Kodi njira yogwiritsira ntchito njira imodzi yokha yatha? Tiyeni tiphunzire za tsogolo la mankhwala (Precision Medicine) m'njira yosavuta!

Tangoganizani kuti inu ndi mnzanu wapamtima muli ndi matenda ofanana, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa magazi. Nonse awiri mukapita kwa dokotala, onse awiri amakupatsani mankhwala ofanana. Koma chodabwitsa n'chakuti, kuthamanga kwa magazi kwa mnzanu kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi mankhwala amenewo popanda zotsatirapo zake. Koma mukatenga mankhwalawo, mumakhala ndi chizungulire, kapena mumakhala ndi zotsatirapo zina, ndipo kuthamanga kwa magazi kwanu sikuyendetsedwa bwino. Chifukwa chiyani zili choncho? Ngakhale kuti ndife anthu awiri, matupi athu ndi osiyana kwambiri mkati, sichoncho? Lingaliro laposachedwa lachipatala lomwe tikukamba lero, lomwe limatchedwa Precision Medicine, likubwera patsogolo ngati yankho la vutoli.

Mwachidule, kodi Precision Medicine ndi chiyani?

Precision Medicine ingamasuliridwe mu Chisinhala ngati "precision medicine". Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kumvetsetsa lingaliro kuposa mawuwo.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chitsanzo chosavuta. Tangoganizani mupita kusitolo kukagula shati. Pali malaya ambiri ofanana kukula, "Ang'onoang'ono", "Apakatikati", "Aakulu". Mumatenga "Yapakati" ndikuyesa. Ikhoza kukhala yothina kwambiri, kapena yayikulu pang'ono, kapena manja ake akhoza kukhala ataliatali kwambiri. Koma mulibe chochita, kotero mumagula. Iyi ndi njira yachikhalidwe "yoyenera onse kukula".

Tsopano tangoganizani kuti mwapita kwa katswiri wosoka zovala wabwino. Amayesa miyeso yanu yonse, monga kutalika kwanu, kulemera kwanu, kutalika kwa mkono wanu, ndi kuzungulira kwa phewa lanu, ndipo amakusokerani shati yomwe ingakukwanireni. Kodi idzakukwanirani bwino komanso mokongola bwanji thupi lanu? Ndicho chimene Precision Medicine imatanthauza.

Pali dzina lina la izi, lomwe ndi "Mankhwala Opangidwa Payekha." Koma mawu akuti Precision Medicine tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito molondola kwambiri.

Kodi izi zikusiyana bwanji ndi njira yachikhalidwe?

Tiyeni tiyerekeze pang'ono kuti timvetse bwino kusiyana pakati pa njira ziwirizi.

Kodi timapeza phindu lotani kuchokera ku Precision Medicine?

Njira yamakono iyi ikukonzekera kusintha kwambiri zamankhwala. Nazi zina mwa zabwino zomwe zingabweretse:

• Mankhwala oyenera inu, pa mlingo woyenera: Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chanu cha majini, dokotala wanu akhoza kudziwa bwino lomwe mankhwala omwe angakugwireni bwino, ndi zotsatirapo zochepa, ndi mlingo woyenera woperekera.
• Kumvetsetsa bwino chifukwa chake matenda amakula: N’chifukwa chiyani matenda ena amapatsirana kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo? N’chifukwa chiyani anthu ena okha ndi omwe amadwala khansa? Chidziwitso cha majini n’chothandiza kwambiri popeza mayankho a mafunso ngati awa.
• Kupewa matenda asanayambe:Ngati kuyezetsa majini anu kukanatha kuneneratu ngati muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima, kapena khansa yamtundu wina mtsogolo, kodi zingakhale bwanji zoyenera kusintha moyo wanu kuti mupewe izi? Precision Medicine ndiyo njira yoyenera.
• Kuzindikira matenda molondola: Nthawi zina, ngakhale zizindikiro zingakhale zofanana, pakhoza kukhala matenda awiri osiyana kwambiri mkati. Mukayesedwa pamlingo wa majini, n'zotheka kuzindikira matenda enieni.

Ndi madera ati omwe akugwiritsa ntchito Precision Medicine kale?

Izi sizinthu zomwe zidzachitike mtsogolomu. Madokotala m'maiko otukuka padziko lonse lapansi akugwiritsa ntchito kale njira imeneyi bwino m'magawo angapo. Tiyeni tiwone zina mwazofunikira.

1. Chithandizo cha Khansa (Precision Oncology)

Iyi ndi njira yayikulu komanso yopambana kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito Precision Medicine mpaka pano. Kale, tinkagawa khansa m'magulu kutengera komwe idayambira. Mwachitsanzo, "khansa ya m'mapapo" kapena "khansa ya m'mawere."

Koma tsopano asayansi apeza kuti ngakhale khansa yomwe imapezeka pamalo amodzi imatha kukhala ndi zala zosiyana za mamolekyulu . Monga momwe zilili ndi zala zathu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu awiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo amatha kukhala ndi kusintha kwa majini (masinthidwe) osiyanasiyana m'maselo awo a khansa.

