Kodi pali kusintha kwa testis yanu? Tiyeni tiphunzire za Seminoma?

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo chinthu chachilendo, monga chotupa chaching'ono, mukamaona kapena kumva machende anu? Kapena mumangomva kulemera kapena kupweteka pang'ono m'mimba? Simungasamale kwambiri zinthuzi. Komabe, tiyenera kuda nkhawa pang'ono ndi kusintha kochepa kotereku. Lero tikambirana za matenda omwe angayambe ndi kusintha kotereku, koma amatha kuchiritsidwa bwino ngati atazindikirika msanga. Ndi seminoma imeneyo.

Kodi Seminoma ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi khansa?

Mwachidule, seminoma ndi chotupa cha maselo a germ cell . Nthawi zambiri chimamera mu testicular imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndi mtundu wa khansa ya testicular. Umuna wa mwamuna umapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a germ awa. Inde, seminoma ndi khansa.

Kumva dzinali kungakhale koopsa pang'ono. Ndi zachilendo. Koma nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti seminoma ndi khansa yomwe nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa. Ngati itachiritsidwa bwino, ili ndi mwayi waukulu wopulumutsa moyo wanu.

Nthawi zina, kuchotsa tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi opaleshoni kungakhale kofunikira ngati chithandizo. Komabe, nthawi zambiri izi sizikhudza kuthekera kwanu kugonana, kukhala ndi chonde, kapena kukhala ndi ana. Ngati tchire lonse lachotsedwa, mutha kugonanabe. Ngati mukufuna kukhala ndi mwana, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira kubereka monga IVF (In Vitro Fertilization).

Kuwonjezera pa machende, ma seminoma samapezeka kawirikawiri m'zigawo zina za thupi. Mwachitsanzo:

• Malo omwe ali pachifuwa panu pomwe mtima wanu uli (mediastinum).
• Malo omwe ali kumbuyo kwa mimba, komwe kuli impso, amatchedwa ``retroperitoneum``.

Kodi mitundu ikuluikulu ya seminoma ndi iti?

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya seminoma. Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zili:

1. Seminoma yakale:

Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhudza anthu azaka zapakati pa 25 ndi 45. Chodabwitsa ndi ichi ndichakuti kuchuluka kwa puloteni yotchedwa `Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)` m'magazi sikukwera. `AFP` ndi puloteni yomwe imapangidwa ndi chiwindi cha mwana wosabadwayo pamene ikukula m'mimba. Kuchuluka kwa magazi a `AFP` mwa munthu wamkulu kungakhale chizindikiro cha mitundu ina ya khansa, makamaka mitundu ina ya khansa ya ma testicular. Komabe, ngati muli ndi `classic seminoma`, kuchuluka kwa `AFP` kwanu sikukwera.

2. Seminoma ya spermatocytic:

Mtundu uwu nthawi zambiri umakhudza anthu azaka zopitilira 50. Chapadera cha mtundu uwu ndichakuti umakula pang'onopang'ono. Ulinso ndi chiopsezo chochepa chofalikira (metastasizing) ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Kodi seminoma ndi yofala bwanji?

Khansa ya m'matumbo nthawi zambiri imaonedwa ngati matenda osowa - omwe amakhudza pafupifupi mwamuna m'modzi mwa amuna 250. Komabe, deta ikuwonetsa kuti chiwerengero cha milandu chikuwonjezeka masiku ano. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi ndi kuwonjezeka kwa milandu ya seminoma. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi deta yochokera ku CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) ku United States, 54% ya khansa ya m'matumbo yomwe inapezeka pakati pa 2001 ndi 2020 inali seminoma.

Chofunika ndichakuti, ngakhale kuti khansa ya m'ma testicular nthawi zambiri imakhala yosowa, ndiyo khansa yofala kwambiri mwa anyamata azaka zapakati pa 15 ndi 35. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti amuna azaka izi azidziwa bwino izi. Seminoma nthawi zambiri imakhudza amuna azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 60.

