Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane!

Kodi munayamba mwaonapo magazi mu mkodzo wanu? Kapena muli ndi ululu wa msana kapena kutopa kosalekeza? Ngakhale izi sizingawoneke ngati zodetsa nkhawa kwambiri, nthawi zina zimatha kukhala zizindikiro za khansa yomwe imayamba m'njira ya mkodzo. Mtundu umodzi wa khansa yotereyi ndi Urothelial Carcinoma , yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa Transitional Carcinoma . Lero, tikambirana izi mwatsatanetsatane , ngati kuti tikulankhula ndi mnzanu.

Kodi khansa ya m'mimba ndi chiyani? Mwachidule...

Mwachidule, Urothelial Carcinoma ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mu minofu yotchedwa urothelium, yomwe imazungulira mbali zina za mkodzo wanu. Taganizirani ngati mkati mwa ziwalo zina m'thupi lathu. Urothelium ndi imodzi mwa minofu yotere. Imapezeka makamaka mu chikhodzodzo, impso (makamaka m'chiuno cha impso), ndi mkodzo. Kodi mukudziwa kuti 90% ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi 7% ya khansa ya impso ndi khansa ya urothelial? Zizindikiro za zonsezi ndi zofanana kwambiri. Chabwino kwambiri ndichakuti khansa izi ndizosavuta kuchiza ndikuchiritsa ngati zapezeka msanga . Komabe, nthawi zina zimatha kubwereranso. Ndicho chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kudziwa izi.

Kodi khansa imeneyi imakhudza bwanji matupi athu?

Mmene khansa ya m'mimba imakhudzira chikhodzodzo chanu ndi impso zanu zimatha kusiyana pang'ono.

Khansa ya m'mimba ya chikhodzodzo

Chikhodzodzo chanu ndi chiwalo chaching'ono chonga thumba. Chili pakati pa mafupa anu a m'chiuno, pamwamba pa urethra yanu, ndi pansi pa impso zanu. Mkodzo wochokera ku impso zanu umasonkhana mu chikhodzodzo ichi. Mkati mwa chikhodzodzo muli minofu yomwe tatchula kale yotchedwa urothelium . Maselo omwe ali mu minofu iyi amatha kutambasuka pamene chikhodzodzo chanu chadzaza ndi mkodzo ndikuchepa pamene chikutuluka. (Chikhodzodzo chanu nthawi zambiri chimatha kusunga makapu awiri a mkodzo.) Mukadwala khansa ya chikhodzodzo, maselo omwe ali mu urothelium iyi amagawanika modabwitsa ndikufalikira kuchokera mkati mwa chikhodzodzo chanu kupita ku zigawo zina. Nthawi zina, maselo osazolowereka awa amatha kuswa makoma a chikhodzodzo chanu ndikulowa mu minofu yamafuta yozungulira. Ngati sichichiritsidwa, khansa iyi imatha kufalikira kudzera pakhoma la chikhodzodzo kupita ku ma lymph nodes apafupi ndipo kuchokera pamenepo kupita kumadera ena monga mafupa, mapapo, ndi chiwindi. Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo:

• Khansa ya urothelial yapamwamba kwambiri: Iyi ndi yoopsa pang'ono. Imatha kubwereranso ngakhale italandira chithandizo. Imatha kufalikira ku minofu ya chikhodzodzo, ziwalo zina za thupi, ndiIkhoza kufalikira ku ma lymph nodes .
• Khansa ya urothelial yotsika: Imeneyi ingabwererenso, koma sizingafalikire ku minofu ya chikhodzodzo kapena ziwalo zina za thupi.

Khansa ya impso ya urothelial

Kawirikawiri timakhala ndi impso ziwiri. Zili ngati ziwalo ziwiri zooneka ngati nyemba, zomwe zili pansi pa nthiti ndi kumbuyo kwa mimba. Impso zimasefa zinyalala ndi poizoni wochokera m'magazi ndikupanga mkodzo. Mkodzo uwu umasonkhana pakati pa impso yotchedwa renal pelvis . Kuchokera pamenepo, mkodzo umayenda mu chubu chachitali chomwe chimalumikiza impso ndi chikhodzodzo. Chubu ichi chimatchedwa ureter . Monga impso, impso pelvis ndi ureter zimakhalanso ndi minofu ya urothelial. Khansa ya impso imachitika pamene maselo olakwika a urothelial amakula ndikupanga zotupa mu impso, impso pelvis, kapena ureter. Khansa ya impso imathanso kufalikira ku ziwalo zina kapena minofu.

Ndani amene ali ndi mwayi waukulu wopeza khansa imeneyi?

Khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi khansa yachisanu ndi chimodzi yofala kwambiri ku United States. Ndipo 90% ya khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Amuna ali ndi mwayi wochuluka wopeza khansa ya m'mimba kuposa akazi . Khansa ya impso ndi khansa yachisanu ndi chitatu yofala kwambiri. Pafupifupi 7% ya khansa ya impso ndi khansa ya m'mimba. Kawirikawiri imapezeka mwa anthu azaka zapakati pa 65 ndi 74. Amuna ali ndi mwayi wowirikiza kawiri matendawa.

Kodi chizindikiro chachikulu cha khansa ya urothelial ndi chiyani?

Khansa ya m'mimba mwina singakhale ndi zizindikiro zilizonse kumayambiriro kwake. Komabe, magazi mu mkodzo (hematuria) nthawi zambiri ndiye chizindikiro choyamba. Ngati muwona magazi mu mkodzo kapena muli ndi zizindikiro zina izi, muyenera kuwona dokotala :

• Kupweteka kwa msana kosalekeza.
• Kutopa, kutopa .
• Kukhala woonda popanda chifukwa.
• Ululu mukamakodza ( dysuria ).
• Zikumveka ngati chotupa komwe kuli impso .
• Ndili ndi malungo pang'ono.

Kodi n’chiyani chimayambitsa khansa imeneyi?

Ofufuza zachipatala sakudziwabe chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya m'mimba ya chikhodzodzo ndi impso. Komabe, apeza zinthu zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa:

• Kusuta ndudu : Osuta ndudu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa ya m'mimba m'njira ya mkodzo.Chiwopsezo chotenga khansa n'chokwera kwambiri. Ichi ndiye chiopsezo chachikulu.
• Kukumana ndi mankhwala enaake: Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti anthu omwe amagwira ntchito m'malo omwe amapanga utoto winawake, labala, zinthu zachikopa, utoto, nsalu zina, ndi zinthu zokongoletsa tsitsi ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga khansa iyi.

Kodi madokotala amazindikira bwanji khansa iyi?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayesowa kuti adziwe khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi impso, kuphatikizapo khansa ya urothelial:

• Kusanthula mkodzo: Kuyesa komwe kumayesa mkodzo wanu kuti muwone mtundu, shuga, mapuloteni, magazi, ndi mabakiteriya.
• Kusanthula kwa mkodzo: Chitsanzo cha mkodzo wanu chimatengedwa ndikuyang'aniridwa pogwiritsa ntchito maikulosikopu kuti muwone ngati muli ndi maselo osazolowereka. Ngati muli ndi khansa mu impso, chikhodzodzo, kapena urethra, maselo a khansa angapezeke mu mkodzo wanu.
• Intravenous pyelogram (IVP): Iyi ndi mndandanda wa mayeso a X-ray. Amachitidwa kuti aone ngati ali ndi khansa mu impso, ureter, ndi chikhodzodzo. Madokotala amaikamo madzi apadera (utoto wosiyana) mumtsempha wanu. Kenako, X-ray imatengedwa pamene madziwo akudutsa mu impso zanu, ureter, ndi chikhodzodzo kuti aone ngati pali chotseka chilichonse.
• Ureteroscopy: Chipangizo chopyapyala chofanana ndi chubu (chokhala ndi kamera ndi kuwala) chimadutsa mu urethra kuti chiyang'ane mkati mwa ureter ndi pelvis ya impso. Chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito potenga zitsanzo za minofu.
• Kujambula kwa CT (Computed tomography - CT scan): Kompyuta yolumikizidwa ndi makina a X-ray imatenga zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za ziwalo zosiyanasiyana za thupi.
• Ultrasound: Mafunde amphamvu kwambiri (ultrasound) amatumizidwa m'maselo mkati mwa thupi ndipo mawu omwe amabwerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chithunzi (sonogram). Ultrasound ya m'mimba ingachitike kuti izindikire khansa ya impso ndi ureter.
• MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI): Imagwiritsa ntchito maginito, mafunde a wailesi, ndi kompyuta kujambula zithunzi zatsatanetsatane za malo omwe ali mkati mwa thupi, monga m'chiuno.

Kodi kukhazikika kwa khansa n'chiyani?

Madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwira matenda a khansa pokonzekera chithandizo ndi kudziwa nthawi yomwe khansayo idzachitike. Izi zikufotokoza momwe khansa ingakulire ndikufalikira.

Kukhazikitsa khansa ndi njira yovuta. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti vuto lanu likuyikidwa mu fomula yokhala ndi zilembo ndi manambala angapo, zitha kukhala zoopsa komanso zosokoneza. N'zomveka. Ngati simukudziwa bwino izi kapena mukuchita mantha, funsani dokotala wanu kuti akufotokozereni momwe njira imeneyi imagwirira ntchito pa vuto lanu.

