Tiyeni tingophunzira za 'apolisi' a thupi lathu: Ma cell a T olamulira (Tregs)!

Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo kuti ndi zinthu zingati zodabwitsa zomwe zikuchitika m'thupi lathu? Popanda ife kudziwa, nthawi zonse pamakhala nkhondo yayikulu mkati mwa matupi athu. Nkhondoyi imayendetsedwa ndi chitetezo chathu chamthupi. Ili ngati gulu lankhondo lomwe limateteza dziko lathu. Ntchito ya gulu lankhondo ili ndikupeza ndikuwononga adani monga mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya omwe amachokera kunja. Komabe, nthawi zina gulu lankhondo ili limakhala lankhanza kwambiri ndikuyamba kuukira maselo abwino m'thupi lathu. Nthawi zina ngati izi, pamafunika wina wowongolera gulu lankhondo ili ndikuwapatsa malamulo oyenera, sichoncho? Lero tikambirana za mtundu wapadera wa selo womwe umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Ndi maselo a Regulatory T, kapena Tregs mwachidule.

Mwachidule, kodi maselo a Regulatory T (Tregs) amenewa ndi chiyani?

Ganizirani chitetezo chanu cha mthupi ngati gulu lankhondo logwira ntchito bwino komanso lamphamvu. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya asilikali m'gulu lankhondoli. Pakati pawo, maselo a Regulatory T ali ngati akuluakulu, kapena apolisi, m'gulu lankhondoli. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikulamulira maselo ena (asilikali) a chitetezo cha mthupi kuti asachite zinthu mopitirira muyeso kapena kusokonezeka.

Awa ndi mtundu wa maselo oyera m'thupi lathu. Amayang'anira nthawi zonse momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimagwirira ntchito. Ngati kwinakwake chitetezo cha mthupi chikuchita mopitirira muyeso, kutanthauza kuti ngati chikuyesera kuukira maselo athu, maselo a Tregs awa amalowa ndikuyimitsa njirayi. Ali ngati akunena kuti, "Chabwino, chabwino, zakwana. Imeneyo ndi imodzi mwa maselo athu, musaukire."

Mwachidule, Tregs ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wa selo lomwe limasunga bwino chitetezo chathu cha mthupi, kusankha pakati pa chabwino ndi choipa ndikuchisunga.

Ndiye, kodi 'ma antigen' amenewa ndi chiyani?

Tinati chitetezo cha mthupi ndi gulu lankhondo. Ndiye gulu lankhondoli limamenyana ndi ndani? Limalimbana ndi ma antigen . Ma antigen ndi adani a chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zitha kukhala zinthu zomwe zimavulaza thupi lathu, zinthu zachilendo. Mdani uyu akalowa m'thupi, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimazindikira ndipo chimapanga mapuloteni otchedwa ma antibodies kuti amenyane nawo.

Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ma antigen awa. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili.

Luso lodabwitsa la maselo a Treg ndi kusankha bwino lomwe ma antigen awa kuti aukire ndi omwe asakhudzidwe .

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya Tregs ndi iti?

Ngakhale kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya maselo a Treg awa, ofufuza amawagawa m'magulu awiri akuluakulu, omwe ali ndi ntchito ziwiri.

Kodi maselo a Regulatory T cells amapereka chithandizo chotani ku matupi athu?

Tsopano tikudziwa kuti Tregs ndi akatswiri a chitetezo chamthupi. Amatipatsa ntchito zofunika kwambiri. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

• Amalamulira momwe chitetezo chamthupi chimayankhira: Amatsogolera chitetezo chamthupi kuti chiukire adani akunja ndi maselo a khansa okha, pomwe chili pachiwopsezo.
• Kuteteza thupi lathu: Chofunika kwambiri ndikusiya kuukira maselo athu athanzi. Madokotala amati izi ndi 'kulekerera thupi' . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, timaphunzitsa thupi lathu kulekerera zinthu zake. Umu ndi momwe tingadzitetezere ku matenda odziteteza.
• Amalamulira kutupa: Amathandiza kuletsa kutupa kosafunikira m'thupi komanso kupewa kuwonongeka kwa minofu.
• Zimathandiza pakuika ziwalo: Munthu akalandira chiwalo chatsopano (monga impso kapena mtima), thupi lathu limachiwona ngati chachilendo ndipo limayesetsa kuchikana. Maselo a Tregs amatonthoza chitetezo cha mthupi ndikuchithandiza kulandira chiwalo chatsopanocho.

