Kodi mwakhalapo ndi vuto ili ndi mapapo anu? (Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - PAP) Tiyeni tikambirane za izi!

Kodi mukumva kupuma pang'ono? Kapena mukungotopa? Nthawi zina zinthuzi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zachilendo, koma nthawi zina, zimatha kukhala zizindikiro za matenda a m'mapapo. Lero tikambirana za matenda osowa kwambiri koma ofunikira kwambiri a m'mapapo omwe ndi ofunikira kudziwa. Izi zimatchedwa `(Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis)` kapena `(PAP)`. Ngakhale dzinalo lingamveke ngati lovuta pang'ono, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule.

Kodi `(Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - PAP)` ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tiwone chomwe vutoli limatchedwa `(PAP)`. Mwachidule, ndi matenda osowa omwe amapezeka pamene mapuloteni, mafuta, ndi zinthu zina zimasonkhana m'matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya (alveoli) mkati mwa mapapo athu ndikupangitsa kuti atseke. Tangoganizirani, mapapo athu amapangidwa ndi matumba ang'onoang'ono mamiliyoni ambiri a mpweya. Matumba ang'onoang'ono a mpweya awa ndi omwe timawatcha `alveoli` . Tikamapuma, mpweya umalowa m'magazi kudzera m'matumba a mpweya awa.

Kotero, pankhani ya `(PAP)`, matumba a mpweya amenewa amadzazidwa ndi zinthu zosafunikira, monga ngalande yotsekeka, zomwe zimatseka njira yoti mpweya ufike m'magazi. Ndiye chimachitika ndi chiyani? Magazi athu salandira mpweya wokwanira. Izi zingayambitse vuto la kupuma (`dyspnea`) .

Uwu ndi matenda oopsa a m'mapapo. Choncho n'zachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono mukalandira matenda ngati amenewa. Koma musadandaule. Ndi chithandizo choyenera, mutha kuwongolera matendawa ndi zizindikiro zake. Ngati muli ndi `(PAP)`, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonana ndi dokotala wa matenda a m'mapapo kuti akuthandizeni. Iye adzakulangizaninso za kusintha kwa moyo wanu wathanzi komwe mungachite. Izi zingakuthandizeni kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kodi pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda a `(PAP)`?

Inde, pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya matenda a `(PAP). Tiyeni tiwone kuti ndi ati:

1. PAP Yodziteteza Kuthupi: Iyi ndi mtundu wofala kwambiri wa PAP. Pafupifupi 90% ya akuluakulu amadwala mtundu uwu. Chomwe chimachitika apa ndi chakuti chitetezo cha mthupi lathu chimaukira molakwika maselo omwe amathandiza kuti njira zopumira zikhale zoyera. Taganizirani izi ngati chitetezo chathu cholimbana ndi maselo athu.

2. PAP yachiwiri: Mtundu uwu umachitika pamene ntchito ya maselo m'njira zathu zopumira yakhudzidwa, mwina chifukwa cha matenda ena kapena kukhudzana ndi chinthu chapoizoni (monga fumbi, mankhwala). Ndiko kuti, zimachitika pazifukwa zina.

3. Congenital PAP: Ili ndi vuto lomwe limapezeka pobadwa. Nthawi zina zizindikiro zimatha kupezeka pobadwa, kapena zimatha kuwoneka pazaka zosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa majini ena omwe amalamulira magwiridwe antchito a maselo m'mapapu athu. Izi zitha kutengera kuchokera kwa makolo kupita kwa ana.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa a `(PAP)`?

Kawirikawiri, mitundu iwiri yomwe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ``Autoimmune PAP'' ndi ``Secondary PAP''.Kwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 60. Komanso, mitundu iwiriyi imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna . Anthu osuta fodya komanso omwe ali ndi fumbi kapena mankhwala enaake ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matendawa.

Mtundu wotchedwa `(Congenital PAP)` umapezeka kwambiri mwa ana osakwana zaka 10. Komabe, monga tanenera kale, ukhoza kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse.

Kodi matenda a PAP ndi ofala bwanji?