Kodi zizindikiro za seminoma ndi ziti? Kodi inunso muli nazo izi?

Zizindikiro za seminoma zimatha kusiyana malinga ndi munthu, koma pali zizindikiro zingapo zodziwika bwino.

Zizindikiro zomwe zimawonedwa kawirikawiri:

• Chotupa kapena kutupa m'thumba la mabere: Ichi ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu komanso chofala kwambiri. Anthu ambiri amapeza izi mwangozi, kaya akusamba kapena atakhala pansi.
• Kumva kulemera m'machende, m'mimba, kapena m'makoswe: Kungamveke ngati chinachake chikudzaza mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizimve cholemera.
• Kupweteka m'machende, m'mimba, kapena m'makoswe: Anthu ena sangakhale ndi ululu waukulu, koma akhoza kukhala ndi ululu wosasangalatsa kapena kupweteka kosalekeza komanso kosatha.

Nthawi zambiri, zinthu ngati izi zimachitika:

• Ululu waukulu ndi ululu wadzidzidzi komanso wakuthwa m'machende.
• Magazi mu umuna (hematospermia).

Nthawi zina, ngati seminoma ifalikira (metastasizes) ku ziwalo zina za thupi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti khansa imakula ndikupita kumalo ena kunja kwa machende, zizindikiro monga:

• Ziphuphu m'maselo a lymph m'khosi.
• Chifuwa chosalekeza.
• Kuvuta kupuma (kupuma movutikira).
• Kusanza ndi kusanza.
• Kutuluka magazi m'mimba.
• Kupweteka m'mafupa.

Ngati muli ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro izi kapena zingapo, sizikutanthauza kuti muli ndi seminoma. Komabe, ndi bwino kupita kwa dokotala kukayezetsa.

Kodi seminoma ndi khansa yoopsa yomwe imafalikira mwachangu?

Poyamba, seminoma siimakhala yoopsa kwambiri ndipo siifalikira mofulumira. Koma nthawi zina, imatha kukula mofulumira. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuzindikira msanga ndikofunikira. Ngati mwapezeka ndi seminoma, dokotala adzakuyang'anani nthawi zonse kuti aone ngati yafalikira komanso momwe ikuyendera.

N’chifukwa chiyani seminoma imeneyi imayamba? Kodi chifukwa chake n’chiyani?

Izi n’zovuta pang’ono. Monga tanenera kale, umuna wa mwamuna umapangidwa kuchokera ku maselo a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zambiri, mwana wosabadwa akamakula m’mimba, maselo a tizilombo amenewa amapangidwa, ndipo mwa mwana wamwamuna, maselo amenewo amapita ku machende ndikukhala umuna.

Koma mwa munthu amene ali ndi seminoma, maselo a majeremusi amenewa sakula kwenikweni kukhala umuna, koma amagawikana ndikuchulukana mwanjira ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotupa. Madokotala sakudziwabe chifukwa chake nthawi zina maselo a majeremusi amenewa amalephera kukula kukhala umuna. Kafukufuku akupitirirabe.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza seminoma? (Zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo)

Aliyense amene ali ndi machende amatha kukhala ndi seminoma pa msinkhu uliwonse. Komabe, anthu ena apezeka kuti ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Zaka: Kawirikawiri anthu azaka zapakati pa 30 ndi 60.
• Mtundu: Ngakhale kuti deta yakunja ikusonyeza kuti anthu oyera ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza matendawa, kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti adziwe momwe izi zimatikhudzira ku Sri Lanka.
• Mbiri ya banja: Ngati munakhalapo ndi seminoma kale, kapena ngati wachibale wanu wapafupi (monga bambo kapena mchimwene wanu) adakhalapo ndi seminoma, chiopsezo chanu chimakhala chachikulu.
• Machende osatsika: Ngati nyere imodzi kapena zonse ziwiri sizinatsike bwino m'thumba la machende ali ana (machende osatsika kapena cryptorchidism), chimenechonso ndi chiopsezo.

