kukodza kapena kuchepa kwa matewera onyowa.
• Khungu lotumbululuka.
• Thupi lopanda moyo.
• Kulira kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.
• Kuvuta kumwa mkaka.

Zizindikiro za chibayo mwa anthu opitirira zaka 65

Anthu opitirira zaka 65 kapena omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka akhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro zochepa kapena zochepa za chibayo (monga chifuwa ndi kupuma movutikira). Angakhalenso ndi zizindikiro zoyipa za matenda omwe alipo. Anthu okalamba angakumane ndi izi:

• Kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa maganizo.
• Chakudyacho sichikoma.
• Wotopa.

Kodi chibayo chimayambitsa chiyani?

Chibayo chimachitika pamene chitetezo cha mthupi lanu chimalimbana ndi matenda omwe alowa m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya (alveoli) m'mapapu anu. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mapapu anu adzipe ndikuyamba kutulutsa madzi.

Mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya, mavairasi, ndi bowa ingayambitse chibayo. Mabakiteriya ndi omwe amachititsa chibayo kwambiri mwa akuluakulu, ndipo mavairasi ndi omwe amachititsa chibayo kwambiri mwa ana a msinkhu wa sukulu. Matenda ena omwe angayambitse chibayo ndi awa:

• Chimfine chofala (Rhinovirus) .
• Covid-19 (SARS-COV-2) .
• Chimfine (kachilombo ka fuluwenza) .
• Kachilombo ka HIV ka anthu (HMPV) .
• Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) .
• Matenda a Legionnaires .
• Bakiteriya ya Mycoplasma pneumonia.
• Matenda a pneumococcal(Matenda a pneumococcal) .
• Chibayo cha pneumocystis .
• Kachilombo ka HIV kolumikizana ndi mpweya (RSV) .

Kodi chibayo chimafalikira?

Chibayo sichimafalikira kwenikweni. Komabe, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe amachititsa izi ndi opatsirana . Mwachitsanzo, chibayo chimafalikira, ndipo chibayocho chingayambitsenso chibayo. Komabe, si aliyense amene amadwala chibayo amadwala chibayo.

Choyambitsa chibayo chofala kwambiri , Streptococcus pneumoniae , chingafalikire kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina mwa kukhudza malo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka kapena kudzera m'madontho omwe amatuluka munthu wodwala akamatsokomola kapena kuyetsemula.

Chibayo cha bowa sichimafalikira. Mosiyana ndi matenda a bowa, mavairasi, ndi mabakiteriya, sichimafalikira kuchokera kwa munthu wina kupita kwa wina.

Kodi chibayo chimazindikirika bwanji?

Kuti adziwe matenda a chibayo, dokotala adzakufunsani za mbiri yanu ya thanzi ndikukupimirani thupi. Iye adzamvetsera mapapu anu ndi stethoscope . Kuphatikiza apo, mayeso ena angachitike kapena kuyitanidwa. Izi zitha kuphatikizapo mayeso ojambula zithunzi monga X-ray pachifuwa , kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu pogwiritsa ntchito pulse oximetry (muyeso wa mpweya m'magazi) , mayeso amagazi, kapena mayeso a sputum .

Nthawi zina, ngakhale dokotala wanu atatsimikizira kuti muli ndi chibayo, sangathe kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa chibayocho.

Ndi mayeso ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira chibayo?

Dokotala wanu angachite mayeso kuti aone ngati mapapo anu ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda, kuyeza momwe mapapo anu akugwirira ntchito, ndikuwunika magazi kapena madzi ena amthupi kuti apeze chomwe chimayambitsa chibayo chanu, monga:

• Kujambula: Chithunzi cha X-ray kapena CT scan chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kujambula mapapu anu ndikuwona zizindikiro za matenda.
• Kuyezetsa magazi: Kuyezetsa magazi kungathandize kudziwa mtundu wa matenda omwe amayambitsa chibayo chanu.
• Kuyesa makoswe: Mudzapemphedwa kuti mukhosomole ndikuyika makoswe m'chidebe. Adzatumizidwa ku labu kuti akayesedwe ngati ali ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndi chomwe chikuyambitsa matendawa.
• Kuyeza kwa pulse oximetry: Kuyeza kumeneku kumayesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi mwanu ndipo kungapatse dokotala wanu lingaliro la momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.
• Kumera kwa madzi m'mapapo: Dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito singano yopyapyala kuti atenge chitsanzo cha madzi ozungulira mapapo anu. Chitsanzocho chimatumizidwa ku labu kuti chithandize kupeza chomwe chayambitsa matendawa.
• Kuyesa mpweya wa m'magazi: Kuti mudziwe momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito, magazi amatengedwa kuchokera padzanja lanu, mkono, kapena khosi ndipo mpweya womwe uli m'magazi anu umayesedwa.
• Bronchoscopy: Nthawi zina, dokotala wanu angagwiritse ntchito chubu chopepuka komanso chopepuka chotchedwa bronchoscope kuti ayang'ane mkati mwa mapapo anu. Angatengenso zitsanzo za minofu kapena madzi kuti akayesedwe mu labu.

Kodi chibayo chimachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha chibayo chimadalira chomwe chimayambitsa (mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena bowa) komanso momwe vuto lanu lilili lalikulu. Popeza chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri sichidziwika, chithandizo chimayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa zizindikiro ndikuletsa vuto lanu kuti lisakule kwambiri.

Njira zina zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo:

• Mankhwala Opha Mabakiteriya: Chibayo cha bakiteriya chimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala opha mabakiteriya. Sachiritsa kachilombo, koma dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwalawo ngati muli ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya pamodzi ndi kachilombo.
• Mankhwala oletsa bowa: Chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha matenda a bowa chimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi mankhwala oletsa bowa.
• Mankhwala oletsa mavairasi: Chibayo cha mavairasi nthawi zambiri sichimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala, ndipo chikhoza kutha chokha. Kuti muchepetse kutalika ndi kuopsa kwa matenda anu chifukwa cha kachilombo, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala oletsa mavairasi monga Oseltamivir (Tamiflu®) , Zanamivir (Relenza®) , kapena Peramivir (Rapivab®) .
• Chithandizo cha okosijeni: Ngati simukupeza mpweya wokwanira, dokotala wanu angakupatseni mpweya wowonjezera kudzera mu chubu chomwe chimayikidwa m'mphuno mwanu kapena chophimba nkhope chomwe chimavala.
• Madzi olowa m'mitsempha (madzi a m'mitsempha): Madzi operekedwa mwachindunji mumtsempha (IV) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa kutaya madzi m'thupi kapena kuchiza kutaya madzi m'thupi ngati atachitika.
• Kuchotsa madzimadzi: Ngati madzi ambiri asonkhana pakati pa mapapo anu ndi khoma la chifuwa ( pleural effusion ), dokotala wanu akhoza kuwachotsa. Izi zitha kuchitika ndi catheter kapena opaleshoni.

Kodi chibayo chimatha chokha?

Chibayo cha mavairasi nthawi zambiri chimatha chokha. Komabe, nthawi zonse muyenera kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu kuti muchiritse zizindikiro zanu ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha mavuto aakulu.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthana ndi zizindikiro za chibayo?

Mankhwala operekedwa ndi dokotala komanso zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kunyumba zingakuthandizeni kumva bwino komanso kuthana ndi zizindikiro za chibayo:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu ndi malungo: Dokotala wanu angakulembereni mankhwala monga ibuprofen (Advil®) ndi acetaminophen (Tylenol®) ochizira ululu ndi malungo m'thupi.
• Mankhwala oletsa chifuwa:Funsani dokotala wanu musanamwe mankhwala oletsa chifuwa cha chibayo. Kutsokomola n'kofunika kwambiri poyeretsa mapapu anu.
• Mankhwala ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi opumira: Dokotala wanu angakupatseni mankhwala awa kuti muchepetse mamina ndikukuthandizani kupuma.
• Kugwiritsa Ntchito Chotenthetsera Madzi: Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti musunge chotenthetsera madzi chaching'ono pafupi ndi bedi lanu kapena kusamba ndi madzi ofunda. Izi zingathandize kuti kupuma kukhale kosavuta.
• Imwani madzi ambiri.