Ndipotu, `(PAP)` ndi matenda osowa kwambiri. Padziko lonse lapansi, matendawa amakhudza anthu pafupifupi 40 mwa anthu atatu miliyoni. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pakhoza kukhala anthu ochepa kwambiri omwe ali ndi matendawa ku Sri Lanka.

N’chifukwa chiyani matenda a `(PAP)` amenewa amapezeka? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Monga tanenera kale, makoma a matumba athu a mpweya (alveoli) ndi opyapyala kwambiri. Ndi kudzera m'makoma opyapyala awa momwe mpweya umadutsa kuchokera m'mapapo kupita m'magazi. Makoma a matumba a mpweya awa mwachibadwa amakhala ndi mafuta otchedwa surfactants . Ma surfactants awa amathandiza kuti matumba a mpweya akhale otseguka popanda kuwatsekereza. Pamenepo ndi pomwe mpweya umatha kulowa mosavuta m'magazi.

Tsopano, m'mapapu mwathu, muli mtundu wapadera wa selo lotchedwa `alveolar macrophages` . Maselo amenewa ali ngati ogwira ntchito yoyeretsa. Chomwe amachita ndi kuchotsa `(surfactants)` nthawi ndi nthawi m'matumba a mpweya, kuti asatseke.

Komabe, chomwe chimachitika mwa munthu amene ali ndi PAP ndichakuti maselo amenewa otchedwa macrophages salandira chizindikiro choti ayeretse makoma a matumba a mpweya bwino. Nanga chimachitika n’chiyani? Ma surfactants amenewo amamanga ndikutseka matumba a mpweya. Monga momwe ngalande yotsekeka mu sinki. Kenako njira yoti mpweya ufike m’magazi imatsekedwa.

Mwachidule, vutoli limayamba chifukwa cha kufooka kwa "njira yotsukira zinyalala" m'mapapo.

Kodi zizindikiro za matenda a `(PAP)` ndi ziti?

Chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chodziwika bwino cha PAP ndi kupuma movutikira (dyspnea) . Ngakhale anthu ambiri amapuma movutikira akamachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ena amatha kukumana ndi vutoli ngakhale atangoyima chilili.

Kuphatikiza apo, pali zizindikiro zina zingapo:

• Kumva kupweteka pachifuwa.
• Chifuwa. Nthawi zina magazi pang'ono amatuluka pamodzi ndi mamina.
• Kusintha kwa mtundu wa buluu wa khungu ndi misomali (cyanosis) (izi zimachitika pamene mpweya m'magazi mulibe wokwanira).
• Kumva kutopa nthawi zonse (kutopa).
• Malungo.
• Matenda opatsirana m'mapapo pafupipafupi.
• Nsonga za zala zimakula ndipo zimakhala ngati ng'oma ('zala zokhala ndi chibonga').
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa zizindikirozi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala.

Kodi matenda a PAP angakhale oopsa?

Pa milandu yoopsa, PAP ingayambitse kulephera kupuma komwe kungawononge moyo.Izi zikutanthauza kuti mapapo sangathe kugwira ntchito yawo bwino. Komabe, mtundu wa matendawa umasiyana malinga ndi munthu. Anthu ena amatha kuchira matendawa popanda chithandizo chilichonse (`kuchira mwadzidzidzi`). Kwa ena, matendawa amakhalabe pamlingo womwewo. Pa milandu yoopsa kwambiri, imfa imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kulephera kupuma kapena matenda ena. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuzindikira matendawa msanga ndikupeza chithandizo.

Kodi matenda a PAP amapezedwa bwanji? Kodi mayeso otani amachitidwa?

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti muli ndi PAP, choyamba adzakuyesani ndikumvetsera mapapu anu. Adzakufunsaninso mafunso okhudza mbiri yanu yachipatala komanso ya banja lanu komanso moyo wanu. Ngati mukusuta fodya kapena muli pamavuto a fumbi kapena mankhwala, onetsetsani kuti mwauza dokotala wanu.

