Kodi mwana wanu ali ndi bowo mumtima mwake? Tiyeni tikambirane za VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)

Muyenera kuti munachita mantha kwambiri dokotala atakuuzani kuti mwana wanu ali ndi bowo mumtima mwake, sichoncho? Ndi zofala kwambiri. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti iyi ndi matenda a mtima obadwa nawo omwe amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa ana ku Sri Lanka. Nthawi zambiri, awa si owopsa. Choncho musachite mantha. Tiyeni tikambirane za matenda awa otchedwa VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect) m'njira yosavuta yomwe mungamvetse.

Mwachidule, kodi VSD iyi ndi chiyani?

Mtima wathu uli ngati nyumba yaying'ono yokhala ndi zipinda zinayi. Zipinda ziwiri zapamwamba ndi zipinda ziwiri zapansi. Zipinda ziwiri zazikulu, zolimba pansi ndi zomwe timazitcha ma ventricles . Pali khoma lolimba pakati pa ma ventricles awiriwa. Khoma ili limatchedwa septum . Ntchito ya khoma ili ndikuletsa magazi ambiri okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso oyera mbali imodzi ya mtima kuti asasakanikirane ndi magazi ochepa okhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso odetsedwa mbali inayo.

Chilema cha Ventricular Septal (VSD) , mwachidule, ndi dzenje lomwe lili pakhoma (septum). Dzenje ili limachitika pamene khoma ili silinapangidwe mokwanira pamene mwana akukula m'mimba. Dzenje ili limalola magazi okhala ndi mpweya wambiri kusakanizika ndi magazi omwe ali ndi mpweya wochepa. Izi zimalepheretsa mtima kugwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika.

Nthawi zambiri, mabowo amenewa amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri ndipo samayambitsa zizindikiro zilizonse. Koma nthawi zina, mabowo amenewa amatha kukula. Zikatero, mwanayo akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto ena ndipo amafunika chithandizo.

Kodi pali mitundu ya VSD?

Inde, mabowo awa amagawidwa m'mitundu ikuluikulu inayi kutengera komwe ali mu khoma la mtima. Simuyenera kuwadziwa mozama, koma ndibwino kukhala ndi kumvetsetsa kwathunthu.

Kodi zizindikiro za izi ndi ziti?

Nthawi zambiri, ngati dzenje la VSD ndi laling'ono kwambiri (losakwana mamilimita atatu, pafupifupi kukula kwa chotsukira mano), sipadzakhala zizindikiro. Komabe, ngati dzenjelo ndi lalikulu (mamilimita atatu mpaka asanu) kapena lalikulu (mamilimita 6 mpaka 10, pafupifupi kukula kwa nandolo), zizindikiro zimatha kuchitika.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa VSD?

Chifukwa chenicheni cha izi sichikudziwikabe, koma nthawi zina VSD imatha kuchitika limodzi ndi matenda ena a majini, monga Down syndrome .

Akukayikiranso kuti mankhwala ena omwe mayi amamwa panthawi ya mimba (monga mankhwala oletsa khunyu) kapena kumwa mowa angapangitse kuti chiopsezocho chiwonjezeke. Komabe, kafukufuku akadalibe wotsimikizira zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.

Kodi izi zingayambitse mavuto otani?

Ngati dzenje la VSD ndi lalikulu, mtima uyenera kugwira ntchito molimbika, zomwe zingawononge mtima ndi mapapo pakapita nthawi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi ambiri azitha kuchoka kumanja kwa mtima kupita ku mapapo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magazi azithamanga kwambiri m'mapapo. Izi zimatchedwa Pulmonary Hypertension .

Mavuto ena:

• Kulephera kwa mtima
• Kutuluka kwa magazi kuchokera ku ma valve a mtima (Aortic regurgitation)
• Kukula kwa ma ventricle a mtima
• Matenda a mtima (Endocarditis)
• Kugunda kwa mtima kosazolowereka
• Stroke

Kodi mwapeza bwanji izi, Dokotala?