Kodi ndidzakhala bwino nthawi yayitali bwanji nditalandira chithandizo cha chibayo?

Kumva bwino msanga kumadalira zinthu izi:

• zaka zanu.
• Chifukwa cha chibayo chanu.
• Kuopsa kwa chibayo chanu.
• Kaya muli ndi matenda ena kapena zovuta zina.

Ngati ndinu munthu wathanzi wopanda matenda ena, zizindikiro zambiri za chibayo cha bakiteriya nthawi zambiri zimayamba kusintha mkati mwa maola 24 mpaka 48 mutayamba kulandira chithandizo. Pa chibayo cha kachilombo, mungayambe kumva bwino mkati mwa masiku ochepa mutayamba kulandira chithandizo. Zizindikiro zina, monga chifuwa ndi kutopa, zimatha kukhala kwa milungu ingapo.

Kodi ndidzakhala ndi matenda opatsirana kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji ngati ndili ndi chibayo?

Ngati muli ndi chibayo cha bakiteriya, simungaganizidwenso kuti ndinu opatsirana pambuyo poti malungo anu achepa ndipo mwakhala mukumwa maantibayotiki kwa masiku osachepera awiri. Ngati muli ndi chibayo cha kachilombo, mumaganiziridwabe kuti ndinu opatsirana mpaka mutamva bwino ndipo mwakhala opanda malungo kwa masiku angapo.

Kodi ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani ngati ndili ndi chibayo?

Ngati ndinu munthu wathanzi wopanda matenda ena, mutha kuchira msanga chibayo ngati mutalandira chithandizo mwachangu. Komabe, ngati simulandira chithandizo, makamaka ngati muli ndi matenda ena, chibayo chingakhale choopsa.

Ngakhale anthu omwe alandira chithandizo chabwino ndikuchira kwathunthu nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi mavuto azaumoyo kwa nthawi yayitali. Mukachira chibayo, mutha kukumana ndi izi:

• Kuchepa kwa luso lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
• Kuwonjezeka kwa matenda a mtima.
• Kutsika kwakukulu kwa moyo wabwino.

Ana omwe achira chibayo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda osatha a m'mapapo.

Ngati mukupitirizabe kukhala ndi mavuto a thanzi mutachira chibayo, onani dokotala wanu.

Kodi mavuto omwe angakhalepo chifukwa cha chibayo ndi ati?

Chibayo chingayambitse mavuto akuluakulu omwe amafunika kugonekedwa kuchipatala, kuphatikizapo:

• Kuvuta kupuma: Chibayo chingayambitse kulephera kupuma kapena matenda otupa kupuma (ARDS) .
• Kuchulukana kwa madzi m'mapapo (pleural effusion).
• Matenda a bakiteriya m'magazi (Bacteremia) , kapena sepsis:Mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa chibayo amatha kulowa m'magazi mwanu, kufalitsa matendawa ku ziwalo zina ndikuyambitsa sepsis (monga poizoni m'magazi) kapena kulephera kwa ziwalo.
• Chifuwa cha m'mapapo: Chibayo chingayambitse mabowo odzaza mafinya (mafinya) m'mapapo mwanu.

Kodi ndi liti pamene muyenera kugonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha chibayo?

Ngati muli ndi chibayo chachikulu kapena mavuto ena, mungafunike kukhala m'chipatala kuti mukalandire chithandizo. Muli ndi mwayi waukulu woti mugonekedwe m'chipatala chifukwa cha chibayo ngati :

• Palibe vuto ngati muli ndi zaka zosakwana ziwiri kapena kupitirira 65.
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka.
• Ngati muli ndi matenda omwe amakhudza mtima ndi mapapo anu.

Ngati munagonekedwa m'chipatala chifukwa cha chibayo, zingatenge milungu isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi itatu kuti mubwerere mwakale.

Kodi mungapewe bwanji chibayo?

Njira yabwino yopewera chibayo ndikutenga katemera wa mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe nthawi zambiri amayambitsa chibayo. Palinso zizolowezi zathanzi zomwe mungatsatire tsiku ndi tsiku kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga chibayo.