Mayeso otsimikizira PAP angaphatikizepo:

• Kuyezetsa magazi: Yang'anani kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'magazi anu.
• Kuyezetsa magazi kwapadera: Yang'anani chizindikiro chotchedwa `(granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor - GM-CSF) autoantibody`. Izi zimathandiza kupeza chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a `(PAP)`.
• Kuyesa ntchito ya mapapo: Yesani momwe mapapu anu akugwirira ntchito.
• Mayeso ojambulira zithunzi: Izi zikuphatikizapo X-ray pachifuwa kapena CT scan. Izi zingapereke chithunzi chomveka bwino cha momwe mapapo alili.
• Bronchoscopy: Mu izi, chubu chopyapyala (chokhala ndi kamera) chimalowetsedwa kudzera pakamwa kupita m'njira zopumira ndipo mkati mwa mapapo mumafufuzidwa.
• Kufufuza mapapo: Kachidutswa kakang'ono ka minofu kamatengedwa kuchokera m'mapapo kuti kakaunikidwe, kaya panthawi ya bronchoscopy kapena panthawi ya opaleshoni.

Mayeso amenewa ndi omwe amalola madokotala kuzindikira PAP molondola.

Kodi pali mankhwala athunthu a matendawa `(PAP)`?

Pakadali pano, palibe mankhwala a PAP. Koma musadandaule. Pali njira zambiri zochizira matenda zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuchepetsa zizindikiro zanu ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

Kodi matenda a PAP amachiritsidwa bwanji ?

Chithandizo chachikulu komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri cha PAP ndi Whole-Lung Lavage (WLL) . Izi zimatchedwanso "kutsuka mapapo." Taganizirani ngati kutsuka mapapo anu.

Dokotala amagwiritsa ntchito bronchoscope (chubu chopyapyala chokhala ndi kamera) ndi madzi amchere (madzi amchere osayera) kuti achotse mapapo amodzi nthawi imodzi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupuma mosavuta. Izi zitha kutenga maola anayi mpaka asanu. Kutengera ndi kuopsa kwa zizindikiro zanu, mungafunike kumwa WLL miyezi ingapo iliyonse kapena kamodzi pachaka. Komabe, odwala ena a PAP sangafunike WLL. Izi zimadalira kuopsa kwa matenda anu.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani mukachita `(Whole-Lung Lavage - WLL)`?

• Mudzapatsidwa mankhwala oletsa ululu kapena oletsa ululu.
• Dokotala amaika bronchoscope kudzera pakamwa panu kupita mumpweya wanu ndikuilozera mu imodzi mwa mapapo anu.
• Makina amapereka mpweya ku mapapo ena.
• Mumavala jekete logwedezeka mozungulira chifuwa chanu. Kugwedezeka kumeneku kumamasula zinthu zosungunuka zomwe zili m'matumba a mpweya.
• Dokotalayo amaika mankhwala a saline m'mapapo ndipo amawatulutsanso (suctions) pamodzi ndi ma surfactants.
• Nthawi zina mapapu ena amatha kutsukidwa nthawi yomweyo, kapena amatha kutsukidwa kwa masiku angapo.

Kuwonjezera pa chithandizo cha `(WLL)` ichi, palinso njira zina zochizira:

• Mankhwala ochepetsa kutupa kwa mapapo: Mankhwalawa amamasula minofu yozungulira njira zanu zopumira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupuma kwanu kukhale kosavuta.
• Chithandizo chobwezeretsa cha Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF): Izi zimaperekedwa mwa kupuma kudzera mu nebulizer (chipangizo chomwe chimasintha mankhwala amadzimadzi kukhala nthunzi) kapena ngati jakisoni. Chithandizochi chimagwira ntchito mwa kukonza magwiridwe antchito a maselo omwe amayeretsa njira zopumira (macrophages).
• Kuika mapapo: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a PAP komanso kuwonongeka kwa mapapo nthawi zina angafunike kuikidwa mapapo. Mu njira imeneyi, mapapu anu amodzi kapena onse awiri omwe ali ndi matenda amachotsedwa ndikusinthidwa ndi mapapo kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi.
• Plasmapheresis ndi kusinthana kwa plasma: Izi zimaphatikizapo kuchotsa gawo lamadzimadzi m'magazi anu, lotchedwa plasma, ndikuliyika m'malo mwake ndi plasma kuchokera kwa wopereka wathanzi. Kwa anthu omwe ali ndi PAP yodziyimira pawokha, chithandizochi chimathandiza kupewa chitetezo chamthupi kuti chisaukire maselo athanzi.
• Mpweya wowonjezera: Chithandizo cha mpweya chingakuthandizeni kupuma bwino. Chingaperekedwe kudzera mu chigoba pankhope panu kapena chubu chaching'ono chomwe chimayikidwa m'mphuno mwanu.
• Mayeso azachipatala: Mungakhalenso ndi mwayi wochita nawo kafukufuku wa mankhwala atsopano. Lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za izi.