Kodi mungadziwe bwanji ngati muli ndi seminoma? (Kuzindikira)

Ngati mukumva zachilendo m'machende anu, chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuchita ndikuwonana ndi dokotala. Dokotala ndiye amene angakuuzeni ngati muli ndi seminoma. Nthawi zambiri amachita izi:

• Mbiri yanu yazaumoyo idzawunikidwanso: Funsani za matenda anu akale komanso ngati pali wina aliyense m'banja mwanu amene adakumanapo ndi matenda ofanana ndi anu.
• Akufunsa za zizindikiro zanu: Akufunsa za kusasangalala kulikonse kapena kusintha kulikonse komwe mukukumana nako.
• Kuyezetsa thupi: Machende anu adzayang'aniridwa mosamala. Adzayang'ana ngati pali zotupa, kutupa, kapena kupweteka. Angayang'anenso ngati pali ma lymph nodes otupa m'khosi mwanu, m'khwapa, kapena m'mimba mwanu.

Ngati dokotala akukayikira kuti ali ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular, adzalangiza mayeso ena apadera kuti atsimikizire matendawa.

Kodi mayeso apadera awa ndi ati?

Kuti mudziwe ngati muli ndi seminoma, dokotala wanu akhoza kulamula chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Ultrasound ya ma testicular: Iyi ndi mayeso oyamba akuluakulu. Iyi ndi mayeso osapweteka omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a phokoso kuti apange zithunzi zenizeni za mkati mwa ma testicular. Imatha kudziwa ngati pali chotupa, kaya ndi cholimba kapena chodzaza ndi madzi.
• Mayeso ena ojambula zithunzi:Kujambula kwa CT (Computed Tomography scan), X-ray pachifuwa, kapena kawirikawiri, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) kungachitike kuti awone ngati khansa yafalikira kuchokera m'machende kupita ku ziwalo zina za thupi.
• Kuyesa chizindikiro cha khansa ya m'magazi: Uku ndi kuyesa magazi. Maselo ena a khansa, kapena maselo athanzi poyankha khansa, amatulutsa zinthu zinazake (zolemba za chotupa) m'magazi. Kuyesa kumeneku kumayang'ana kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro za chotupa m'magazi. Mu seminoma, kuchuluka kwa alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG), ndi lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) kumayesedwa mwachindunji. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya khansa ya ma testicular imapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zizindikiro za chotupa. Komabe, kukhala ndi zizindikiro za chotupa m'magazi sizitanthauza kuti khansayo palibe. Seminoma zina (makamaka seminoma zachikhalidwe) sizipanga AFP.
• Kuchotsa mafupa: Iyi ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni. Dokotala wochita opaleshoni amachotsa thumba lanu lonse lomwe lakhudzidwa ndikulitumiza kwa dokotala wa matenda kuti akafufuze maselo a khansa ndikupeza mtundu wa khansa. Kuchotsa mafupa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira seminoma ndipo ndiye njira yaikulu yochizira.

Pambuyo poti seminoma yapezeka, dokotala adzadziwa siteji ya khansa (kuchuluka kwa khansa). Izi zikuphatikizapo kukula kwa chotupacho, ngati chafalikira kunja kwa testicular, mpaka ku lymph nodes, kapena ku ziwalo zakutali. Gawoli limatsimikizira njira yotsatira ya chithandizo.

Kodi magawo a seminoma ndi ati?

Madokotala amagawa khansa ya m'ma testicular, yonse seminomas ndi non-seminomas, m'magawo 0 mpaka 3. (Palibe gawo lachinayi, monga momwe zilili ndi mitundu ina ya khansa.) Mwachidule, chiwerengero cha siteji chikachepa, khansa imakhala yodziwika bwino ndipo mwayi wake wofalikira suchepa. Magawo 1 mpaka 3 alinso ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono (A, B, C, kapena S), zomwe zimakuthandizani kumvetsetsa bwino mtundu wa khansayo.

