Kodi pali chotupa m'thupi? Kodi chikupweteka mafupa anu? Kodi ndi sarcoma? Tiyeni tipeze!

Kodi mwawona chotupa chatsopano pathupi lanu chomwe sichimapweteka, koma chimakuopsani pang'ono? Kapena mwakhala mukumva kupweteka m'manja kapena miyendo yanu popanda chifukwa chomveka kwa nthawi yayitali? Nthawi zina sitisamala kwambiri zinthuzi, koma nthawi zina, izi zitha kukhala zizindikiro za khansa yotchedwa 'Sarcoma' . Anthu ambiri amada nkhawa pang'ono akamva dzinali, chifukwa ndi losowa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, lero tikambirana za Sarcoma, tanthauzo lake, momwe limakulira, zizindikiro zake ndi ziti, komanso ngati pali chithandizo, m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Kodi Sarcoma ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, Sarcoma ndi chotupa choipa, chomwe ndi khansa, chomwe chimayamba m'mafupa kapena minofu yofewa ya thupi lathu. Tsopano mwina mukudabwa kuti minofu yofewa iyi ndi ya chiyani. Minofu yofewa ndi zinthu zomwe zimathandiza ziwalo zina m'thupi lathu. Mwachitsanzo:

• Minofu (mnofu)
• Mafuta
• Minofu (minofu yomwe imagwirizanitsa minofu ndi mafupa)
• Cartilage (minofu yofewa yomwe imapezeka m'malo monga mafupa)
• Mitsempha (minofu yomwe imagwirizanitsa mafupa)
• Mitsempha ya magazi (mitsempha ya magazi)
• Mitsempha

Mtundu uwu wa khansa wotchedwa sarcoma ndi wosowa kwambiri. Tikatenga kuchuluka kwa khansa zomwe zimachitika mwa akuluakulu, sarcoma ndi yochepa, pafupifupi 1%. Komabe, pafupifupi 15% ya khansa zomwe zimachitika mwa ana zimatha kukhala sarcoma. M'dziko ngati America, milandu yatsopano pafupifupi 16,000 ya sarcoma imanenedwa chaka chilichonse. Mwa izi, pafupifupi 4,000 ndi sarcoma zomwe zimachitika m'mafupa, ndipo pafupifupi 13,000 ndi sarcoma zomwe zimachitika m'minofu yofewa.

Kodi sarcoma imapezeka kuti nthawi zambiri?

Tangoganizani, sarcoma iyi imatha kufalikira kulikonse m'thupi lathu, kuyambira mutu mpaka zala. Komabe, pali malo ochepa omwe imapezeka kwambiri:

• Pafupifupi 40 peresenti (40%) mwa izo zimapezeka m'mapazi athu (miyendo, akakolo, mapazi).
• Pafupifupi 15 peresenti (15%) amagwira ntchito m'manja (mapewa, manja, zikhatho, ndi zala).
• Pafupifupi 30 peresenti (30%) ali m'malo monga thupi lathu, chifuwa, mimba, ndi chiuno.
• Pafupifupi khumi ndi zisanu pa zana (15%) zimakhudza mutu ndi khosi.

Kodi mitundu ya sarcoma ndi iti?

Sarcoma si mtundu umodzi wokha. Ndi mawu ambiri a gulu lalikulu la khansa zomwe zimayamba m'mafupa ndi minofu yofewa. Ndipotu, mitundu yoposa 70 ya sarcoma yapezeka. Ndi yovuta kwambiri, sichoncho? Tiyeni tiwone mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu.

1. Mafupa a Sarcoma

Iyi ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mwachindunji m'mafupa (`primary bone sarcoma`). Kuposa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mtundu uwu wa sarcoma amapezeka mwa anthu osakwana zaka 35. Itha kuwonekanso mwa ana.

Mitundu ina ikuluikulu ya mafupa a sarcoma ndi:

• Matenda a Osteosarcoma(Uwu ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri)
• Chondrosarcoma
• Chordoma
• Ewing's sarcoma
• Fibrosarcoma

Chofunika: Si khansa zonse zomwe zimakula m'mafupa zomwe ndi sarcoma ya mafupa. Nthawi zina, maselo a khansa omwe ayambira kwina m'thupi (monga mapapo, mawere, kapena chithokomiro) amatha kuyenda m'magazi ndikufalikira mpaka kumafupa. Izi zimatchedwa khansa ya mafupa yofalikira . Izi ndi zosiyana ndi khansa ya mafupa yoyamba.