Magawo a khansa ya chikhodzodzo

Khansa ya chikhodzodzo ikhoza kukhala yoyambirira (yomwe imakhudza chikhodzodzo chokha) kapena yopitirira (yalowa m'khoma la chikhodzodzo ndikufalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi kapena ma lymph nodes). Magawo a khansa ya chikhodzodzo ndi awa:

• Gawo Loyamba: Khansa imangokhala pa khoma la chikhodzodzo kapena minofu yolumikizirana yomwe ili pansi pake. Siinafalikire mpaka khoma lalikulu la minofu ya chikhodzodzo.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Khansa yafalikira mpaka kukhoma la minofu ya chikhodzodzo.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku minofu ya chikhodzodzo kupita ku minofu yamafuta yomwe ili kunja.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku chikhodzodzo kupita ku ma lymph nodes, ziwalo zina, kapena mafupa.

Madokotala amaikanso khansa ya chikhodzodzo m'magulu monga yosalowa m'thupi , yosalowa m'thupi , kapena yosalowa m'thupi .

• Yosalowa m'thupi: Pankhaniyi, khansa ikhoza kupezeka m'dera laling'ono la minofu, kapena ikhoza kukhala pamwamba pa chikhodzodzo.
• Sichimayambitsa minofu: Pankhaniyi, khansa yalowa kwambiri m'chikhodzodzo, koma sinafalikire ku minofu.
• Kulowa minofu: Pankhaniyi, khansa yafalikira ku minofu ya khoma la chikhodzodzo ndipo mwina yafalikira ku zigawo zamafuta zomwe zili kunja kwa chikhodzodzo kapena ku minofu ya ziwalo.

Magawo a khansa ya impso

Khansa ya impso siimayikidwa m'magawo kutengera mtundu wa selo la khansa. Khansa ya m'mimba imapanga pafupifupi 7% ya khansa ya impso. Khansa ya impso ndi khansa ya impso/m'chiuno/m'chiberekero zimakhala m'magawo osiyana.

• Gawo Loyamba: Khansayo sinafalikire kupitirira impso.
• Gawo Lachiwiri: Khansa yakula, koma sinafalikire kupitirira impso.
• Gawo Lachitatu: Khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku impso kupita ku mitsempha ikuluikulu yamagazi - mtsempha wa impso ndi vena cava yapansi - kapena kupita ku minofu yozungulira impso, kapena ku ma lymph nodes apafupi.
• Gawo Lachinayi: Khansa yafalikira kuchokera ku adrenal gland (kachilombo kakang'ono komwe kali pamwamba pa impso), kupita ku ma lymph nodes akutali, kapena ku ziwalo zina.

Magawo a khansa ya impso ndi ureter

• Gawo 0: Pali maselo osazolowereka m'kati mwa chiuno cha impso kapena ureter. Izi zimatchedwanso papillary carcinoma kapena carcinoma in situ .
• Gawo Loyamba (Gawo Loyamba): Khansa yafalikira kudzera mkati mwa pelvis ya impso ndi/kapena ureter ndikulowa mu minofu yolumikizirana.
• Gawo Lachiwiri:Khansa yafalikira kudzera mu minofu yolumikizana mpaka ku minofu ya pelvis ya impso ndi/kapena ureter.
• Gawo Lachinayi: (Gawo Lachitatu silinatchulidwe pano, koma nthawi zambiri limakhala pakati pa II ndi IV, kusonyeza kufalikira kwa ziwalo zapafupi) Khansa yafalikira ku ziwalo zapafupi, lymph node imodzi kapena zingapo, mafuta ozungulira impso, kapena ziwalo zakutali monga mapapo, chiwindi, kapena mafupa.

Kodi madokotala amachizira bwanji khansa ya m'mimba?

Njira zochiritsira zimasiyana malinga ndi komwe khansa ya urothelial ili mu chikhodzodzo, impso, impso, ndi mkodzo.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo

Njira zochiritsira zingaphatikizepo:

• Opaleshoni: Madokotala amachotsa chotupa cha khansa kapena kuchiwotcha pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu kwambiri. Izi zimatchedwa electrocautery (fulguration) .
• Chemotherapy: Mankhwala amaperekedwa kuti awononge maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cha Immunotherapy: Chimalimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi lanu kuti chizilimbana ndi khansa.
• Chithandizo cha radiation: Chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kuti chiwononge maselo a khansa.
• Chithandizo cholunjika: Mankhwala omwe amakhudza mamolekyu enaake omwe amathandiza maselo a khansa kukula.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya impso

Mankhwala ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya impso ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa khansa ya chikhodzodzo. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• Opaleshoni: Gawo la impso lokhalo lomwe lili ndi khansa ndi lomwe lingachotsedwe, kapena impso yonse ingachotsedwe.
• Kuwotcha: Kumagwiritsa ntchito kuzizira kwambiri kuwononga maselo a khansa.
• Kuchotsa ma radiofrequency: Mafunde a wailesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha ndi kuwononga maselo a khansa.