Katemera wa chibayo

Pali mitundu iwiri ya katemera yomwe imateteza chibayo chomwe chimayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Monga katemera wa chimfine, katemerayu sateteza ku mitundu yonse ya chibayo. Koma ngati mutadwala, sizingakhale zoopsa kwambiri.

• Katemera wa Pneumovax23® ndi Prevnar13® amateteza ku mabakiteriya a chibayo. Amalimbikitsidwa kwa magulu ena azaka kapena anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha chibayo. Funsani dokotala wanu katemera woyenera kwa inu kapena okondedwa anu.
• Katemera woteteza mavairasi: Popeza mavairasi ena angayambitse chibayo, kulandira katemera wa COVID-19 ndi chimfine kungachepetse chiopsezo chotenga chibayo.
• Katemera wa ana: Ngati muli ndi ana, funsani dokotala wawo kuti ndi katemera wina uti amene ayenera kulandira. Katemera angapo a ana amathandiza kupewa matenda oyambitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi omwe angayambitse chibayo.

Njira zina zochepetsera chiopsezo cha chibayo

Kuwonjezera pa kulandira katemera, mungachepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga ndi kufalitsa chibayo mwa kutsatira njira izi zaumoyo:

• Siyani kusuta fodya ndipo pewani utsi wa fodya womwe mumagwiritsa ntchito. Kusuta fodya kumawononga mapapo anu ndipo kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga matenda.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino ndi sopo ndi madzi musanadye, musanagwire chakudya, komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi. Ngati sopo palibe, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala oyeretsera m'manja okhala ndi mowa.
• Ngati inu kapena munthu wina ali ndi matenda opatsirana monga malungo, chimfine, kapena COVID-19, pewani kukhudzana nawo kwambiri komanso kugawana zinthu.
• Ngati muyenera kukhala kuchipatala kapena kuchipatala china, musaope kufunsa madokotala anu momwe mungachepetsere chiopsezo chanu chokhala ndi matenda panthawi yomwe muli.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino, chita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo pumulani mokwanira.
• Pezani chithandizo cha matenda ena aliwonse kapena matenda ena aliwonse omwe muli nawo. Matendawa amatha kufooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu ndikuwonjezera chiopsezo chanu chotenga chibayo.
• Pewani kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso.

Kodi ndiyenera kuchita chiyani kuti ndimve bwino ngati ndili ndi chibayo?

Nazi zinthu zina zomwe mungachite kuti mumve bwino mukakhala ndi chibayo:

• Konzani zizindikiro zanu monga momwe dokotala wanu akulangizirani.
• Malizitsani mankhwala onse ndi mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani. Musasiye kumwa maantibayotiki chifukwa choti mukumva bwino. Pitirizani kumwa mpaka mutamaliza mankhwala onse. Ngati simumaliza maantibayotiki onse, chibayo chanu chingabwererenso.
• Ngati dokotala wanu wakupatsani mankhwala ochepetsa malungo omwe simunawagule (aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxen), amwe monga momwe zalembedwera pa chizindikirocho. Musapatse ana aspirin.
• Pumulani bwino.

Chofunika kwambiri, ngati mukumva kuti zizindikiro zanu zikuipiraipira nthawi iliyonse, imbani dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Kodi zizindikiro zosonyeza kuti chibayo chikuchepa ndi ziti?

Mukayamba kuchira ku chibayo, kutentha thupi kwanu kudzakhala koyamba kubwerera mwakale. Pambuyo pake, mungazindikire kuti kuchuluka kwa mamina omwe mumakoka kumachepa. Kumva ngati mungathe kuchita zina mwazochita zanu zachizolowezi ndi chizindikiro chabwino chakuti mukupeza bwino.

Ngati ndili ndi chibayo, ndi liti pamene ndingabwerere kuntchito, kusukulu, kapena kuchita zinthu zachizolowezi?

Ngati zizindikiro zanu zatha, zochepa kapena zikuchepa, ndipo mulibe zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zoipiraipira, nthawi zambiri mutha kubwerera ku zochita zanu zachizolowezi:

• Kupuma movutikira kapena kutopa (kusowa mphamvu).
• Kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Mafinya, malungo, kapena chifuwa.