2. Ma Sarcoma a Minofu Yofewa

Izi zimayambira mu minofu yathu kapena minofu ina yolumikizana m'thupi. Mosiyana ndi mafupa a sarcoma, minofu yofewa ya sarcoma imapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu. Komabe, mitundu ina, monga rhabdomyosarcoma, imapezeka kwambiri mwa ana.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya sarcoma ya minofu yofewa:

• Angiosarcoma
• Zotupa zazing'ono zozungulira za Desmoplastic
• Chotupa cha m'mimba (GIST)
• Leiomyosarcoma
• Liposarcoma
• Chotupa cha mitsempha yowopsa ya m'mphepete mwa mitsempha
• Malignant schwannoma
• Myxofibrosarcoma
• Synovial sarcoma
• Sarcoma ya pleomorphic yosasinthika

Taonani mitundu ingati yomwe ilipo! Mtundu ndi njira zochiritsira za chilichonse mwa izi zitha kukhala zosiyana pang'ono.

Ndani ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a sarcoma?

Sarcoma imatha kukhudza ana ndi akuluakulu. Sarcoma yofewa ya minofu imapezeka kwambiri mwa akuluakulu. Komano, sarcoma ya mafupa imapezeka kwambiri mwa ana, achinyamata, komanso anthu azaka zopitirira 65. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti sarcoma ya mafupa imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna komanso mwa anthu akuda kapena a ku Spain.

N’chifukwa chiyani sarcoma iyi imayamba? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Vuto lenileni ndi limene anthu ambiri ali nalo. Sarcoma imayamba pamene kusintha kwina kwa majini (DNA) kumachitika m'maselo a mafupa osakhwima kapena maselo ofewa m'thupi lathu, ndipo maselo amenewo amakhala maselo a khansa. Kenako maselo a khansa amenewa amayamba kugawikana mofulumira komanso mosalamulirika. Pamapeto pake, maselo amenewa amalumikizana kuti apange chotupa. Chotupachi chimakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo chimatha kuwononga ndi kuukira minofu yathanzi yozungulira.

Ngati izi sizikuchiritsidwa bwino, maselo a khansa amatha kufalikira kudzera m'magazi kapena m'mitsempha yathu yamagazi.Khansa imatha kupita kumadera akutali a thupi ndikuyambitsa zotupa zatsopano. Izi zimatchedwa metastasis , kapena kufalikira kwa khansa. Kuchiza khansa zomwe zafalikira motere ndizovuta kwambiri.

Monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu ina ya khansa, ofufuza sanapezebe chifukwa chenicheni chomwe selo lathanzi limasanduka mwadzidzidzi selo la sarcoma.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a sarcoma?

Ngakhale kuti palibe chifukwa chodziwikiratu, zinthu zina zomwe zingakulitse chiopsezo cha matenda a sarcoma zapezeka.

• Kukhudzana ndi mankhwala ena: Kukhudzana ndi zinthu monga arsenic kwa nthawi yayitali, mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki (monga vinyl chloride monomer), mankhwala ophera udzu (monga phenoxyacetic acid), ndi zotetezera zamatabwa (monga chlorophenols).
• Kulandira kuwala kwa dzuwa: Kukumana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kochuluka ngati chithandizo cha khansa ina.
• Lymphedema: Kutupa kwa manja kapena miyendo kwa nthawi yayitali.
• Matenda ena a majini: Matenda ena a majini ndi kusintha kwa ma chromosome amabadwa nawo. Zitsanzo ndi monga Gardner syndrome, Werner syndrome, von Hippel-Lindau disease, Gorlin syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, retinoblastoma, ndi neurofibromatosis type 1. Izi ndi matenda osowa kwambiri.

Kukhala ndi zinthu zoopsazi sikutanthauza kuti mudzakhala ndi sarcoma. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuzidziwa.

Kodi zizindikiro za Sarcoma ndi ziti? Kodi mumazindikira bwanji?