Chithandizo cha khansa ya impso ndi/kapena ureter

• Opaleshoni: Gawo la impso kapena ureter komwe khansa ili limachotsedwa.

Kodi kuchuluka kwa moyo wanu kumakhala kotani ngati mutadwala khansa ya m'mimba?

Ngakhale khansa ya urothelial ndi khansa yomwe imayamba kuchokera ku maselo amtundu womwewo, njira ya matendawa imatha kusiyana kutengera komwe imayambira (chikhodzodzo, impso, pelvis ya impso, ureter).

Chiyembekezo cha khansa ya chikhodzodzo

Monga khansa zambiri, khansa ya chikhodzodzo imatha kupulumuka ngati itapezeka ndikuchiritsidwa msanga. Malinga ndi deta ya 2018 yochokera ku National Cancer Institute (NCI), 96% ya anthu omwe adalandira chithandizo cha khansa yoyambirira anali adakali ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa. Ponseponse, 77% ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo anali adakali ndi moyo zaka zisanu atapezeka ndi matendawa.

Chiyembekezo cha khansa ya impso

Monga khansa zambiri, khansa ya impso (kuphatikizapo khansa ya m'chiuno cha impso) ndi yosavuta kuchiza ngati yapezeka msanga.Malinga ndi deta ya NCI (2018), 93% ya anthu omwe adalandira chithandizo cha khansa ya impso kumayambiriro kwa matendawa amakhalabe ndi moyo zaka zisanu kuchokera pamene adapezeka ndi matendawa. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu omwe apulumuka zaka zisanu ndi 76.5%.

Kodi ndingachepetse bwanji chiopsezo changa chotenga khansa ya urothelial m'dongosolo langa la mkodzo?

Pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe mungachite kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chanu chotenga khansa iyi:

• Osasuta fodya.
• Kupewa kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake oopsa.

Kodi ndingadzisamalire bwanji?

Ngati khansa yapezeka msanga, madokotala nthawi zambiri amatha kuchiza khansa ya urothelial, yomwe imayamba m'njira ya mkodzo. Koma mwatsoka, mitundu iyi ya khansa imabweranso. Ngati mwalandira chithandizo cha khansa yamtunduwu, ndikofunikira kupitiriza kulandira chithandizo chotsatiridwa monga momwe dokotala wanu wanenera. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri.

Kodi ndiyenera kupita kwa dokotala liti?

Ngati muwona kusintha kulikonse m'thupi lanu, makamaka zizindikiro zomwe zikusonyeza kubwereranso kwa khansa ya urothelial m'dongosolo la mkodzo, pitani kwa dokotala nthawi yomweyo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mukumana ndi zizindikiro zatsopano, monga magazi mu mkodzo wanu, kupweteka kwa msana, kapena kutopa kwatsopano, muyeneradi kuonana ndi dokotala.

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri kukumbukira (Uthenga Wopita Nawo Kunyumba)

Chabwino, izi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe muyenera kukumbukira kuchokera pa zomwe takambirana lero:

• Khansa ya mkodzo (urrothelial carcinoma) ndi khansa yomwe imayamba mkati mwa dongosolo lanu la mkodzo (chikhodzodzo, impso, ndi ureter).
• Chizindikiro chachikulu ndi magazi mu mkodzo . Zizindikiro zina ndi kupweteka kwa msana, kutopa, komanso kuchepa thupi.
• Kusuta fodya ndi kukhudzana ndi mankhwala enaake ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli.
• Ngati yapezeka msanga, nthawi zambiri imatha kuchiritsidwa ndikuchiritsidwa.
• Popeza khansa iyi ikhoza kubwereranso, ndikofunikira kupitiliza kuyezetsa kuchipatala mutalandira chithandizo.
• Ngati muli ndi kukayikira kapena zizindikiro zilizonse, musaope kulankhula ndi dokotala. Adzakuthandizani.

Ndikukhulupirira kuti izi zikuthandizani. Khalani athanzi! Khansa ya m'mimba, Khansa ya m'mimba, Khansa ya mkodzo, Khansa ya chikhodzodzo, Khansa ya impso, Magazi mu mkodzo, Zizindikiro za khansa