Kodi matenda a PAP angapewedwe?

Monga tafotokozera kale, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya PAP. Choncho, Autoimmune PAP kapena Congenital PAP sizingapeweke chifukwa zimagwirizana ndi njira zamkati mwa thupi lathu.

Komabe, n'zotheka kupewa `(Secondary PAP)` pamlingo winawake. Kodi mungachite bwanji zimenezo? Muyenera kuchepetsa kukhudzana ndi zinthu zoopsa momwe mungathere . Ngati sizingatheke, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chigoba chabwino (`chopumira` kapena chigoba choyenerera bwino) chomwe chimaphimba pakamwa ndi mphuno yanu bwino.

Kodi chiyembekezo cha munthu amene ali ndi PAP ndi chotani?

Mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zonse monga `(Whole-Lung Lavage - WLL)` angakuthandizeni kupuma mosavuta ndikuchepetsa zizindikiro zina. Anthu ochepa amachira ku `(PAP)` popanda chithandizo chilichonse. Komabe, ngati sanalandire chithandizo, matenda aakulu a `(PAP)` angayambitse kulephera kupuma kapena imfa. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kutsatira malangizo a dokotala wanu.

Ngati ndili ndi PAP, ndingachite chiyani ndekha?

Ngati muli ndi PAP, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe mungachite kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino:

• Funsani dokotala wanu za mayesero azachipatala a chithandizo cha PAP.
• Musasute fodya. Komanso, musapume utsi wa fodya wina akamasuta .
• Tsatirani malangizo a dokotala wanu okhudza kulandira jakisoni wa chimfine ndi chibayo.
• Khalani kutali ndi anthu odwala.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Muziyang'anira kulemera kwa thupi lanu.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu bwino mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi, musanadye komanso mutadya.
• Gwirani ntchito ndi dokotala wanu kuti mupange dongosolo lotetezeka lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi lomwe lili loyenera kwa inu.

Kumbukirani, matenda a Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) ndi matenda osowa kwambiri m'mapapo omwe angayambitse kuvutika kupuma ndi zizindikiro zina mwa kutsekeka kwa matumba a mpweya m'mapapo. Komabe, pali njira zingapo zothandiza zomwe zingathandize kuwongolera zotsatira za PAP. Ngati muli ndi vutoli, ganizirani kugwira ntchito ndi gulu la akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Pamodzi, angakuthandizeni kukonza moyo wanu.

Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba (Chinthu Chofunika Kwambiri Chokumbukira)

Chabwino, takambirana zambiri za `(Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis - PAP)`. Ngakhale izi zingawoneke zovuta pang'ono, chinthu chachikulu chomwe muyenera kukumbukira ndichakuti ngakhale kuti iyi ndi matenda osowa, ndikofunikira kuti musachite mantha ndikupeza upangiri woyenera wachipatala ndi chithandizo.

• Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro monga kupuma movutikira, chifuwa chosatha, kapena kutopa pafupipafupi, pitani kwa dokotala.
• Ngati mwapezeka ndi `(PAP)`, funani chithandizo motsogozedwa ndi katswiri wa matenda a m'mapapo .
• Pali mankhwala ochiritsira omwe alipo, choncho musataye mtima. Mankhwala monga `(Whole-Lung Lavage - WLL)` angapereke mpumulo waukulu.
• Kutsatira malangizo a dokotala molondola komanso kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kumathandiza kwambiri poletsa matendawa.

Ngati muli ndi mafunso ena okhudza izi, musazengereze kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Khalani ndi thanzi labwino!

Mapuloteni a Mapapu a M'mapapo, PAP, Matenda a M'mapapo, Kuvuta Kupuma, Alveoli, Ma Surfactants, Kusamba M'mapapo Onse