Mwana wanu amalankhula kwambiri kunyumba, amawerenga mosalekeza, ndipo amalankhula mokweza ngakhale akamasewera. Koma akapita kusukulu, kunyumba kwa achibale, kapena ku maphwando, kodi pakamwa pake pamakhala chete? Kodi amangogwedeza mutu wawo osalankhula wina akamamufunsa zinazake? Mungaganize kuti uku ndi manyazi, kapena kuuma mtima, kapena kungolankhula pang'ono. Koma kungakhale chinthu chakuya, matenda amisala omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mantha ndi nkhawa . Lero, tikambirana za vutoli lotchedwa 'Selective Mutism.'

Kodi Selective Mutism ndi chiyani?

Mwachidule, Selective Mutism ndi kulephera kulankhula pazochitika zina za anthu, m'malo omwe simukumva bwino kapena mumaopa. Izi si zadala . M'malo omwe mumamva kuti ndinu odziwa bwino komanso otetezeka, monga kunyumba, mutha kulankhula popanda vuto lililonse. Koma m'malo monga kusukulu kapena m'malo omwe kuli alendo, mawu anu amaoneka kuti sakugwira ntchito.

Izi n'zosiyana ndi munthu amene amangochita manyazi. Kusachita bwino mutism ndi matenda a nkhawa. Nthawi zambiri amayamba ali mwana, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 5. Nthawi zambiri amawazindikira ana aang'ono komanso a giredi yoyamba. Komabe, amathanso kukhudza achinyamata ndi akuluakulu.

Matendawa akuti amapezeka kwambiri mwa atsikana kuposa anyamata. Koma izi zitha kukhala chifukwa cha malingaliro a anthu. Komabe, ndi vuto losowa kwambiri. Limakhudza anthu osakwana m'modzi pa anthu 100 aliwonse.

Kodi zizindikiro za munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism ndi ziti?

Mawu oti "kusankha" m'dzina lake akusonyeza kuti izi zimachitika pokhapokha ngati pali zinthu zinazake . Izi zikutanthauza kuti, mutha kulankhula popanda vuto lililonse ngati muli omasuka. Komabe, ngati simukumva bwino kapena kuchita mantha, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ngati sizingatheke, kulankhula.

Zizindikiro zimenezi zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu. Anthu ena satha kulankhula, pomwe ena amalankhula pang'ono komanso mochepa.

Mkhalidwe wolephera kulankhula kapena kukhala pafupi nawo

Izi zikutanthauza kupewa kulankhula kwambiri momwe mungathere, kapena kuletsa kulankhula konse. Zitha kuwoneka motere:

• Mumamva ngati simungathe kulankhula. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti maganizo anu ndi olimba chifukwa cha mantha ndi nkhawa zambiri. Ngakhale zingawoneke ngati simukufuna kulankhula, izi si zomwe mumachita dala, zimangochitika.
• Thupi lake ndi lolimba ndipo akuoneka ngati waponyedwa miyala. Ngati nswala yomwe yagwidwa mu kuwala ndipo yachita mantha.
• Pali nkhope yopanda kanthu .
• Amapewa kuyang'anana ndi maso.
• Amapewa kapena sachita nawo zinthu zina . Tangoganizirani, mphunzitsi akafunsa zinazake mkalasi, mwanayo akuyang'ana pansi pamene ana ena akuyankha.
• Sapempha zinthu zomwe akufuna. Mwachitsanzo, angapite kuchimbudzi kusukulu osapempha aphunzitsi, ndipo angapemphenso china chake m'zovala zawo.Palinso nthawi zina zomwe muyenera kukodza .
• Amachita zinthu mwadala kuti asamalankhule (monga kulimbana, kulira).

Kulankhulana kosagwiritsa ntchito mawu

• M'malo mwa mawu , amagwiritsa ntchito mawu omwe aliyense amawamvetsa, monga "Uu huun" (inde) ndi "Ah ah" (ayi).
• Pofuna kupewa kulankhula , amalemba zinthu ndikuchita zinthu monga kukuwonetsani zinazake m'buku .
• Amagwiritsa ntchito manja ndi nkhope m'malo mwa mawu (monga kugwedeza mutu, kuloza).

Kulankhula pang'ono kapena pang'ono

• Yakwana nthawi yoti muyankhe.
• Amayankha m'mawu amodzi kapena awiri kapena amagwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zazifupi kwambiri.
• Amalankhula pang'onopang'ono, mopupuluma, kapena amalankhula pang'onopang'ono komanso monong'oneza.
• Amalankhula ndi mawu osinthika (monga ngati loboti, kapena mwa kusintha kamvekedwe ka mawu awo achizolowezi).