Kawirikawiri, dokotala akamamufufuza mwanayo ndikumvetsera chifuwa chake pogwiritsa ntchito stethoscope, amamva phokoso lina lotchedwa "kung'ung'udza kwa mtima" . Kumvetsera phokosoli kungayambitse kukayikiridwa kuti ali ndi VSD.

Kuti atsimikizire kukayikira kumeneko, dokotala akulangiza mayeso angapo monga:

• Echocardiogram (Echo): Iyi ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yoyezera mtima. Ili ngati scan ya mwana m'mimba. Imajambula kanema wa mtima ndikuwonetsa komwe kuli dzenje, kukula kwake, ndi momwe magazi akuyenderera.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Imayesa momwe magetsi a mtima amagwirira ntchito.
• X-ray ya pachifuwa: Kuwunika pachifuwa ndi X-ray.
• MRI ya mtima kapena CT scan: Izi sizikufunika kawirikawiri.
• Kuyeza kwa mtima (Cardiac Catheterization): Kuyeza komwe chubu chaching'ono chimayikidwa mumtima. Izi sizili zofunikira nthawi zonse.

Kodi chithandizo cha VSD ndi chiyani?

Kaya izi zachiritsidwa kapena ayi, komanso momwe zingakhalire, zimadalira kukula kwa dzenjelo ndi zizindikiro za mwana.

Kudikira Mosamala

Nthawi zambiri, ndiko kuti, mabowo ambiri a VSD amakhala ang'onoang'ono kwambiri. Mabowo amenewa amatseka okha mwanayo akakwanitsa zaka 6. Pazochitika zotere, dokotala sachita chithandizo chilichonse, koma nthawi zonse amafufuza kukula ndi zizindikiro za mwanayo kuchipatala.

Mankhwala

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi zizindikiro pamene dzenjelo likuchira, kapena akukonzedwa opaleshoni, dokotala angakupatseni mankhwala ena.

• Mankhwala Ochepetsa Kutuluka kwa Madzi M'thupi: Mankhwalawa amathandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi owonjezera omwe amasonkhana m'thupi ndi m'mapapo.
• Mankhwala a matenda a mtima: Amathandiza kulamulira momwe mtima umagwirira ntchito.

Opaleshoni ndi njira zina

Ngati dzenjelo ndi lalikulu ndipo likuyambitsa mavuto kwa mwana, liyenera kutsekedwa. Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zochitira izi.

1. Opaleshoni yotsegula mtima: Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amatseka dzenjelo ndi zosokera kapena "chigamba" chopangira. Pakapita nthawi, minofu ya mtima wa mwana imakula mozungulira chigambacho, n’kukhala mbali ya khoma la mtima.

2. Njira yochizira matenda a transcatheter: Izi sizikuphatikizapo kudula pachifuwa. M'malo mwake, chubu chaching'ono (catheter) chimadutsa mtsempha waukulu wamagazi womwe uli mwendo kupita kumtima, ndipo chipangizo chimadutsamo kuti chitseke dzenjelo. Njira imeneyi ndi yosavuta kuposa opaleshoni.

Kodi muyenera kupita kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo liti?

Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi VSD, nthawi zonse muziyang'anira zizindikiro zotsatirazi.

Komanso, funsani dokotala wanu ngati muwona zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• Ngati kulemera kwa mwana sikukukwera monga momwe amayembekezera.
• Ngati mukuchita thukuta kapena kuchita khama kwambiri mukamwa mkaka.
• Ngati nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi matenda opatsirana m'mapapo (mafinya pachifuwa).

Kodi tingayembekezere chiyani mtsogolo?

Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri. Ana ambiri omwe ali ndi VSD amakhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino komanso wathanzi. Makamaka ngati dzenjelo ndi laling'ono kapena lachiritsidwa ndi kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu, palibe choopa zamtsogolo.

Komabe, ngati VSD yayikulu sichitha kuchiritsidwa mwachangu ndipo imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa mapapo (Eisenmenger syndrome), nthawi yotsala ya moyo ikhoza kuchepetsedwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kufunafuna upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yake ndikofunikira kwambiri.