Kuphatikiza apo, madokotala amagwiritsanso ntchito njira ya `TNM`. Dziwani zambiri:

• T (Chotupa): Kukula kwa chotupacho komanso ngati chili mkati mwa tchende kapena chafalikira ku minofu yozungulira.
• N (Node): Kaya khansa yafalikira bwanji komanso mpaka pati mpaka ku ma lymph nodes kumbuyo kwa mimba.
• M (Metastasis): Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zina kupitirira ma lymph nodes (monga mapapo, chiwindi, ubongo, mafupa).
• S (Zolemba za chotupa cha m'magazi): Kuyezetsa magazi kumasonyeza kuchuluka kwa `zolemba za chotupa` (`AFP`, `beta-HCG`, `LDH`).

Chidziwitsochi chingakhale chosokoneza pang'ono komanso choopsa. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti madokotala anu akuzindikireni bwino ndikukonzekeretsani chithandizo chabwino kwambiri.Ngati simukumvetsa izi, musaope kufunsa dokotala wanu kachiwiri.

Kodi seminoma imachiritsidwa bwanji?

Chithandizo cha seminoma chimadalira zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo mtundu wa khansa (seminoma kapena non-seminoma), siteji, ndi thanzi lanu lonse.

Chithandizo choyamba cha pafupifupi magawo onse a seminoma ndi opaleshoni ya radical inguinal orchiectomy . Iyi ndi njira yochitira opaleshoni. Mu njira imeneyi, dokotala wa opaleshoni amadula pang'ono m'mimba mwanu ndikuchotsa kwathunthu chiberekero chanu chokhudzidwa ndi chingwe cha umuna. Chingwe cha umuna si chubu chokha chomwe chimatenga umuna kuchokera ku chiberekero kupita ku mbolo, komanso chimakhala ndi mitsempha yamagazi, mitsempha, ndi mitsempha ya lymph yomwe imapereka magazi ku chiberekero. Dokotala wa opaleshoni amatseka mitsempha yamagazi iyi ndi mitsempha ya lymph kuti aletse maselo a khansa kufalikira ku ziwalo zina za thupi.

Mankhwala ena pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya orchiectomy amadalira gawo la khansa yanu komanso zotsatira za kafukufuku wa chotupa chomwe chachotsedwa. Zingaphatikizepo chimodzi kapena zingapo mwa izi:

• Kuyang'anira mwachangu / Kudikira mosamala: Pa seminoma yoyambirira (Gawo I), palibe chithandizo china chomwe chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya orchiectomy, ndipo mayeso azachipatala nthawi zonse (monga kuyezetsa thupi, kuyezetsa magazi, ndi CT scan) amachitidwa kuti ayang'anire bwino ngati khansayo ibwereranso kapena kufalikira. Nthawi zambiri, khansa imachira kwathunthu panthawiyi.
• Chemotherapy: Izi zimaphatikizapo kupatsa thupi mankhwala apadera ophera maselo a khansa. Mankhwalawa angatengedwe ngati mapiritsi kapena kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha. Ngati khansa yafalikira ku ma lymph nodes kapena ziwalo zakutali, chemotherapy ingaperekedwe pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya orchiectomy.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Izi zimagwiritsa ntchito ma X-ray amphamvu kwambiri kuti awononge maselo a khansa. Maselo a Seminoma ndi okhudzidwa kwambiri ndi radiation. Kale, chithandizo cha radiation nthawi zambiri chinkaperekedwa ku ma lymph nodes kumbuyo kwa mimba pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya orchiectomy ya seminoma yachiwiri. Komabe, chemotherapy tsopano ikukondedwa chifukwa cha zotsatira zake zochepa. Komabe, chithandizo cha radiation chimagwiritsidwabe ntchito nthawi zina.