Ngati muli ndi thanzi labwino, anthu ambiri amamva bwino mokwanira kuti abwererenso ku zochita zawo zakale mkati mwa sabata imodzi. Komabe, zingatenge mwezi umodzi kuti achire bwino.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu, makamaka ngati mukudwala kale, muli ndi vuto linalake la thanzi, kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zatsopano kapena zoipitsitsa zotsatirazi:

• Kuvuta kupuma.
• Malungo kapena chifuwa chophatikizana ndi phlegm.
• Kutopa.
• Sinthani chilakolako (ngati mukumva ngati chilakolako chanu chofuna kudya chili chochepa).

Kodi ndiyenera kupita ku Chipinda cha Zadzidzidzi liti?

Pitani ku chipinda chodzidzimutsa kapena imbani 911 ngati muli ndi chilichonse mwa izi:

• Ngati mukuvutika kupuma kapena mukumva kusowa mpweya ngakhale mutangoyima, palibe vuto.
• Ngati muli ndi ululu watsopano kapena wokulirapo pachifuwa.
• Palibe vuto ngati mwasokonezeka kapena simukuganiza bwino.

Kodi n'zotheka kutenga chibayo popanda malungo?

Inde, ngakhale kuti kutentha thupi ndi chizindikiro chofala cha chibayo, chibayo chingachitike ndi kapena popanda kutentha thupi kochepa. Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri, pazifukwa zina :

• Ngati muli ndi zaka zoposa 65 kapena zosakwana ziwiri (makamaka ana obadwa kumene ndi makanda).
• Ngati chitetezo chanu cha mthupi chili chofooka.

Kodi chibayo chimachiritsidwa mosiyana mwa ana?

Chibayo mwa ana nthawi zambiri sichimachiritsidwa mosiyana. Komabe, ana aang'ono ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chodwala chibayo ndipo nthawi zambiri amagonekedwa m'chipatala kuti akalandire chithandizo kuposa akuluakulu.

Popeza pali zifukwa zambiri komanso zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, chibayo chingaoneke chosokoneza pang'ono. Ndizachibadwa kukhala ndi nkhawa mukamadzifunsa ngati zizindikiro zanu zikusonyeza vuto lalikulu. Malungo aakulu, ziphuphu zofiira kapena zamtundu wamagazi, kupweteka pachifuwa, komanso kupuma movutikira ndi zizindikiro zomwe simuyenera kuzinyalanyaza. Musazengereze kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala ngati thupi lanu likukuuzani kuti pali vuto.

Tiyeni tikumbukire zinthu zofunika kwambiri (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, tiyeni tikukumbutseninso mfundo zofunika kwambiri zomwe takambirana zokhudza chibayo:

• Chibayo ndi matenda a m'mapapo. Chingayambitsidwe ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, kapena, kawirikawiri, bowa.
• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga chifuwa, malungo, kupuma movutikira, kapena kupweteka pachifuwa, musaganize kuti ndi chimfine ndikupita kwa dokotala.
• Makamaka ana aang'ono, okalamba, omwe ali ndi chitetezo chamthupi chofooka, komanso omwe ali ndi matenda ena a m'mapapo/mtima ayenera kuda nkhawa kwambiri ndi chibayo.
• Kulandira katemera, monga katemera wa pneumococcal ndi katemera wa chimfine, kungachepetse chiopsezo cha matenda a chibayo.
• Kupewa kusuta fodya, kusamba m'manja bwino, komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumathandizanso kuteteza ku chibayo.
• Imwani mankhwala omwe dokotala wanu wakupatsani nthawi yake. Ngati ndi maantibayotiki, malizitsani kumwa mankhwala onse, ngakhale mutamva bwino.

Kumbukirani, mumadziwa bwino thanzi lanu. Ngati muwona chilichonse chachilendo kapena chachilendo, funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Musadandaule, chibayo nthawi zambiri chimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chachangu!

Chibayo , matenda a m'mapapo, chifuwa, malungo, kupuma movutikira, zizindikiro za chibayo, chithandizo cha chibayo