Nchifukwa chiyani kusankha kwa mutism kumachitika?

Akatswiri sakumvetsabe bwino chomwe chimayambitsa izi, koma akuganiza kuti pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingathandize.

Matenda ena amisala

Matenda a mutism osankhidwa bwino amagwirizana kwambiri ndi matenda ena amisala. Izi sizomwe zimayambitsa matendawa okha, koma anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa amakhala ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matenda a mutism osankhidwa bwino.

• Matenda Okhudzana ndi Nkhawa Pagulu: Izi zimachitika kawirikawiri pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism. Akatswiri amati pakati pa 75% ndi 100% ya anthu akhoza kukhala ndi zonsezi.
• Kuopa zinthu: Kuopa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mopitirira muyeso.
• Matenda ena a nkhawa.
• Matenda a Autism Spectrum.
• Kupatukana Nkhawa: Kuopa kwambiri kupatukana ndi makolo.
• Matenda Ovutika Maganizo Pambuyo pa Zoopsa (PTSD): Kuvutika maganizo komwe kumachitika pambuyo pa chochitika choopsa.

Mbiri ya banja kapena zotsatira za majini

Matenda a nkhawa amatha kuchitika m'mabanja. Munthu amene ali ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism amakhala ndi wachibale wapafupi (kholo, m'bale, mwana) amene ali ndi vutoli kapena matenda ena a nkhawa.

Matenda ena olankhula

Ana ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kusalankhula bwino chifukwa cha nkhawa ndi momwe amalankhulira kapena kuvutika kumvetsetsa zomwe ena akunena (monga vuto la kumva , kuchedwa kuphunzira).

Zingayambitsidwenso ndi mavuto olankhula, monga kusokonezeka kwa kulankhula bwino . Ana ena amatha kukhala ndi vuto la kusalankhula bwino chifukwa sakonda mawu awoawo kapena amaopa momwe amamvekera akamalankhula.

Zinthu zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu

Zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu zingayambitsenso ana kukhala ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism.

• Kuzunzidwa ndi ena.
• Zochitika zoopsa kwambiri kapena nkhanza.
• Mavuto a m'banja (monga nkhanza zamaganizo, za mawu, kapena zakuthupi kunyumba).
• Kusamukira kudziko kapena dera komwe kumalankhula chilankhulo china chachikulu.

Kodi ndi mavuto otani omwe amabwera chifukwa cha kusankha matenda a mutism?

Mkhalidwe umenewu ukhoza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa pa moyo wanu m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

• Kusasangalala ndi anthu, kusungulumwa, kapena kudzipatula.
• Kukula kwa matenda ena kapena zizindikiro zina zokhudzana ndi nkhawa.
• Zotsatira pa ntchito zamaphunziro kapena magwiridwe antchito .

Kodi mumazindikira bwanji izi?

Matenda a mutism osankhidwa nthawi zambiri amapezedwa ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo, monga dokotala wa matenda amisala kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo. Akatswiri a Matenda a Chilankhulo Cholankhulidwa kapena Akatswiri Othandiza Kulankhula angathandizenso kuthetsa matenda ena ndikupeza matenda.

Dokotala amazindikira vutoli poyang'ana zizindikiro ndi machitidwe. Adzakufunsani (kapena mwana wanu) mafunso okhudza zomwe zachitikazi ndi zina zomwe zingayambitse vutoli.

Kawirikawiri, dokotala wanu amagwiritsa ntchito mafunso ndi mndandanda kuti adziwe ngati muli ndi vutoli. Malinga ndi American Psychiatric Association's DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition text revision™) , kuti mupezeke ndi matenda a mutism, muyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zisanu izi:

1. Kusalankhula nthawi zonse pagulu pomwe mukuyenera kulankhula, koma palibe vuto kulankhula nthawi zina.

2. Kusalankhula kumakhudza moyo wa anthu, maphunziro, kapena ntchito .

3. Kulephera kulankhula kumatenga nthawi yoposa mwezi umodzi.

4. Kusalankhula si chifukwa chakuti simungathe kulankhula kapena kumvetsetsa chilankhulo chachikulu chomwe ena amagwiritsa ntchito.

