Chiwopsezo chobadwa nacho cha khansa ya m'matumbo (HNPCC) - tiyeni tikambirane za izi

Kodi mwamvapo kuti anthu angapo m'banja mwanu adwala khansa ya m'matumbo, makamaka asanakwanitse zaka 50? Kapena kodi pali kuchuluka kwa khansa ya m'chiberekero pakati pa akazi m'banja mwanu? Ndizachibadwa kumva mantha pang'ono komanso nkhawa tikamva zinthu ngati izi. Koma ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuopa kudziwa izi. Lero tikambirana za vuto lapadera la khansa lomwe lingaperekedwe kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Timatcha HNPCC.

Kodi HNPCC ndi chiyani kwenikweni?

Mwachidule, HNPCC ndi chidule cha Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer . Mu Chisinhala, limatanthauza chinthu chonga "Heriditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer." Koma mawu amenewo ndi ovuta kwambiri, sichoncho? Choncho tiyeni tikumbukire kuti ndi HNPCC.

Ichi ndi chiopsezo cha khansa chomwe chingachokere ku mibadwomibadwo chifukwa cha kusintha kwina (kusintha kwa majini) m'majini athu. Izi zimakhudza kwambiri matumbo akuluakulu, omwe ndi gawo lomaliza la matumbo anu. Koma dzina lakuti "Nonpolyposis" limatanthauza "non-polyposis". Chifukwa cha izi ndikuti, nthawi zambiri, zotupa zazing'ono zotchedwa "polyps" zimapangidwa m'matumbo khansa ya m'matumbo isanayambe. Komabe, munthu amene ali ndi HNPCC samakhala ndi ma polyps ambiri otere, koma amakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa.

Kodi Lynch syndrome ndi HNPCC?

Inde, mayina awiriwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa vuto lomwelo. Koma pali kusiyana pang'ono kwaukadaulo. Matenda a Lynch ndi matenda a majini omwe amachititsa izi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, ngati munthu ali ndi kusintha kwa majini kogwirizana ndi matenda a Lynch, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a khansa otchedwa HNPCC.

Kawirikawiri, ngati munthu wosakwana zaka 50 ali ndi khansa yokhudzana ndi matenda a Lynch, monga khansa ya m'matumbo akulu, khansa ya endometrial, khansa ya m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, kapena khansa ya m'chiberekero, banjali limanenedwa kuti lili ndi vuto lotchedwa HNPCC. Khansa zimenezi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kumanja kwa matumbo akuluakulu.

Kodi vutoli ndi lofala bwanji? Kodi zizindikiro zake ndi ziti?

Matenda a HNPCC ndi omwe amachititsa 2% mpaka 4% ya khansa yonse ya m'matumbo padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti pafupifupi khansa ziwiri mpaka zinayi mwa khansa 100 zilizonse za m'matumbo zimayambitsidwa ndi majini awa. Ngakhale kuti zingakhudze aliyense, nthawi zambiri zimapezeka mwa anthu osakwana zaka 50.

Poyamba, HNPCC nthawi zambiri siimayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Ndilo gawo loopsa kwambiri. Koma khansa ikakula, mungayambe kukumana ndi zizindikiro ngati izi.

N’chifukwa chiyani matenda a HNPCC amakula? Kodi amapatsirana?

Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi majini athu. Tangoganizani kuti thupi lathu lili ngati buku lalikulu, ndipo majini ndi malangizo olembedwa m'buku limenelo. Selo lililonse m'thupi lathu limagwira ntchito motsatira malangizo awa. Nthawi zina, pamakhala zolakwika za kalembedwe (kusintha) m'malangizo awa.

Matupi athu nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi majini apadera omwe amatha kuzindikira ndikukonza zolakwikazi. Monga munthu amene amawerenga buku molakwika. Mu matenda a Lynch, awa ndi MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2, ndi EPCAM.Majini otchedwa "okonza" akayamba kukhala ndi vuto, sangathe kukonza zolakwika zina pamene maselo akugawikana. Pakapita nthawi, maselo olakwikawa amakhala ndi mwayi wodziunjikirana ndikukhala maselo a khansa.

Iyi si matenda opatsirana. Simungaipeze mwa kudya chakudya kapena kukhala ndi munthu amene ali ndi HNPCC. Komabe, kusintha kwa majini komwe kumayambitsa matendawa kumatha kufalikira kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo. Tangoganizirani kuti mayi kapena bambo ali ndi kusintha kwa majini kumeneku. Ndiye pali mwayi wa 50% kuti mmodzi mwa ana awo adzalandira jini imeneyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati pali ana awiri, mmodzi wa iwo akhoza kulandira jini iyi yoopsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu angapo m'mabanja oterewa amadwala khansa.

Kodi dokotala amazindikira bwanji matenda a HNPCC?

Mukapita kwa dokotala yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zomwe mwatchula pamwambapa, chinthu choyamba chomwe angachite ndikumvetsera mosamala zizindikiro zanu ndikufufuza thupi. Kenako, adzakufunsani mafunso ambiri okhudza mbiri yachipatala ya banja lanu.