Zizindikiro za sarcoma zimasiyana kwambiri kutengera komwe khansa ili. Mwachitsanzo, ma sarcoma ena sangasonyeze zizindikiro poyamba. Ena angamve ngati chotupa chopanda ululu pansi pa khungu. Komabe, ululu umayamba pokhapokha chotupacho chikakula ndikukankhira mitsempha ndi ziwalo zapafupi.

Kumbali ina, ma sarcoma ena angayambitse ululu wokhalitsa komanso kutupa m'mafupa a mkono kapena mwendo . Ululu uwu ukhoza kukhala woopsa kwambiri usiku . Izi zingapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kusuntha mkono kapena mwendo wanu ndikuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.

Zizindikiro zina zodziwika bwino zomwe zingawonekere ndi izi:

• Chotupa chatsopano kapena kutupa (izi zitha kukhala zopweteka kapena ayi).
• Kupweteka kosamveka bwino m'dzanja, mwendo, m'mimba, kapena m'chiuno.
• Kuvuta kusuntha mkono kapena mwendo (monga kupunduka, kusuntha pang'ono).
• Kuchepetsa thupi popanda chifukwa.
• Kupweteka kwa msana (makamaka ngati khansa ili m'msana).

Kumbukirani kuti zizindikirozi zitha kuwonekanso m'matenda ena ambiri. Choncho, musaope kuganiza kuti ndi sarcoma chifukwa chakuti muli ndi chizindikiro chonga ichi. Komabe, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala ndikupeza upangiri.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji matenda a sarcoma molondola? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati muli ndi zizindikiro ngati izi, dokotala wanu adzakufunsani kaye za zizindikiro zanu ndikukuyesani thupi. Kenako, adzafunika kuchita mayeso apadera kuti atsimikizire ngati muli ndi sarcoma komanso mtundu wake. Mayeso ofunikira kwambiri ndi biopsy.

Kujambula minofu yaing'ono kuchokera ku chotupacho ndikuchitumiza ku labu. Kumeneko, katswiri wotchedwa pathologist amafufuza minofuyo pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti aone ngati ili ndi maselo a khansa, ndipo ngati ndi choncho, ndi mtundu wa sarcoma wotani. Izi zikuthandizani kudziwa chithandizo chabwino kwambiri kwa inu.

Mayeso ena ndi awa:

• X-ray: Izi zitha kujambula zithunzi za mafupa ndi minofu yofewa.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan): Izi zimatenga ma X-ray angapo ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mkati mwa thupi muwoneke bwino.
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito maginito akuluakulu, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kuti ziwonetse bwino komanso mwatsatanetsatane mkati mwa thupi. Ngati chinthu chachilendo chikuwoneka pa X-ray, mungapemphedwe kuti muyesedwe ndi MRI.
• Kujambula mafupa: Pa izi, zinthu zochepa zowononga mafupa zimalowetsedwa m'thupi kuti zithandize kuzindikira zolakwika m'mafupa (monga sarcoma ya mafupa).
• Kujambula kwa PET (Positron Emission Tomography scan): Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wapadera wa shuga. Chifukwa chakuti maselo ogawa mofulumira, monga maselo a khansa, amagwiritsa ntchito shuga wambiri, kujambulidwa kumeneku kungasonyeze madera ena m'thupi omwe shuga imakhala yokwera kwambiri (komwe kungakhale zotupa).

Kodi magawo a sarcoma amadziwikiratu bwanji?

Kudziwa siteji ya khansa n'kofunika kwambiri. Zimathandiza kumvetsetsa kuopsa kwa khansa ndi njira zabwino kwambiri zochiritsira. Ma sarcoma ambiri amagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi dongosolo la TNM classification :

• T (Chotupa): Izi zikutanthauza kukula ndi malo a chotupa chachikulu cha khansa.
• N (Ma Node): Izi zikutanthauza ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph node apafupi .
• M (Metastasis): Izi zikutanthauza ngati khansa yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina zakutali m'thupi.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amaika chizindikiro cha khansa (Giredi - G).Izi zikutanthauza momwe maselo a khansa alili ofanana kapena osiyana ndi maselo abwinobwino. Kawirikawiri, maselo a khansa akamafanana kwambiri ndi maselo abwinobwino, ndiye kuti zizindikiro zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chonsechi, madokotala amazindikira siteji ya sarcoma (nambala kuyambira 1 mpaka 4). Chiwerengerocho chikakhala chachikulu, khansa imakula kwambiri m'deralo kapena yafalikira mthupi lonse.