5. Kuvuta kulankhula sikungayambitsidwe ndi vuto lina la kulankhula, monga chibwibwi . Komanso, sizingangokhala zokhudzana ndi matenda a autism spectrum , matenda a schizophrenia spectrum, kapena matenda ena amisala .

Kodi pali mankhwala? Kodi angathe kuchiritsidwa kwathunthu?

Ndi chithandizo, kuopsa kwa zizindikiro ndi kuchuluka kwa zizindikirozo kungachepe. Ngati zitazindikirika ndikuchiritsidwa msanga, anthu ena amatha kuchira kwathunthu.

Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:

Chithandizo cha matenda amisala

Chithandizo cha matenda amisala (makamaka Cognitive Behavioral Therapy kapena CBT)) nthawi zambiri ndi mankhwala oyamba omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi omwenso amapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Chithandizo cha khalidwe chimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa ndikulimbana ndi nkhawa ndi malingaliro ena ovutitsa omwe amayambitsa kusankha matenda a mutism. Zimathandizanso kuwongolera machitidwe osokoneza omwe angatsatire vutoli.

Pochiza ana ndi chithandizochi, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito osamalira awo (makolo, osamalira). Thandizo lawo ndilofunika kwambiri kuti chithandizochi chipambane.

Chithandizo cha Kulankhula

Chithandizo cha kulankhula chimaphatikizapo kugwira ntchito ndi katswiri wothandiza kulankhula. Izi zingakhale zothandiza makamaka ngati pali vuto la kulankhula molakwika komanso vuto la kulankhula.

Mankhwala

Ngati chithandizo cha matenda amisala kapena chithandizo cholankhula chokha sichikugwira ntchito, mankhwala angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati gawo la chithandizocho.

Mankhwala odziwika bwino a selective mutism ndi SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors) . Ngakhale kuti awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pochiza kuvutika maganizo, angathandizenso ndi matenda a nkhawa monga selective mutism. Mankhwala ena angathandizenso. Dokotala wanu (kapena dokotala wa mwana wanu) angakuuzeni zambiri za izi ndikukuthandizani kusankha yoyenera kwa inu.

Ndi bwino kufunsa dokotala wanu za zotsatirapo zoyipa za mankhwala.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati ine kapena mwana wanga ali ndi matenda a mutism osankhidwa?

Ngati mwana ali ndi vutoli, lingakhudze ntchito yake ya kusukulu, momwe amachitira zinthu ndi anzake, komanso luso lake lopeza mabwenzi. Nthawi zina, ana angayesedwe kukhala chete, ngakhale pazochitika zofunika kwambiri.

Ngati muli ndi vuto la kusankha munthu wogonana ndi munthu wina akakula, likhoza kupitiriza kukhala ndi zotsatirapo zoipa. Lingakulepheretseni kupeza mabwenzi ndikumanga ubale (wachikhalidwe, wantchito, wachikondi). Lingakhudzenso maphunziro anu ndi ntchito yanu.

Kwa anthu ambiri, zizindikiro zimaoneka ngati zimatha akamakula. Komabe, nthawi zina zizindikiro zimapitirira ndipo zimatha kufanana ndi matenda ena a nkhawa (makamaka nkhawa yokhudzana ndi anthu).

Ngati chazindikirika ndi kuchiritsidwa msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino kwambiri. Ngati chazindikirika ndi kuchiritsidwa ali aang'ono, anthu ambiri amatha kuchotsa vutoli kapena kuthana nalo ndikukhala nalo. Zikatero sizidzakhudza kwambiri miyoyo yawo.

Komabe, ngati sichidziwika bwino ndipo sichinachiritsidwe, zotsatira zake sizikhala zabwino kwenikweni. Uwu si vuto loopsa, koma zotsatira zake zoyipa zingakhale zazikulu.

Kodi kusankha matenda a mutism kungapewedwe?

Mwatsoka, kusankha matenda a mutism sikungatheke. Akatswiri samvetsa bwino chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa, kotero palibe njira yochepetsera chiopsezo cha matendawa.

Kodi ndingathandize bwanji mwana wanga ngati ali ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism?

Mungakhumudwe mwana wanu akamalephera kulankhula pazochitika zina, komanso mukanena kuti, "Lankhulani, lankhulani," koma iye sakulankhula. Kukhumudwitsidwa kumeneku kungakhale kwakukulu kwambiri mwana wanu akamavutika kupewa kulankhula, monga kulira.