• "Kodi amayi anu, abambo anu, abale anu ali ndi khansa?"
• "Ngati ndi choncho, khansa yamtundu wanji? Inayamba pa msinkhu wanji?"
• "Ndi anthu angati m'banja mwanu omwe adadwalapo khansa?"

Mafunso awa ndi ofunikira kwambiri chifukwa ngati achibale angapo adadwala khansa ya m'matumbo kapena chiberekero, makamaka ali aang'ono, dokotala angaganize kuti ali ndi HNPCC.

Kenako, mayeso akuluakulu otsimikizira ngati muli ndi khansa ya m'matumbo ndi colonoscopy . Izi zimaphatikizapo kufufuza m'matumbo anu onse pogwiritsa ntchito chubu chokhala ndi kamera kakang'ono. Ngati pali chilichonse chokayikitsa, chidutswa chaching'ono cha minofu chimatengedwa ndikutumizidwa ku labu kuti chikayesedwe (biopsy).

Kuti mutsimikizire momwe HNPCC ilili, mayeso angapo apadera amafunika:

1. Kuyezetsa Majini: Chitsanzo cha magazi anu chimatengedwa ndikuyesedwa ngati pali kusintha kwa majini komwe kumakhudzana ndi matenda a Lynch.

2. Kuyesa minofu ya chotupa: Ngati pali khansa, maselo a khansa amayesedwa zizindikiro zinazake zokhudzana ndi HNPCC.

3. Kuchotsa matenda ena: Pali vuto lina lobadwa nalo lotchedwa Familyal Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) . Mu FAP, ma polyps mazana kapena zikwi amakula m'matumbo. Izi sizimachitika mu HNPCC. Chifukwa chake, dokotala wanu adzafufuza kuti aone matenda awiriwa omwe muli nawo.

Kodi mankhwala a HNPCC ndi ati?

Ngati khansa ya m'matumbo imayamba chifukwa cha HNPCC, chithandizo chachikulu ndi opaleshoni yochotsa khansa ndi minofu yozungulira. Opaleshoni iyi imatchedwa colectomy . Itha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

• Kuchotsa Khansa Yochepa: Gawo la m'matumbo momwe khansa ilili ndi lomwe limachotsedwa.
• Kuchotsa Mimba Yonse:M'mimba wonse umachotsedwa. Opaleshoni iyi nthawi zambiri imalimbikitsidwa kwa munthu amene ali ndi HNPCC kuti achepetse chiopsezo chotenga khansa ina mtsogolo.
• Kuchotsa matumbo: Kuchotsa matumbo a rectum pamodzi ndi matumbo akuluakulu.

Mankhwala ena

Ngati khansa yafalikira (yafalikira) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, chithandizo china chingafunike kuwonjezera pa opaleshoni.

• Chemotherapy: Kupereka mankhwala amphamvu owononga maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lathu kuti chilimbane ndi maselo a khansa. Chithandizochi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopambana pa khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi HNPCC.

Zinthu zomwe munthu amene ali ndi HNPCC ayenera kudziwa

Ngati mwapezeka ndi matenda a HNPCC, zikutanthauza kuti muli pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuposa munthu wamba chotenga khansa ya m'matumbo, komanso mitundu ina yambiri ya khansa. Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa nthawi zonse kwa dokotala kuyenera kukhala gawo la moyo wanu.

Dokotala wanu angakulangizeni kuti muyezedwe khansa nthawi zonse:

• Chiberekero
• Chiberekero cha mazira
• Mimba
• Impso ndi dongosolo la mkodzo
• Ubongo
• Khungu

Izi zitha kumveka zoopsa. Koma chinthu chabwino kwambiri apa ndikuzindikira msanga . Ndi kuyezetsa pafupipafupi, ngakhale khansa itayamba kukula, imatha kupezeka msanga. Kenako mwayi woti munthu alandire chithandizo ndikuchira kwathunthu ndi wokwera kwambiri.

Matenda a Lynch sangachiritsidwe, chifukwa ndi chinthu chomwe chili m'majini athu. Komabe, khansa yoyambitsidwa ndi HNPCC imatha kuchiritsidwa. Opaleshoni monga kuchotsa ziwalo zonse za m'matumbo ingatetezenso khansa ya m'matumbo.

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthana ndi chiopsezo changa?

Ngati muli ndi mbiri ya banja lanu ya matenda a HNPCC kapena Lynch syndrome, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikulankhula ndi dokotala wanu za vutoli. Iye ndiye adzasankha ngati muyenera kuyesedwa majini.

Ngati mwatsimikiziridwa kuti muli ndi matenda a Lynch syndrome gene mutation, dokotala wanu mwina angakulangizeni kuti muyambe kuyezetsa khansa ya m'matumbo, monga colonoscopy, muli ndi zaka 20.

Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu cha khansa mwa kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi:

• Pewani kusuta fodya kotheratu.
• Idyani zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso zopatsa thanzi (onjezerani ndiwo zamasamba, zipatso, ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ulusi wambiri).
• Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse.
• Chepetsani kumwa mowa.
• Khalani ndi thupi labwino.
• Pezani mayeso onse omwe dokotala wakupatsani pa nthawi yake.