Kodi maselo odabwitsa amenewa amachokera kuti?

Ma Treg amenewa amapangidwa ndi thymus gland m'thupi lathu. Uwu ndi gland womwe anthu ambiri sanamvepo. Uli kutsogolo kwa chifuwa chathu, pakati pa mapapo awiri, kumbuyo kwa fupa la pachifuwa (sternum).

Thymus gland imapanga mahomoni otchedwa thymosin. Homoni iyi imathandiza maselo a Tregs kukula. Maselo oyera a m'magazi (makamaka ma lymphocytes ) omwe amapangidwa mu fupa lathu akadutsa mu thymus gland, amakhala maselo a T. Maselo a T awa akakhwima, amapita ku ma lymph nodes ndikukonzekera kugwira ntchito.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri ndichakuti thymus gland imapanga maselo a T okha mpaka titakula. Pambuyo pake, glandyo imachepa pang'onopang'ono ndipo imalowedwa m'malo ndi mafuta.

Kodi Tregs ndi yothandiza pa matenda ena?

Inde, ndithudi! Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mitu yodziwika bwino kwambiri pankhani ya zamankhwala pakadali pano. Ofufuza tsopano akuyesera kuona ngati maselo a Tregs awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Makamaka ziwengo, khansa, ndi matenda odziteteza ku matenda enaake.

Amakhulupirira kuti powonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo a Tregs m'thupi, zidzakhala zotheka kuwongolera ntchito yosafunikira ya chitetezo chamthupi. Kudzera mu izi, zidzakhala zotheka kuwongolera kapena kuchiritsa matenda otsatirawa mtsogolo.

• Lupus
• Matenda a Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
• Chithokomiro
• Matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba
• Matenda a nyamakazi
• Matenda a m'matumbo

Kodi tingatani kuti maselo athu a Tregs akhale athanzi?

M'manja mwathu muli kusunga maselo amtengo wapatali awa omwe amasunga chitetezo chathu chamthupi chili bwino. Sitiyenera kuchita chilichonse chapadera kuti tichite zimenezo. Chofunika kwambiri ndikutsatira moyo wosalira zambiri komanso wathanzi.

• Chepetsani kumwa mowa: Ngati mumamwa mowa, chitani izi pang'onopang'ono.
• Idyani zakudya zabwino zopatsa thanzi: Idyani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi masamba ambiri.
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse: Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi amphamvu kwa mphindi zosachepera 30 patsiku.
• Gonani mokwanira: Kugona bwino kwa maola 7-8 patsiku ndikofunikira.
• Khalani ndi kulemera koyenera: Kusunga kulemera koyenera malinga ndi kutalika kwanu kumakuthandizani kuteteza ku matenda ambiri.
• Kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo: Sungani bwino maganizo anu kudzera mu zinthu monga yoga ndi kusinkhasinkha.
• Pewani kusuta: Ngati mukusuta, siyani lero.
• Katemerani pa nthawi yake: Kulandira katemera wofunikira kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi.
• Sambani m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi: Njira yabwino yopewera majeremusi ndi kusamba m'manja mwanu pafupipafupi.

Kodi ndingafunse dokotala wanga kuti andipatse chithandizo cha Tregs?

Funso limene anthu ambiri ali nalo ndi ili. Pakadali pano, mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito maselo a Treg sapezeka m'zipatala kapena m'zipatala wamba. Mankhwalawa akadali mu gawo lofufuza (mayesero azachipatala).

Ofufuza akupitilizabe kupeza njira zowonjezerera maselo a Treg m'thupi mosamala komanso moyenera. Nazi njira zina zomwe akuziphunzira:

• Mitundu ya mankhwala
• Katemera
• Chithandizo cha maselo: Kusintha maselo a Treg kunja kwa thupi ndikubwezeretsanso m'thupi
• Kusamutsa ndowe

Kotero, izi zitha kukhala mankhwala ofunika kwambiri omwe tingayembekezere mtsogolo.