Koma chofunika kwambiri kukumbukira ndi chakuti kusankha matenda a mutism ndi vuto la thanzi la maganizo. Si chinthu chomwe mwana wanu angathe kuchiletsa. Koma, mungathe kulamulira vuto la mwana wanu komanso momwe mumachitira ndi zizindikiro zake.

Nazi zinthu zofunika zomwe mungakumbukire:

• Muzipangitsa mwana wanu kumva bwino komanso otetezeka. Musamukakamize kapena kumuthamangitsa kumalo komwe angamve mantha kapena nkhawa. Sikoyeneranso kulankhula za vutoli pamaso pake, chifukwa lingam'pangitse kuchita manyazi komanso kuchita mantha kwambiri.
• Chepetsani mantha ndi nkhawa, kenako pitirizani. Yambani mwa kulimbikitsa mwana wanu kuti afotokoze maganizo ake m'njira zomwe akumva bwino. Choyamba, pang'onopang'ono muwaphunzitseni momwe angachezere anthu, kenako muthandizeni kulankhula.
• Khalani oleza mtima ndipo perekani mwana wanu nthawi yoti alankhule. Ngati mumulankhulira, angamve ngati akulakwitsa. Izi zidzamupangitsa kukhala kovuta kuti athetse mantha ndi nkhawa yolankhula. Athandizeni kumvetsetsa kuti ndi bwino kuganiza asanayankhe, komanso kutenga nthawi yawo.
• Muyamikireni chifukwa cha khama lake. Ngati mwana wanu alankhula, muyamikireni chifukwa cha zimenezo. Mupatseni mphoto (ndi mawu) chifukwa cha zimene wachita. Mupangitseni kumva bwino akalankhula.
• Musayese kuwalimbikitsa mwa kuwalanga. Ana omwe amaopa kulangidwa ngati salankhula angavutike kulankhula chifukwa adzachita mantha kwambiri.

Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimayambitsa kusankha mitundu ya mutism?

"Zoyambitsa" za mutism ndi zochitika kapena zifukwa zomwe zimapangitsa munthu amene ali ndi vutoli kukhala ndi mwayi wolephera kulankhula. Zitsanzo zina zodziwika bwino ndi izi:

• Zikumveka ngati anthu ena ali pafupi kwambiri, zikumveka ngati akulowa m'malire awoawo .
• Ena amalankhula mokweza komanso akuchita zinthu mopanda ulemu.
• Alendo, anthu atsopano.
• Makhalidwe a anthu ena, mwachitsanzo , anthu aatali kwambiri komanso ooneka ngati akuluakulu.
• Makhalidwe a ena, mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amaoneka ngati akuda nkhawa, osakonda anzawo, kapena omwe amachita zinthu zoipa .
• Malo okhala ndi anthu ambiri komanso phokoso lalikulu.
• Malo ogwirizana ndi zokumbukira zachisoni komanso zosasangalatsa.
• Malo omwe sindinapiteko kale.
• Zatsopano kwathunthu, kapena zochitika zomwe mwana adakumana nazo kale zomwe sizinaphule kanthu.

Izi ndi zina mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zomwe zimafala kwambiri. Anthu ena akhoza kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zenizeni kuposa izi. Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zimatha kusintha pakapita nthawi.

Kodi kusankha matenda a mutism ndi mtundu wa autism?

Ayi, Selective Mutism ndi Autism Spectrum Disorder ndi matenda awiri osiyana. Komabe, anthu omwe ali ndi autism nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi selective mutism.

Pomaliza, zinthu zoti muzikumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Matenda a Selective Mutism ndi matenda omwe mwana sangathe kulankhula chifukwa cha mantha kapena nkhawa. Nthawi zambiri amayamba ali mwana ali kusukulu, koma amathanso kukhudza achinyamata ndi akuluakulu. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti ana omwe ali ndi vutoli sali ouma mtima kapena osayankha. Komanso si chinthu chomwe angathe kuchilamulira okha.

Ngati mukuganiza kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi vuto la kusankha matenda a mutism, lankhulani ndi dokotala wa ana kapena katswiri wina wa zaumoyo. Pali mankhwala omwe alipo, ndipo chithandizo chikayamba msanga, zotsatira zake zimakhala zabwino. Ndi chilimbikitso chanu ndi chithandizo, mwana wanu angaphunzire kudzilankhulira yekha popanda kutaya mawu ake chifukwa cha mantha kapena nkhawa.

Kusalankhula bwino , kusalankhula bwino, thanzi la maganizo la ana, nkhawa, mantha ocheza ndi anthu, mavuto olankhula, khalidwe la ana