Ngati ndili ndi seminoma, ndiyenera kuyembekezera chiyani? (Kuchira ndi malingaliro anga)

Iyi ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri komanso yotonthoza. Pankhani ya seminoma, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zitha kuyembekezera. Iyi ndi matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa:

• Ponseponse, chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka kwa zaka 5 ndi choposa 95%.
• Ngati khansa yapezeka msanga ndipo sinafalikire kupitirira testicular (Gawo I), mwayi wopulumuka ndi pafupifupi 99%.
• Ngakhale itafalikira ku ma lymph nodes apafupi (Gawo Lachiwiri), pali mwayi wa 96% wopulumuka.
• Ngakhale ziwalo zakutali za thupi zitakhudzidwa (Gawo lachitatu), pali chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka choposa 70%.

Kotero mutha kuona, mukazindikira msanga, mwayi wochira umakhala waukulu.

Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha seminoma, dokotala wanu adzakupatsani dongosolo loti mudzalandire chithandizo kwa nthawi yayitali. Muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse pa moyo wanu wonse kuti muwone ngati khansa yabwereranso. Kuwonana kumeneku kungaphatikizepo:

• Kuwunika thupi la testicular ya m'mbali mwa chiberekero.
• Yesani magazi nthawi zonse kuti muwone ngati pali zizindikiro za chotupa.
• Nthawi ndi nthawi, X-ray ya pachifuwa kapena CT scan ndi yabwino.

Kodi mwayi woti munthu afe ndi seminoma ndi wotani?

Monga tanenera kale, seminoma nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa kwambiri. Komabe, monga khansa ina iliyonse, pali mwayi wochepa woti ikhoza kupha. Malinga ndi American Cancer Society, pafupifupi munthu m'modzi mwa anthu 5,000 omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular adzafa. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chiwerengero cha imfa n'chochepa kwambiri.

Kodi seminoma ingapewedwe?

Ndipotu, palibe njira yotsimikizika yopewera khansa zambiri za m'ma testicular, kuphatikizapo seminoma, chifukwa sitikudziwabe chifukwa chake zimayamba.

Koma, ngakhale mutakhala kuti simungathe kuletsa, kuzizindikira msanga kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu. Njira yabwino yochitira izi ndikuwunika machende anu nokha (kuyezetsa machende - TSE) kamodzi pamwezi . Mutha kufunsa dokotala wanu momwe mungachitire izi. N'zosavuta monga kusamba. Kenako mutha kuwona nokha ngati pali kusintha kulikonse pa mawonekedwe awo kapena momwe akumvera, ziphuphu, kutupa, kapena kupweteka. Ngati muwona chotupa kapena kusintha kwa kukula , musachite mantha ndipo pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo.

Komanso, ndi bwino kuchita zinthu izi kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu cha khansa:

• Siyani kusuta fodya ndi kusuta fodya kwathunthu.
• Chitani masewera olimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu kwa mphindi zosachepera 20-30 patsiku.
• Phatikizani zipatso zatsopano, ndiwo zamasamba, nyemba, ndi tirigu wambiri muzakudya zanu.
• Ngati mumamwa mowa, chepetsani kumwa mowawo.
• Khalani ndi thupi labwino lomwe likugwirizana ndi kutalika kwanu.

Kodi ndimadzisamalira bwanji? (Ubwino wa maganizo)

Ngakhale kuti seminoma imachiritsidwa bwino, sizachilendo kuti aliyense amve mantha komanso nkhawa akamva mawu oti "khansa." Mukazindikira kuti muli ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular, mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana - mkwiyo, chisoni, mantha, kukhumudwa, kusowa chochita. Chilichonse chomwe mukumva ndi chachibadwa, choncho lolani kuti malingaliro amenewo atuluke.