Njira zodziwira siteji zingakhale zosiyana pang'ono pa mtundu uliwonse wa sarcoma. Chifukwa chake, lankhulani ndi dokotala wanu za siteji ya khansa yanu komanso momwe ingakhudzire chithandizo chanu komanso kuchira kwanu mtsogolo.

Kodi mankhwala a Sarcoma ndi ati?

Pochiza sarcoma, si dokotala mmodzi yekha, koma gulu la akatswiri omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Gululi likhoza kuphatikizapo madokotala ochita opaleshoni, akatswiri a radiology, akatswiri a majini, akatswiri a khansa yachipatala, akatswiri a khansa ya radiation, akatswiri a matenda, madokotala a ana (a khansa ya ana), akatswiri a zamaganizo, ndi ogwira ntchito zachitukuko.

Chithandizo chomwe mudzalandira chidzadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo:

• Mtundu wa Sarcoma.
• Kukula ndi malo a chotupacho.
• Thanzi lanu lonse.
• Kaya sarcoma yangopezeka kumene kapena yayamba kale kudwala ndi kubwerera (yomwe imabwereranso).

Zina mwa njira zazikulu zochizira ndi izi:

1. Opaleshoni

Pankhaniyi, madokotala amayesa kuchotsa maselo onse a khansa pamene akusunga minofu yambiri yathanzi momwe angathere. Chotupacho chimachotsedwa ndi mpata woipa wa minofu yathanzi yozungulira chotupacho (`kuchotsa malo onse`). Izi zimayesa kuchotsa maselo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a khansa osasiyapo chilichonse.

Nthawi zina, malo okhudzidwawo ayenera kumangidwanso. Pa opaleshoni yopulumutsa ziwalo, chotupacho chimachotsedwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, cholumikiziracho chimamangidwanso ndi zitsulo zina. Nthawi zina, fupa kuchokera ku gawo lina la thupi kapena graft ina ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa fupa lochotsedwalo. Komabe, nthawi zina, njira yabwino komanso yotetezeka ndiyo kuchotsa mwendo wokhudzidwawo (kudula). Ichi ndi chisankho chovuta kwambiri.

2. Chithandizo cha Radiation

Mu izi, ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga maselo a khansa. Cholinga chake ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo athanzi. Chithandizo cha radiation chingaperekedwe mkati (kuyikidwa mkati mwa thupi) kapena kunja (kuchokera kunja kwa thupi ndi makina). Ukadaulo wapamwamba wamakono umalola kuwala kwa radiation kulunjika bwino pa khansa, ndikusunga minofu yathanzi yozungulira.

Chithandizo cha radiation chomwe chimaperekedwa mkati , chomwe chimatchedwanso brachytherapy , chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa sarcomas zomwe sizinafalikire. Chingaperekedwe panthawi ya opaleshoni (intra-operative radiotherapy) kapena kudzera mu machubu apulasitiki (catheters) pambuyo pa opaleshoni (interstitial brachytherapy).

Chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati khansa yafalikira (matenda ofalikira).

3. Mankhwala a Chemotherapy

Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amapha maselo a khansa omwe amagawanitsa mofulumira kapena kuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Mankhwalawa amatha kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha kapena ngati mapiritsi otengedwa ndi pakamwa. Amaperekedwa kuti achepetse chotupacho musanachite opaleshoni kapena kupha maselo ena otsala a khansa pambuyo pa opaleshoni. Nthawi zina, chemotherapy imaperekedwa pamodzi ndi chithandizo cha radiation.

4. Chithandizo Cholunjika

Uwu ndi mankhwala enieni. Umagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amalimbana ndi zofooka zinazake m'maselo a khansa popanda kuvulaza maselo athanzi. Komabe, mankhwalawa amangogwira ntchito pa mitundu ya maselo a khansa omwe ali ndi zofookazo. Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni ngati mankhwala amodzi kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena.

5. Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy / Biologic Therapy

Izi zimaphatikizapo kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu , kuthandizira kuzindikira ndikulimbana ndi maselo a khansa. Maselo a khansa amatha kubisala ku chitetezo chathu cha mthupi, kapena kuchiletsa kugwira ntchito. Ichi ndichifukwa chake maselo a khansa amakula mkati mwa thupi. Chithandizo cha immunotherapy chimagwira ntchito poletsa njira zodzitetezera za maselo a khansa ndikuthandiza thupi lathu kulimbana ndi khansa yokha.

6. Kuchotsa Kutentha

Nthawi zina, ma sarcoma amatha kuwonongedwa powatenthetsa kapena kuwaziziritsa . Izi zimachitika ndi katswiri wa radiology, yemwe amagwiritsa ntchito scan (monga CT scan) kuti apeze bwino chotupa ndikuyika chida chapadera (probe).

7. Chisamaliro Chochepetsa Kupweteka kwa Thupi

Iyi si njira yochiritsira khansa. Koma ndi yofunika kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yapadera yochizira matenda oopsa monga khansa. Gulu lothandizira odwala ovutika maganizo limaphatikizapo madokotala, anamwino, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, ndi akatswiri azakudya. Amagwira ntchito yochepetsa zizindikiro komanso kuthana ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa za chithandizo.Gululi limakuthandizaninso kuthana ndi nkhawa ndi mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda a khansa komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino.

8. Mayeso azachipatala

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeninso kuti mutenge nawo mbali mu mayeso azachipatala . Awa ndi maphunziro omwe amayesa chitetezo ndi kugwira ntchito kwa mankhwala atsopano a khansa. Mankhwala atsopano a sarcoma nthawi zonse amakhala mu gawo lofufuza. Kutengera ndi matenda anu, mtundu uwu wa mayeso ukhoza kukhala njira yabwino kwa inu.

Kodi moyo uli bwanji ndi Sarcoma? (Chiwerengero cha Kupulumuka)

Funso limene anthu ambiri amafunsa ndi ili. Mu sarcoma yofewa ya minofu, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa zaka zisanu ndi pafupifupi 81% ngati khansayo sinafalikire mbali zina za thupi (yomwe yafalikira). Komabe, mu khansa yofalikira, chiwerengerochi ndi pafupifupi 15%. Mu osteosarcoma, mtundu wofala kwambiri wa sarcoma ya mafupa, kuchuluka kwa moyo wa zaka zisanu ndi pafupifupi 77% ngati khansayo sinafalikire, ndipo mu khansa yofalikira, ndi pafupifupi 26%.

Komabe, musagwiritse ntchito zizindikiro zanu pa ziwerengerozi zokha. Zotsatira zanu zidzadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa sarcoma yomwe muli nayo, komwe ili, thanzi lanu lonse, komanso momwe mumachitira mukalandira chithandizo. Dokotala wanu ndiye munthu wabwino kwambiri wodziwa bwino za vuto lanu.

Kodi nthawi zabwino zokaonana ndi dokotala ndi ziti?

Ngati muli ndi chotupa chatsopano - kaya chikupweteka kapena ayi - makamaka ngati ndi chachikulu ngati mpira wa gofu (pafupifupi masentimita 5), ​​pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Komanso, ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi kupweteka kwa mafupa popanda kuvulala kulikonse , ndipo sikuchira kokha, funsani upangiri kwa dokotala.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Sarcoma si khansa yamtundu umodzi. Ndi gulu la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zotupa zomwe zingayambike m'mafupa athu kapena minofu yofewa. Zizindikiro zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe chotupacho chili. Ngati mwapezeka ndi sarcoma, kumbukirani kuti njira zomwe mungachiritsire komanso momwe matendawa adzachitikire mtsogolo zimadalira zinthu zambiri. Dokotala wanu akhoza kukufotokozerani zonsezi.

Musachite mantha, koma samalani. Ngati muwona china chake chachilendo, lankhulani ndi dokotala za icho. Chikapezeka msanga, chithandizocho chidzakhala chopambana.

Sarcoma , khansa, khansa ya m'mafupa, khansa ya minofu yofewa, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa, Sarcoma