Kotero, mu Precision Oncology, chitsanzo chaching'ono cha chotupa cha wodwalayo (biopsy) chimatengedwa, ndipo kusintha kwa majini kumafufuzidwa. Kenako, wodwalayo amapatsidwa mankhwala (mankhwala olunjika) omwe amalimbana ndi kusintha kwa majini komweko kokha .

2. Chithandizo cha Khansa

Iyi ndi sitepe ina yodabwitsa yopita patsogolo pochiza khansa. Matupi athu ali ndi gulu lankhondo lomwe limalimbana ndi matenda. Timatcha kuti chitetezo chamthupi . Gulu lankhondoli limatha kuzindikira ndikuwononga maselo osayenera, kutanthauza maselo a khansa, omwe amakula m'matupi athu.

Koma maselo ena a khansa ndi ochenjera kwambiri. Amabisala bwino, ndipo amabisala ku chitetezo cha mthupi lathu.

Chithandizo cha matenda a immunotherapy chimagwira ntchito mwa "kuphunzitsa" chitetezo chathu chamthupi kuzindikira ndi kuukira maselo obisika a khansa. Zili ngati kupatsa asilikali athu njira yatsopano yowunikira adani obisika. Izi zatithandiza kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo cha thupi lathu kuti tilamulire kapena kuchiritsa khansa.

3. Pharmacogenomics

Ngakhale kuti mawuwa angawoneke ovuta pang'ono, lingaliro lake ndi losavuta kwambiri.

Mankhwala = mankhwala (mankhwala)

Genomics = Genetics

Izi zikutanthauza kuphunzira momwe majini anu amayankhira mankhwala omwe mumamwa.

Tonsefe tili ndi majini osiyana pang'ono, kotero mankhwala omwewo amagwira ntchito mosiyana m'thupi lathu.

• Matupi a anthu ena amawonongeka ndi kutulutsa mankhwala mwachangu kwambiri. Kwa iwo, mlingo wamba sungakhale wokwanira.
• Matupi a anthu ena amawononga mankhwalawa pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Kwa iwo, ngakhale mlingo wamba ukhoza kukhala woopsa.

Pharmacogenomics imaphatikizapo kutenga chidziwitso chochepa cha majini anu kudzera mu mayeso osavuta a magazi musanapereke mankhwala, ndikuwona momwe thupi lanu lidzachitire ndi mankhwalawa pasadakhale. Izi zimathandiza dokotala wanu kudziwa mankhwala oyenera komanso mlingo woyenera kwa inu. Izi zingathandize kupewa zotsatira zoyipa zomwe simukuzifuna komanso chithandizo chosagwira ntchito.

4. Matenda Osowa

Pali matenda osowa kwambiri komanso osazolowereka a majini padziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zina madokotala sangathe kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa. Pali mabanja omwe amadwala matendawa atapita kuchipatala kwa zaka zambiri ndikuyesedwa zosiyanasiyana, koma sangathe kudziwa kuti matendawa ndi otani.

Precision Medicine yabweretsa chiyembekezo chachikulu kwa anthu ngati awa. Tsopano n'zotheka kufufuza kapangidwe ka majini a wodwala (Genomic Sequencing) ndikupeza "cholakwika chachilembo" (kusintha kwa majini) mu unyolo wa DNA. Cholakwika chaching'ono chimenecho ndicho chimayambitsa matenda onse. Pamene chifukwa chenicheni cha matendawa chapezeka, zimakhala zosavuta kwa ofufuza kupeza mankhwala ake.

Kodi Precision Medicine idzasintha bwanji miyoyo yathu mtsogolo?

Ukadaulo uwu ukadali waung'ono, koma kuthekera kwake ndi kwakukulu. M'tsogolomu, mukapita kukaonana ndi dokotala, adzakhala ndi chidziwitso cha majini anu pamodzi ndi zotsatira zanu zamagazi nthawi zonse.

• Asanakulembereni mankhwala, dokotalayo amaona lipotilo naganiza kuti, "O... akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la mankhwala awa, choncho timupatsa awa."
• Ngati mukupeza matenda omwe palibe aliyense m'banja mwanu amene ali nawo, mutha kudziwa ngati chifukwa chake ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa chilengedwe, cholakwika pa moyo wanu, kapena kusintha kwa majini.
• Tonse tidzatha kupanga dongosolo la zaumoyo lomwe ndi lapadera kwa ife.

Izi sizilinso nkhani zongopeka za sayansi. Izi ndi tsogolo la zamankhwala. Zitenga nthawi kuti ukadaulo uwu ufike ku Sri Lanka ndikukhala wofala. Koma kale, njira zochiritsira zolunjika ngati izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamlingo winawake kwa odwala ena a khansa mdziko lathu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kudziwa izi.