Masiku ena mudzakhala ndi chidaliro komanso mphamvu zambiri. Masiku ena mudzakhala ngati mwatopa ndi chilichonse. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kutenga nthawi kuti mumvetse momwe mukumvera ndikulimbana nazo. Malangizo awa adzakuthandizani:

• Mpumulo: Mukatopa, patsa thupi lanu ndi maganizo anu mpumulo wabwino.
• Kuwongolera Kupsinjika Maganizo: Pezani njira yothanirana ndi kupsinjika maganizo komwe kungakuthandizeni. Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, yoga, kusinkhasinkha, kuchita chizolowezi chomwe mumakonda, kapena chithandizo cha zaluso zingathandize.
• Dziwani: Dziwani bwino za matenda anu ndi chithandizo chanu. Izi zingathandize kuchepetsa mantha osafunikira.
• Magulu othandizira: Yang'anani mapulogalamu othandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Komanso, pezani gulu lothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'ma testicular. Kulankhula ndi anthu omwe adakumanapo ndi zinthu zomwezo kungakuthandizeni kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri.
• Thandizo kuchokera kwa okondedwa anu: Pemphani thandizo kuchokera kwa achibale anu, anzanu apamtima, ndi anthu omwe mumawadalira. Auzeni zakukhosi kwanu.
• Uphungu wa Akatswiri: Ngati kuli kofunikira, musazengereze kupempha thandizo kwa mlangizi kapena katswiri wa zamaganizo.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Izi n'zomveka bwino. M'machende anu:

• Chipolopolo
• Kutupa
• Kusiyana kwa kukula
• Kusintha kwa mawonekedwe
• Kupweteka kosazolowereka kapena kulemera
• Chinanso chomwe chimakupangitsani kumva zachilendo.

Ngati muwona chilichonse chonga ichi, musachedwe ndipo musaope kupita kwa dokotala. Kenako akhoza kuzindikira chomwe chilipo ndikukulangizani kuti muyesedwe ndi kulandira chithandizo china ngati pakufunika kutero. Chikadziwika msanga, chithandizocho chimayenda bwino kwambiri.

Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha seminoma, onetsetsani kuti mukupita kukayezetsa nthawi zonse monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera kuti ayang'anire thanzi lanu lonse komanso kuti aone ngati khansayo yabwereranso. Musaphonye.

Kodi seminoma kapena non-seminoma ndi yoopsa kwambiri?

Zotupa za maselo a germ zomwe zimayamba m'machende zimagawidwa m'mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu: seminoma ndi non-seminoma. Seminoma nthawi zambiri zimayankha bwino chithandizo (makamaka chithandizo cha radiation) kuposa non-seminoma. Non-seminoma zitha kukhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya maselo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakula ndikufalikira mwachangu kuposa seminoma. Komabe, mitundu yonse iwiri tsopano ili ndi mankhwala othandiza kwambiri.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Kumbukirani kuti seminoma imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ikachiritsidwa. Ndi matenda ochiritsika nthawi zambiri. Komabe, kupezeka ndi khansa ndi chinthu chosintha moyo komanso chodetsa nkhawa.

Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudzisamalire.– Osati thanzi la thupi lokha, komanso thanzi la maganizo ndi la maganizo. Pezani magulu othandizira omwe akumvetsa zomwe mukukumana nazo, pezani thandizo kuchokera kwa okondedwa anu. Ngati muli ndi mafunso aliwonse, musawaletse. Funsani dokotala popanda kuwaletsa. Iye akhoza kuyankha mafunso anu onse ndikukupatsani mayankho abwino kwambiri.

Musaiwale kuti simuli nokha. Mukakumana ndi vuto ngati ili, kupempha thandizo ndi kufunafuna chidziwitso ndiye mphamvu yanu. Nthawi zonse samalirani thupi lanu, dziyezeni nokha mwezi uliwonse, ndipo funsani upangiri wa dokotala nthawi yomweyo ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse. Kungakupatseni mwayi waukulu wopulumutsa moyo wanu.

Seminoma , khansa ya ma testicular, thanzi la amuna, zizindikiro za khansa, chithandizo cha khansa, opaleshoni ya orchiectomy, kudziyesa wekha kwa ma testicular